Transcript Sport Pilot Training Program

Pre-Solo Training Program
Flight Briefing: Lesson 1
Basic Flight
In cooperation with Mid Island Air
Service, Inc. Brookhaven, NY
(Michael Bellenir, CFI)
Lesson 1 Objectives
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During this briefing, we will introduce the
procedures for preparing an airplane for
flight, how to taxi, the effects of the flight
controls, and basic flight maneuvers
including holding altitudes, headings, basic
turns, climbs, and descents.
Upon completion of this briefing, you will be
ready to practice basic flight maneuvers.
Flight Briefing: Lesson 1
Pre-Flight Inspection
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It is very important to make sure that the
airplane is in a safe, airworthy condition prior
to flight.
The pre-flight inspection is accomplished so
that the pilot can check the airplane for any
problems that could compromise the safety
of flight.
We’ll go around the airplane later together to
perform this inspection
Flight Briefing: Lesson 1
Attitude Flying
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The term “Attitude” refers to the position of
the nose and wings relative to the horizon.
When flying the airplane, you set the attitude
to get the performance you are looking for:
To make a turn, set a turning attitude; to
climb or descend, set the attitude as
necessary, nose up or nose down, etc.
Flight Briefing: Lesson 1
Pitch
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The term “Pitch” refers to the position of the
nose relative to the horizon. Pitch is
controlled by the elevator or stabilator which
is connected to the control stick and
activated by moving the stick forwards or
backwards.
Pull back, pitch increases (nose up)
Push forward, pitch decreases (nose down)
Flight Briefing: Lesson 1
Pitch
Pitch for climb
or slow speed
Pitch for
level flight
Pitch for descent
or high speed.
Flight Briefing: Lesson 1
Bank
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The term “Bank” refers to the angle of the
wings to the horizon.
Bank is controlled with the ailerons on the
wings.
Control stick left=Bank left;
Control stick right=Bank right
Flight Briefing: Lesson 1
Bank
Attitude for
right turn
Attitude for
level flight
Attitude for
left turn
Flight Briefing: Lesson 1
Yaw
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The term “Yaw” is used to describe the left or
right sideways motion of the nose.
Yaw is controlled with the rudder on the tail.
The rudder is connected to the rudder pedals
on the floor of the airplane
Push on the left rudder, the nose swings left.
Push on the right rudder, the nose swings
right.
Flight Briefing: Lesson 1
Yaw
Flight Briefing: Lesson 1
Flying is Easy!
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Set attitude for what you want, set power for
what you need, monitor performance of the
airplane and adjust attitude and power as
necessary.
Attitude + Power = Performance!
Flight Briefing: Lesson 1
Straight and Level
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Not changing heading (direction)
Not changing altitude.
Set bank attitude to wings level
Set pitch attitude to no climb/no descent
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You will have to learn where the horizon will
appear to be for this. Check the altimeter
occasionally and make small adjustments as
necessary.
Flight Briefing: Lesson 1
Straight and Level
Looking ahead.
Flight Briefing: Lesson 1
Straight and Level
Looking to sides
Flight Briefing: Lesson 1
Using Trim
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The trim control allows you to reduce the
pressures you must apply to the controls to
hold your desired attitude.
If you need to constantly pull back on the stick
to hold the nose up, trim nose up and the
pressures required will be reduced; opposite if
forward pressure required to keep nose down.
Keeping the airplane in trim will make it easier
to fly and increase your ability to control it.
Flight Briefing: Lesson 1
Using the Instruments
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You can use the
instruments to check
your altitude and other
information, but
remember to spend
most of your time (at
least 90%) looking out
side! Always be looking
out for other airplanes
Flight Briefing: Lesson 1
Basic Turns
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To make a turn, set a turning attitude: Bank in
the direction you want the airplane to go.
The more steeply you bank, the faster the
airplane will turn.
Look before you turn: Always clear the area
in which you are about to turn. Make sure
there are no potential collision hazards with
other aircraft.
Flight Briefing: Lesson 1
Using the Rudder in Turns
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The rudder controls the airplanes “yaw,” the sideways
movement of the nose left or right.
When the airplane is banked in a turn, the aileron
deflection causes the wings to make different amounts
of lift and drag.
The rising wing will make more drag than the
descending wing; this causes the nose to “yaw” towards
the high wing in a turn. This yawing is called “adverse
yaw” because it acts in the direction against the way the
pilot is trying to turn.
Flight Briefing: Lesson 1
Adverse Yaw
In a turn to the right, the controls deflect as shown, this results in more
lift, but also more drag on the rising (left) wing. Even though the
airplane will turn to the right, it will yaw slightly to the left.
Flight Briefing: Lesson 1
Controlling Adverse Yaw
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The rudder is used to compensate for
adverse yaw.
Applying a slight amount of rudder in the
direction of the turn will eliminate adverse
yaw and the airplane will turn more smoothly.
When the adverse yaw is correctly
compensated for, the airplane is making a
“coordinated turn,” meaning the ailerons and
rudder are properly balanced with each other.
Flight Briefing: Lesson 1
Coordinated Turn
Too much rudder
Perfect!
Not enough rudder
In a coordinated turn, the “ball” will be centered and you will not feel any
sideways forces. A coordinated turn is smoother and more aerodynamically
efficient. Remember: Step on the ball
Flight Briefing: Lesson 1
Feeling the Turn
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You will learn how
to “feel” the quality
of your turns. To
feel the turn, you
must have proper
posture. Don’t
“lean” towards the
top of turns, sit
upright relative to
the airplane.
Flight Briefing: Lesson 1
Making Turns
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When an airplane turns, it will tend to lower its nose
slightly because the amount of lift opposing weight
decreases.
Some of the lift acts in the direction of the bank,
causing the airplane to turn.
The total amount of lift needs to be increased to
maintain altitude.
Flight Briefing: Lesson 1
Components of Lift
Flight Briefing: Lesson 1
Review Questions
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Match the control with the aircraft axis:
– Roll
Elevator
– Pitch
Rudder
– Yaw
Aileron
Which controls keep the airplane “coordinated?”
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Define the term “attitude.”
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Write down your answers before
continuing to next slide
Flight Briefing: Lesson 1
Review Answers
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Match the control with the aircraft axis:
– Roll
Elevator
– Pitch
Rudder
– Yaw
Aileron
Which controls keep the airplane “coordinated?”
Aileron and Rudder
Define the term “attitude.”
The position of the aircraft’s nose and wings relative
to the horizon.
Review any missed questions before
continuing to today’s flight.
Flight Briefing: Lesson 1
On Today’s Flight
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We’ll learn and practice the basic flight
maneuvers, including straight and level and
making turns.
We’ll practice keeping the airplane
“coordinated.”
Keep looking for other aircraft, collision
avoidance is everyone’s responsibility.
Thanks to Mid Island Air Service, Inc.
Brookhaven, NY (Michael Bellenir, CFI)
Flight Briefing: Lesson 1