Transcript Managing Electronic Resources through Consortia An Overview

Managing Electronic Resources
through Library Consortia
Examples from
INDEST-AICTE Consortium
Jagdish Arora
Librarian & National Coordinator
INDEST-AICTE Consortium
[email protected]
What is a Library Consortium?
A Library Consortium consists of a number of libraries,
preferably with some homogeneous characteristics by
subject, institutional affiliation, or affiliation to funding
authorities, that come together with an objective to do
certain job collectively. These jobs may include:
Subscribe e-resources
include resource sharing
Shared cataloguing of resources
Shared Technology Solution
Shared core / peripheral collection
Shared cataloguing (or copy cataloguing) in network
environment is still operational and relevant;
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Need and Relevance of Library Consortium
[1]
Proliferation of Web-based Full-text Resources
+ 40,000 e-journals
+ 10,00,000+ E-books
Aggregators: NetLibrary; E-brary, 24x7;
Springer, Wiley, Elsevier, T & F and others
Hongkong University Library has access to 1 million ebooks
+ 5,000 Online Databases, etc.
Publishers-backed Initiative
Support from users: Convenience
Libraries
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Need and Relevance of Library Consortium
[2]
Diminishing Print-based Subscription
Threats from E-print Archives and Open Access
Journals
Technology-driven Revolution: Publishers and Users
Decrease in Scientific Productivity Across the Country
in India
Libraries are already Committing Larger Portion of
their Budgets on Electronic Resources
Rising Cost of Journals, Diminishing Budget &
Increased
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Managing E-resources through a Consortium
Selection and Procurement of Information
Resources
Resource selection for consortia purchase requires
considerable care, effort and judicious involvement of the
members.
Some of the criteria for selection of e-resources used for
the INDEST-AICTE Consortium are:
Well-established multi-disciplinary resources with
broad coverage were preferred over highly specialized
sources targeted for specialists.
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Selection and Procurement of Information Resources
The resources already on subscription were preferred over
those which were not being used in any member institutions;
Resources that are ‘electronic-only’ were preferred over those
that were print-based unless completely unavoidable;
Resources that are very important but highly cost-intensive were
preferred over those that are less important or less-used but low
cost;
Resources where electronic versions are made available free on
subscription to their print versions were avoided as far as
possible; and
Selections were made on their usage / suitability to their
respective institutions, e.g. Proquest Science for category I & II
institutions while Web of Science for category I institutions.
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E-resources Negotiation and Purchasing
(Lowest) rates of subscription for all consortium members
Requirement of maintenance of print subscription; if yes,
is cap on increase in print subscription offered?
Extent of coverage of back-files with current subscription
Journal level (or article level link) through the Library’s
OPAC
Permission for inter-library loan
Archival backup or perpetual access to e-resources
Annual increase in rates of subscription
Terms of license agreement
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Consortia Licensing and Agreements
The publishers use licensing as a legal method for
controlling the use of their products and services
It is important to ensure that all issues concerning
consortia licensing of e-content that go into publisher
/ vendors’ licensing agreements are reviewed and
understood thoroughly by the consortia negotiation
committee and the agreement signing authorities.
Develop a checklist of “must-be-present” terms and
“not-at-all-agreeable” clauses, to avoid delay in
executing the licensing contracts.
ICOLC site provides is a very useful reference point in
understanding the recommended practices.
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Promoting Use of E-Resources
Use innovative marketing techniques and out-reach
programs in the form of:
posters, case-study sessions, user conventions
Ensure that all resources get equal and adequate
attention, and the newer resources receive greater
attention.
Training programmes and Annual Meets (both at
institute level and consortium level)
Consortium Users Group in each member institution
Users Convention in member institutions
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Promoting Use of E-Resources
Consortium web site should have features like:
Computer and Network Infrastructure Requirements
Tutorials on each E-resource
IPR and License Agreements: Do and Donts
Downloadable List of Journals with URLs
Searchable Database of Journals and their URLs
Searchable Database of Members with their
Contact details
Library Web Sites
Library OPAC
Resources accessible to them & their URLs
Subscription Period / Status / Renewal Due
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Establish Communication Amongst Members
Communication amongst members of a consortium is
considered its lifeline.
Effective communication motivates members to cooperate,
commit to the cause of consortium and align members
toward a shared vision.
Communication is necessary to link each member with the
practices of the consortium and to involve them at policy
and operational level as a team.
Communication at Consortium Level
Communication at Institutional Level
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Usage Monitoring
Most publishers maintain detailed usage statistics for resources
offered by them to the consortium
The consortium headquarters can maintain and deliver usage
statistics to member institutions through their web site
Members may be request to optimize the usage and check misuse,
if any
The usage statistics for several resources are also accessible to the
member institutions through web-based interfaces from the
publisher’s site
Usage statistics can also be used to determine factors that can be
used to project economic viability and cost-effectiveness of
consortia-based subscription to e-resources:
Cost Avoidance; Cost Recovery; Cost Savings; Average cost of
downloaded articles
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Training of Users and Library Staff
Training programmes act as a bridge to facilitate
communication amongst members and find answers to
common problems
Essential for users as well as for the library staff
Make users competent to conduct their own searches more
effectively
Proper training would make library staff more competent
enabling them to provide qualitative services.
“On-the-job” training programmes are better for benefits users
but it also solve localized technological problems that can be
solved with the availability of experts at the time of imparting
training.
Imparting training to members of consortium is a decentralized
activity in case of INDEST-AICTE Consortium.
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Technology Support to Member Institutions
Provide help to member libraries to select technological
alternatives available in the market place.
All libraries invariably require consultation and expert
advice in implementing new technologies.
The consortium, with its collective expertise, can help
libraries to select technologies based on their requirement
ensuring use of open system, standards and
interoperability of library systems and digital archives.
Development and deployment of federated search engines
is a crucial requirement as the e-resource base increases
in the libraries acquired either through consortia initiatives
or through local library budgets.
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Copyright and IPR Issue
All consortium members including potential users as well
as librarians should be sensitized on issues of licenses
and agreements that consortium signs with the
publishers.
Users need to be told what, as an authorized user, they are
allowed and what they are not allowed. While most of the
publishers allow inter-library loan, electronic delivery of
articles are not allowed.
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Allowed
Not Allowed
Viewing, downloading, copying,
printing and saving a copy of search
results
Use of robots or intelligent agents to
do systematic, bulk or automatic
downloading
Viewing, downloading, copying,
printing and saving individual articles
Systematic downloading or printing
of entire journal issues or volumes, or
large portions of other e-resources
Using e-resources for scholarly,
educational or scientific research,
teaching, private study and clinical
purposes
Sending a copy of an article to
another authorized user (i.e. current
faculty, students or staff)
Using e-resources for commercial
gain (i.e. reselling, redistributing or
republishing of content)
Transmitting, disseminating or
otherwise making online content
available to unauthorized users
Posting the URL to the publisher's
Posting the publisher's version or
version of the article on a class
PDF of an article to an open class
website (publisher links will allow only
website is not permitted
authorized users access)
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Troubleshooting and Complaint Monitoring
Users may face problems in access to resources. These problems have
to be monitored and solved by the Consortium
Maintain publishers contact
Web-based instructions to handle troubleshooting for different
resources
Server-end problems (rare)
Client-end problems (more often): cookies, IP Addresses, sites
blocked, virus problems, etc.
Web-based Complaint Monitoring Interfaces (E-RAMS @ INDEST)
IP-based Access: Educate Institutions
Authorization and Authentication Mechanisms: Proxy, Athen’s login &
Shibboleth, etc.
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INDEST-AICTE Consortium
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INDEST Consortium: Basic Model
The MHRD provides funds to the INDEST consortium:
For subscription to electronic resources for
institutes funded by it; and
For operational cost of the Consortium.
Benefit of Consortia-based Subscription is passed on
to other educational institutions. These institutions
may subscribe on their own. 503 institutions have
already joined the Consortium.
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INDEST Consortium: Members
Members
Core Members
38
(Funds for e-resources through MHRD)
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Members with AICTE Support
60
Self-supported Members
503
Total
601
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Increase in Membership in the “Self-supported Category”
INDEST-AICTE Consortium:
Increase in Membership
No. of Members
MHRD
AICTE
Self-supported
Total
800
600
503
601
400
200
38
0
60
115
17
2003
64
38
176
152
50
38
2004
63 75
2005
38
60
2006
Year
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INDEST Consortium: E-resources
Full-text Resources
Full-text Resources
ABI / INFORM Complete
INSIGHT
ACM Digital Library
Nature
ASCE Journals
Proquest Science
ASME Journals
Science Direct
ASTM Journals & Standards
Springer’s Link
Capitaline
CRIS INFAC Ind. Information
Bibliographic Databases
EBSCO’s Business Source
Premier
COMPENDEX
INSPEC
Web of Science
SciFinder Scholar
MathSciNet
JCCC
Emerald Insight
Euromonitor (GMID)
IEL Online
Indian Standards
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Establish Communication
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Resource Sharing
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Resource
Sharing: 7716+
articles
exchanged
during 2005 –
2006
IIT Delhi: 4910
Others: 2806
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Archival Solution
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INDEST-AICTE Consortium: Archival Solution
Perpetual Access to Electronic Resources for period
of Subscription
Science Direct
Springer Link (Springer + Kluwer)
Nature
Emerald Xtra
CD / DVD ROM along with Online Access
ABI / Inform Complete
Proquest Science (Formerly ASTP)
Local Host at IIT Delhi
ACM Digital Library
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INDEST-AICTE Consortium: Archival Solution
CD / DVD ROM Backup to the Consortium Headquarters
IEL Online
Web of Science
ASCE / ASME
ASTM Journals & Standards
CD / DVD ROM Backup on Termination of Subscription (to
all Members)
IEL Online
Springer Link (-Kluwer)
COMPENDEX / INSPEC
SciFinder (CA on CD at 50% cost)
Web of Science
ASCE / ASME
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INDEST-AICTE Consortium: Archival Solution
No Archival Offer
MathSciNet
Intranet Products
JCCC
Indian standards
CRIS INFAC Information Services
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Economics of
INDEST-AICTE Consortium
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Comparision between No. of Members and Cost
10000
1000
100
10
1
IEL Online
2003 2003 2006
No. of Members 10
Cost
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75
500
8100 7350 6650
ASCE
2003 2004 2006
28
36
250
3600 3300 2219
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ASME
2006 2006
14
250
3500 2000
ACM
2003 2004 2006 2006
28
40
60
75
4560 4400 4851 4620
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Cost Avoidance: List Price, Consortia Price and Savings
for 2006
Rs. in Crores
250
200
191.47
169.89
150
100
21.58
50
0
List Price
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Consortium Price
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Difference
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Amount in Rs.
Cost Incurred V/s Cost Recovered for 2006
10000000000
1000000000
100000000
10000000
1000000
100000
10000
1000
100
10
1
Cost Incurred
Cost Recovered
Difference
Group I Group II
(IITs / IISc) (NITs)
Group III Group IV
(IIITs)
(IIMs)
JCCC
Category of Institutions
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Cost Savings V/s Expenditure on E-Resources
25
22
Rs. in Crores
20
15
11.19
10.81
Savings
Difference
10
5
0
Total Expenditure
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Total No. of Records Downloaded (38 Core
Members)
From full-text E-Resources
From Bibliographic Databases
Total
50,87,197
4,01,40,895
Average Cost per Article
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Rs. 6.17
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Lower Rates for Print Subscription
Item
IEL - ASPP
Package
Regular
Consortium
Subscription
Subscription
Rate
Rate
In Rupees
Discount
%
62.44
23,71,760.00
8,90,790.00
ASCE Journals
4,64,048.00
1,29,950.00
72.00
ASME Journals
3,19,332.00
1,28,800.00
62.44
Cap on Annual Increase on Print Subscription: 5 to 6%
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Persistent Increase in Usage
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Increase in No. of Downloads from 2003 to 2006
(for All Members and All E-Resources)
100000000
No of Downloads
10000000
2003
1000000
2004
2005
100000
2006
10000
1000
Group I (IITs
/ IISc)
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(NITs)
Group III
(IIITs)
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(IIMs)
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No of Downloads
Comparison of Downloads for ASCE, ASME and IEL Online (20032006)
10000000
1000000
100000
10000
1000
100
10
1
2003
2004
2005
2006
ASCE
ASME
IEL Online
E-Resources
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Comparison of No. of Downloads (2003-2006)
No of Downloads
10000000
2003
1000000
2004
2005
100000
2006
10000
Science Direct
Proquest Science
Springer Link
E-Resources
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No of Downloads
Increase in No. of Downloads for Management Resources
(2004-2006)
100000000
10000000
2004
1000000
2005
2006
100000
10000
ABI
Capitaline
EBSCO
Emerald
E-Resources
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10000000
2003
2005
10000
2006
Web of
Science
100000
SciFinder
Scholar
2004
MathSciNet
1000000
COMPENDE
X & INSPEC
No of Downloads
Increase in No. of Downloads for Bibliographic
Databases from 2003 to 2006
E-Resources
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Increase in No. of Downloads for AICTE-Supported Institutions for the Year
2003-2006
No. of Downloads
1000000
2003
10000
2004
2005
2006
100
ASCE
ASME
IEL
Proquest
E-Resources
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Transforming Consortium
from Buying Club to Centrally
Organized Service Delivery
Organization
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Transforming Consortium
Consortium provides a platform for member
libraries to work together for activities that require
collaborative efforts
Economics of a consortium suggest that it should
perform more and more activities
Loose Federations Centrally Organized
Service Delivery
and
Organizations
Buying Clubs
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Consortium Services
E-resources purchasing
20 full-text resources & 8 bibliographic databases
Resources sharing (during 2005 – 2006)
JCCC@INDEST
Total number of requests: 7700+
IIT Delhi: 5000+ requests
Other IITs / IISc: 2800+
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Consortium Services
Educational programmes: Training of users /
training the trainees
Training programmes (decentralized: All IITs /
IISc to organize training programmes at various
levels: 14 + 4 training programmes during 2003 2007 and three national seminars)
Four Annual Meets
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Consortium Services: Near Future
Technology support to member institutions
Computerization, Digitization
Shared technology systems
Federated Search
Application Service Provider (ASP)
Union Catalogue
Joint storage facilities
Journal Archives
Shared core collections
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Consortium Services: Near Future
[5]
Add More E-Resources
Individual Institutions may Contribute to Subscribe More
Resources instead of Looking for Central Fundings
AIP Journals (added in 2007 – cross sharing)
Wiley InterScience (added in 2007 – cross sharing)
ASTM Standards and Journals (already implemented)
Taylor & Francis
Jstor
IOP Journals
SIAM Journals
ACS Journals
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Consortium Services: Near Future
[6]
Add Electronic Books
Purchase Model: One-time Payment, Perpetual
Access
Springer Books (100+ books at IIT Delhi)
Wiley InterScience (100+ books at IIT Delhi)
Ebrary (at IIT Delhi)
A Sub-committee has been set-up to to identify ebooks and negotiate rates
The committee may look-up for other resources on
“one-time payment” and perpetual access basis.
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INDEST Extended Activities
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INDEST Extended
Activities under “INDEST Extended” approved by the IIT
Council
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Union Catalogues of Journals
Union Catalogue of Books
Setting-up OAI-complaint E-print Archives
First Workshop-cum-Meeting of “INDEST Extended” held on
October, 2003;
A Workshop on Setting-up OAI-Complaint Digital repositories at
member institutions held in July, 2004 at IISc Bangalore: 24
participants, another workshop in June 2006 at IIM Kozhikode
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INDEST Extended: Open Source Archives
IISc Bangalore
IIT Delhi (www.eprint.iitd.ac.in/)
IIT Bombay (www.library.iitb.ac.in/~mnj/etd/)
IIT Kharagpur (intranet)
IIIT Allahabad (eprints.iiita.ac.in/)
IIM Kozhikode (http://eprints.iimk.ac.in/)
NIT Rourkela
IIIT Allahabad
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INDEST Consortium: Open Source Archives
Two Layered Proposition
Individual members of INDEST (I.e. IITs and NITs)
to establish E-print Archives and acts as Content
Providers;
Authors deposits a soft copies of their
publications and associated metadata into
institutional archive in their respective institutions.
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INDEST Consortium: Open Source Archives
IIT Delhi to act as Service Provider
Cross-archive searching and metadata harvesting
from INDEST member Institutions
Provides alerting services
Supplement functions of data providers
Facilitate e-print submission for member
institutions who could not establish their own
archives
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IIMs
IISc /
IITs
OAI-Complaint Repositories
NITs
IIT Delhi as Service Provider
User
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Conclusion
Consortia Should Work Together
for same resources;
Benefit of number; and
Consortium extend should be large enough to attract
publishers;
Increased in inter-institutional cooperation, coordination and
collaboration amongst beneficiary institutions should be one of
the goal of the Consortium
Providing e-resources to scientists in not a goal in-itself
The goal is to increase productivity of scientific and research
output both in quantity and quality; and
Trigger stronger research and academic culture in member
institutions.
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