PROMOTION OF BREAST FEEDING

Presented by: Cindy Magirl, RN Eric Nelson, RN Tennille Sassano, RN Jennifer Vicarie, RN

Why is breast feeding important?

Benefits of Breast Feeding Video

You tube.com

Objective

• Increase the percentage of breast feeding ever • Educate mothers on importance of breast feeding google.com

Breastfeeding Report Card 2012

• Infants ever breast fed 76.9% • Infants breast fed at 6 months 47.2% • Infants breast fed at 12months 25.5%

Healthy People 2020 Objective

Healthy People 2020 Objective MICH-21: Increase the proportion of infants who are breastfed MICH-21.1

Ever 81.9% MICH-21.2

MICH-21.3

MICH-21.4

At 6 months At 1 year Exclusively through 3 months 60.6% 34.1% 46.2% MICH-21.5

Exclusively through 6 months MICH-22: Increase the proportion of employers that have worksite lactation support programs.

MICH-23: Reduce the proportion of breastfed newborns who receive formula supplementation within the first 2 days of life.

MICH-24: Increase the proportion of live births that occur in facilities that provide recommended care for lactating mothers and their babies.

25.5% 38% 14.2% 8.1%

Demographics

Age Group Ever breastfed* Percent of Infants Any at 6 months Exclusively at 6 months**† *Ever fed breast milk.

**Exclusive breastfeeding is defined as only human breast milk —no solids, water, or other liquids.

†Data is for infants aged 6 months to 5 years. Those less than 6 months of age were excluded.

Source: Health Resources and Services Administration, Maternal and Child Health Bureau and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , National Center for Health Statistics , National Survey of Children’s Health. Unpublished data.

Total 20 Years or Younger 21-29 Years 30 Years or Older 75.5

58.5

76.5

79.8

45.0

22.2

44.4

51.2

12.4

4.6

12.3

14.1

Demographics

Breastfeeding Among Children Aged 0-5 Years, by Maternal Education and Duration, 2007 Percent of Infants Education Level Ever breastfed* Any at 6 months Exclusively at 6 months**† *Ever fed breast milk.

**Exclusive breastfeeding is defined as only human breast milk —no solids, water, or other liquids.

†Data is for infants aged 6 months to 5 years. Those less than 6 months of age were excluded.

Source: Health Resources and Services Administration, Maternal and Child Health Bureau and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Survey of Children’s Health. Unpublished data.

National Center for Health Statistics , National Total Less than High School High School More than High School 75.5

68.1

67.9

81.7

45.0

37.8

33.4

52.3

12.4

10.4

9.2

14.4

80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0

Demographics

Percentage of infants who were ever breastfed by poverty income ratio(PIR) and race ethnicity. United States. 1999-2006

Total Non-Hispanic White PIR less than or equal to 1.85

Non-Hispanic Black Mexican American PIR greater than 1.85

Social Determinants

• Women with higher family incomes • Higher education levels • Professional or executive occupations • Foreign born Latino women Google.com

Pros Cons

• Protects babies • • Easier to digest Easily accept solid food • • Less ear infections & diarrhea Decrease risk of SIDS, diabetes, childhood leukemia, asthma, obesity • • Mothers bond with baby Formula cannot match exact composition of breast milk • • • • • Comfort level Lifestyle Medical considerations Time commitment Fathers and siblings feel left out

Health of Mother

• Decrease chance of hemorrhage • Delays return of menstrual cycle • Requires mother to take time to relax and bond • Decrease risk for diabetes, breast and uterine cancer, post partum depression, and osteoporosis • Greater weight loss • Google.com

Other Benefits

• Less expensive • Better for environment • Easier • Less infant deaths • Savings in medical costs

HEALTH BELIEF MODEL: Precede –Proceed Model-Breast Feeding

Phase 4 Administration/Policy Policy Assessment Intervention Alignment Phase 3 Educational & Ecological Phase 2 Epidemiological Diagnosis Phase 1 Social Diagnosis

HEALTH PROGRAM PREDISPOSING GENETICS HEALTH QUALITY OF LIFE BEHAVIOR REINFORCING POLICY ENABLING ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS Phase 5 Implementation Imput Process Phase 6 Output Process Evaluation Short-term impact Phase7 Impact Evaluation Phase 8 Outcome Evaluation Long-term healt outcome socail impact Short-term Social Impat Long-term

HEALTH BELIEF MODEL

I Planning II HEALTH EDUCATION MEDIA ADVOCACY PREDISPOSING HEALTH LIFE STYLE REINFORCING QUALITY OF LIFE POLICY REGULATIONS RESOURCES ORGANIZATION ENABLING ENVIRONMENT Risk Management Products Determinants III Educational and Environmental Development…Evaluation

Possible Ways to Achieve Objective

• OB Gyn offices • Healthy Lifestyles • Women’s shelters • Pregnancy Crisis Centers • Pediatrician’s offices • Prenatal classes • Hospitals

Resources

• Obstetricians • Pediatricians • Office staff • Healthy Lifestyles • Handouts • Media – DVD • Classroom

Action Plan

• Tennille and Jennifer will teach 12 classes once weekly over 3 months • Eric and Cindy will contact pediatric offices to retrieve data at the start of classes • Compile data to see if objectives are being reached

Evaluation

• Pediatric check sheet • Compare to Healthy People 2020 data

References

• • • • • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2008). Breastfeeding in the United States: Findings from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999-2006. Retrieved from http: //www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/databriefs/db05.htm

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2012). Breastfeeding Report Card – United States, 2012. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/breastfeeding/data/reportcard.htm

Dermer, Alicia. (2001, August). A well kept secret breastfeeding’s benefits to mothers.

New Beginnings

, 18(4), 124-127.

Harmon, Katherine. (2010, April 30). How breastfeeding benefits mothers ’ health.

Scientific American.

ding-benefits-mothers&page=2 Retrieved fromhttp://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=breastfee Heck, Katherine E., Braveman, Paula, Cubbin, Catherine, and Chavez, Gilberto F. (2006, Jan-Feb). Socioeconomic Status and Breastfeeding Initiation Among California Mothers. E Journal of

Public Health Reports,

121(1): 51-59

.

Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1497787/

References

• • • • Mcneill, Elisa. (n.d.). [Document] Precede-procede model (Green & Kreuter, 2005)-breast feeding application. Retrieved from mcneill.tamu.edu/hlkn%20415web/Precede breastfeeding.doc

Pender, Nola, Murdaugh, Carolyn, and Parsons, Mary A. (2011). Health promotion in nursing practice (pp. 74-76). Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson.

Sy Kraft. (2011, June 14). Moms guard against SIDS and breastfeed babies; formula won’t work.

Medical News Today

. Retrieved from http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/228457.php

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (2010, August 4) .

Why breastfeeding is important.

breastfeeding-is-important/ Retrieved from http://www.womenshealth.gov/breastfeeding/why-

References

• U.S. Human Services, Health Resources and Services Administration, Maternal and Child Health Bureau. (2011).

Child Health USA 2011.

Retrieved from http://mchb.hrsa.gov/chusa11/hstat/hsi/pages/204b.h

tml • Whalen, Bonny. (2012, September 6). Dartmouth Hitchcock.

The Benefits of Breastfeeding.

Podcast retrieved from http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NDVvz_HQUME • Yngve, Agneta and Sjostrom, Michael. (2001). Breastfeeding determinants and a suggested framework for action in Europe.

Public Health Nutrition,

4(2B), 729-739. doi: 10.1079/PHN201164