Transcript Document

“Bringing the Global Perspective Home:
Issues in Assessing and Testing
International Pharmacists”
Christyna Schillemore
R. Ph., B.Sc.Phm., M.Ed.
Manager, Registration Programs
Ontario College of Pharmacists
Presented at the 2005 CLEAR Annual Conference
September 15-17
Phoenix, Arizona
Setting the Context
2001 to 2003
Ontario received 57% of immigrants to
Canada
Quebec 16%
British Columbia 15%
Presented at the 2005 CLEAR Annual Conference
September 15-17
Phoenix, Arizona
Setting the Context
In 2003 approx 120,000 immigrants to
Ontario – 84% settle in GTA
70% have post secondary education
Presented at the 2005 CLEAR Annual Conference
September 15-17
Phoenix, Arizona
Setting the Context
Ontario has the most diverse population
in Canada - 27% are foreign born
44% of Toronto residents are foreign
born
Immigrants account for 50% of
Canada’s population growth
Presented at the 2005 CLEAR Annual Conference
September 15-17
Phoenix, Arizona
Acronyms
ACPE
American Council for Pharmacy Education
AFPC
Association of Faculties of Pharmacy of Canada
CCAPP Canadian Council for Accreditation of Pharmacy Programs
IPG
MTCU
International Pharmacy Graduate
OCP
PEBC
Ontario College of Pharmacists
SPT
Structured Practical Training
Ministry of Training Colleges & Universities
Pharmacy Examining Board of Canada
Presented at the 2005 CLEAR Annual Conference
September 15-17
Phoenix, Arizona
Ontario College of
Pharmacists
10,000 Members
25% are educated outside Canada
25% are educated in other provinces
and the U.S.
50 % are educated at the University
of Toronto
Presented at the 2005 CLEAR Annual Conference
September 15-17
Phoenix, Arizona
Requirements for Licensure
as a Pharmacist in Ontario
Pharmacists Educated in
Canada/US
Pharmacists Educated
Outside North America
Degree from Accredited program
(Practical training through clinical
rotations)
Degree/Credentials evaluated by
PEBC
Fluency, PEBC Evaluating Exam
12 weeks internship
48 Weeks In-Service Training
16 Weeks IPG program
16 Weeks Studentship
16 Weeks Internship
PEBC Qualifying Exam
PEBC Qualifying Exam
Jurisprudence Exam
Jurisprudence Exam
Presented at the 2005 CLEAR Annual Conference
September 15-17
Phoenix, Arizona
Rationale for IPG Program
Trends – increase in number of
internationally trained pharmacists
Adoption of a set of National
Competencies for pharmacists
Changes in training requirements
Changes in the National Licensing Exam
Presented at the 2005 CLEAR Annual Conference
September 15-17
Phoenix, Arizona
Rationale for IPG Program
cont’d
Feedback from focus groups of
international pharmacists & preceptors
Results from Quality Assurance Practice
Review
Different standards between Canadian
Pharmacy programs and those outside
North America
Presented at the 2005 CLEAR Annual Conference
September 15-17
Phoenix, Arizona
International Pharmacy
Graduate (IPG) Program
OCP Grant to Faculty of Pharmacy,
University of Toronto for 3 years
Developmental costs
Faculty to provide access to resources
and existing courses
Goal: Similar competency outcomes
for IPGs and U of T/Canadian
students
Presented at the 2005 CLEAR Annual Conference
September 15-17
Phoenix, Arizona
IPG Program Expansion
$3 million in grants from MTCU
Partnership between the Government,
University Faculty and OCP
Presented at the 2005 CLEAR Annual Conference
September 15-17
Phoenix, Arizona
IPG Program Overview
PRIOR LEARNING ASSESSMENT – to evaluate
each individual’s specific learning needs and level of
practice readiness
EDUCATION – customized learning from curricula
packaged as 2 eight week academic modules
(CPS I & II)
MENTORSHIP – to enhance links to the pharmacist
community and to facilitate professional enculturation
and post-program employment
DISTANT TECHNOLOGIES – to reduce barriers to
access & make program components available
throughout the province
Presented at the 2005 CLEAR Annual Conference
September 15-17
Phoenix, Arizona
Lessons Learned from the
IPG Program
Build on fluency with profession specific
language and supports
Previous Canadian Workplace
experience to provide context for
learning
Enculturation to Canadian workplace is
important
Presented at the 2005 CLEAR Annual Conference
September 15-17
Phoenix, Arizona
Lessons Learned from the
IPG Program cont’d
Need close linkages to employers for
training placements, financial supports
& job opportunities
Communication pathways important
Sustainability of program
Accessibility of program (geographic &
financial)
Marketing value of the program
Presented at the 2005 CLEAR Annual Conference
September 15-17
Phoenix, Arizona
Challenges in Assessment
and Testing
IPG Program
International Candidates are treated as a
homogeneous group but are not
Ethical perspectives and cultural contexts
misperceptions
Formative feedback
Cultural competence vis a vis test taking
Self assessment
Role play
Presented at the 2005 CLEAR Annual Conference
September 15-17
Phoenix, Arizona
Challenges in Assessment
and Testing cont’d
National Licensing Exam (PEBC)
Limit on the number of attempts on the
national licensing exam
Some candidates do not take the limit
seriously until too late
Computer based testing not currently
available- cost, security concerns
Testing not available outside Canada
Nature of OSCE does not allow widespread
testing
Presented at the 2005 CLEAR Annual Conference
September 15-17
Phoenix, Arizona
Challenges in Licensing
IPG program is a mandatory but exemptible
requirement
It appears on paper that circumventing the
IPG program is cheaper, faster route to
licensure
IPG program is not yet widely available across
the province
University is not ready to guarantee the
offering of IPG program without base funding
Presented at the 2005 CLEAR Annual Conference
September 15-17
Phoenix, Arizona
Culture
“Culture is like water to a fish. A fish does
not know water exists until it jumps out
of it.”
Presented at the 2005 CLEAR Annual Conference
September 15-17
Phoenix, Arizona
Cultural Competence
“…is defined as a set of congruent
behaviours, attitudes, and policies that
come together in a system, agency or
among professionals and enables that
system, agency or those professionals
to work effectively in cross-cultural
situations”.
(Cross et al., 1989; Isaacs & Benjamin 1991.)
Presented at the 2005 CLEAR Annual Conference
September 15-17
Phoenix, Arizona
Cultural Competence
Language of practice
Social language- verbal/nonverbal
Understanding of Canadian healthcare
system
Values and norms (e.g. ethics)
Workplace norms ( teamwork,
management, performance, hierarchy)
Presented at the 2005 CLEAR Annual Conference
September 15-17
Phoenix, Arizona
Hidden Costs of Pharmacists
Lacking Cultural Competence
Lack of confidence or ability to use
professional judgment
Lack of communication skills and cultural
competency can result in the escalation of
dispensing errors
Impact of using inappropriate or overly
technical language in counselling
Failure to thrive in the workplace
Presented at the 2005 CLEAR Annual Conference
September 15-17
Phoenix, Arizona
Websites of Interest
Regulators Consortium
www.regulators4access.ca
OCP www.ocpinfo.com
IPG Program www.ipgcanada.ca
PEBC www.pebc.ca
Presented at the 2005 CLEAR Annual Conference
September 15-17
Phoenix, Arizona
Speaker Contact
Information
Christyna Schillemore
Ontario College of Pharmacists
483 Huron Street, Toronto, Ontario Canada M4R 2R4
Phone: 416-962-4861 x242, Fax: 416-847-8265
[email protected]
www.ocpinfo.com
Presented at the 2005 CLEAR Annual Conference
September 15-17
Phoenix, Arizona