World History
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Transcript World History
World History
Chapter 1: Prehistory – 300 B.C.
Section 1
Understanding Our Past
Geography and History
Geography
Study of people, their environment and the resources
available to them
Five themes that show the relationship between
geography and human history
Location
Relative
Where one place is located in relation another place
Exact
Location
Location
Determined by latitude and longitude
Example: Seoul, South Korea is located at 37ºN, 127ºE
Geography and History (Con’t)
Place
The physical features and human characteristics of
that location
Human-Environment Interaction
How humans have been shaped by the
environment and vice versa
Movement
The movement of people, goods and ideas
Trade
is a major example
Geography and History (Con’t)
Region
Division of the world based on different
characteristics
Missouri
is in the Region called the Midwest,
or Breadbasket
Iraq is located in the Region called the Middle
East
How Do We Know?
Prehistory
Long period of time before the invention of
writing systems
History
passed on by stories
Anthropology
Origins and development of people and
their societies
How Do We Know? (Con’t)
Archaeology
Find and analyze the material remains of humans
and animals
Artifacts
Objects made by human beings
Tools, weapons, pottery, etc.
Today, Archaeologist have traced the development
of technology
They also use modern technology to study and
interpret their findings
How Do We Know? (Con’t)
Geologist
Study the rocks to help determine the age of
artifacts and conditions on earth at that time
Historians
Study how people lived in the past
They study artifacts and especially written
documents
Desire to understand the questions… Who? What?
Where? When? And most importantly… Why?
Section 2
The Dawn of History
The Old Stone Age
Also known as the Paleolithic Age
2 million B.C. to 10,000 B.C.
African Beginnings
Oldest humanlike bones found in Africa
Theory suggest life started in Africa
The Old Stone Age (Con’t)
Hunters and Food Gathers
Paleolithic people were nomads
Moving
place to place as they followed game
animals and ripening fruit
Used very primitive weapons
Eventually developed spoken language
Lived through ice ages
Development
of glaciers throughout earth
Early Religious Beliefs
Use of animism
Belief the world is full of spirits and forces
that reside in animals, objects and dreams
Eventually people began burying their
dead
The Neolithic Agricultural
Revolution
Development of the New Stone Age
Learned to farm around 11,000 B.C.
Some people moved away from being nomadic
Also began domesticating animals
The population began to explode
No greater change in population would happen
again till around 1700’s A.D.
Development of wealth with the growth of
individual’s personal property
New Technology
Development of:
Calendars
Use of oxen or water buffalos to plow
Better, more smooth tools
Weaving of clothing begins
Technologies were not the same in all parts of
the world
Neolithic period led to the creation of civilizations
Section 3
Beginnings of Civilizations
The Rise of Cities
Civilization
Complex, highly organized social order
First began developing along River Valleys
River Valley Civilizations (RVC)
Tigris and Euphrates in Middle East
Nile River in Egypt
Indus River in India
Yellow River in China
The Rise of Cities (Con’t)
Common conditions:
Rivers flooded annually
Animals flock to rivers
Regular water supply and for of
transportation
Development of walls, temples, palaces,
etc.
Features of Civilization
Cities
Organized Government
Started out ruled by elders or priest
Then powerful rulers took and claimed
power from Gods
Became more complex as laws, taxes and
systems of defense developed
Features of Civilization (Con’t)
Complex Religions
Most were polytheistic
Believed
in many Gods
Used ceremonies like construction of temples and
sacrifices to appease the God’s
Job specialization
Development of artisans, or skilled craft workers
No longer could one person specializes in all crafts
Features of Civilization (Con’t)
Social Classes
Ranking based on jobs
Priest
normally top and slaves lowest
Arts and Architecture
Expressed the beliefs and values of the
people
Normally beautiful temples, statues etc.
Features of Civilization (Con’t)
Public Works
Irrigation systems
Roads
Bridges
Defensive walls
Writing
Earliest writings were pictograms
Drawings
representing objects
Only scribes learned to read
Spread of Civilization
Developed into city-states
A political unit that included a city and its
surrounding lands
Power struggles help build empires
A group of states or territories under one
ruler
Nomads continued their way of life,
many on steppes
Civilizations and Change
Environments greatly changed human
life in these civilizations
Droughts
Floods
Volcanic eruptions
Could be human caused
Over farming
Overuse of resources
Civilizations and Change
(Con’t)
Development of Cultural Diffusion
Spread of ideas, customs and technologies
from one people to another
Trade the biggest reason for cultural
diffusion
Warfare caused forceful cultural diffusion
many times