Transcript Chapter 1

Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing
World, Tuesday, January 23, 2007
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Today’s Schedule
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Review Models from Thursday
Start Chapter 3
In team, Draw Context Diagram
Thursday, Quiz #1 on Chapters 1 & 2
From Thursday … Architects &
Automotive Designers use Models
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What are some of these models?
How do they create different aspects of the
house or car they are designing?
Why are several models needed?
Today’s Learning Objectives
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Explain the elements of project management
and the responsibilities of a project manager
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Explain project initiation and the activities in
the project planning phase of the SDLC
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Describe how the scope of the new system is
determined
Overview
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Fundamental principles of project management
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How information system projects initiated
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Project success factors
Role of project manager
Project management knowledge areas
Part of overall strategic plan
Respond to immediate business need
The project planning phase of SDLC
Project planning examples for RMO
Significance of Project Management
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2000 Standish Group Study
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Only 28% of system development projects
successful
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72% of projects canceled, completed late,
completed over budget, and/or limited in
functionality
Project requires careful planning, control,
and execution
Improved Project Performance
The Standish Group’s CHAOS studies show
improvements in IT projects in the past decade.*
Measure
Successful projects
Failed projects
Money wasted on
challenged and
failed projects
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1994 Data
16%
31%
$140 B out
of $250 B
2002 Data
34%
15%
$55 B out of
$255 B
Result
Doubled
Halved
More than
halved
*The Standish Group, “Latest Standish Group CHAOS Report Shows Project Success
Rates Have Improved by 50%” (March 25, 2003).
Why the Improvements?
“The reasons for the increase in successful projects
vary. First, the average cost of a project has been
more than cut in half. Better tools have been created
to monitor and control progress and better skilled
project managers with better management
processes are being used. The fact that there are
processes is significant in itself.”*
*The Standish Group, “CHAOS 2001: A Recipe for Success” (2001).
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Reasons for Project Failure
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Incomplete or changing requirements
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Limited user involvement
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Lack of executive support
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Lack of technical support
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Poor project planning
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Unclear objectives
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Lack of required resources
Reasons for Project Success
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Clear system requirement definitions
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Substantial user involvement
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Support from upper management
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Thorough and detailed project plans
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Realistic work schedules and milestones
Role of the Project Manager
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Project management – organizing and
directing people to achieve a planned result
within budget and on schedule
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Throughout Project life span
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Beginning of project – plan and organize
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During project – monitor and control
Responsibilities are both internal and
external
Various Titles/Roles of Project
Managers (Figure 3-1)
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Project Management Tasks
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Beginning of project
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During project
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Project execution management
Project control management
Project closeout
Project management approach differs for
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Overall project planning
Predictive SDLC
Adaptive SDLC
Project Management Tasks for a
Predictive Project
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(Figure 3-3)
Project Management Tasks for an
Adaptive Project
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(Figure 3-4)
Project Management Framework
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Project Initiation and the Project
Planning Phase
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Driving forces to start project
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Project initiation comes from
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Respond to opportunity
Resolve problem
Conform to directive
Long-term IS strategic plan (top-down) prioritized by weighted
scoring
Department managers or process managers (bottom-up)
Response to outside forces (HIPAA)
RMO Project Charter
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(Figure 3-5)
Activities of the Project Planning
Phase
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Activities of the Project Planning
Phase and Their Key Questions
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(Figure 3-7)
Defining the Problem
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Review business needs
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Identify expected system capabilities
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Use strategic plan documents
Consult key users
Develop list of expected business benefits
Define scope in terms of requirements
Create system scope document
Build proof of concept prototype
Create context diagram
In Teams, Draw Context Diagram
for Your Info System
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For Thursday, January 25
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Quiz #1 on Thursday, Jan 25.
Covers Chapters 1 & 2
Finish Reading Chapter 3
Project Management