Classification of Organisms
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Transcript Classification of Organisms
Classification of
Organisms
Campbell’s Biology
Chapters 26-34
TAXONOMY
the
study of the
classification and scientific
naming of living things.
Domain
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
Binomial Nomenclature
Musca domestica
Homo sapiens
Gorilla gorilla
Quercus rubra
Canis familiaris
Felis domesticus
Kingdom Archaebacteria
Kingdom Eubacteria
Prokaryotic
Wide range of feeding mechanisms
Heterotrophs:
•
•
•
•
Saprophytes
Parasites
Commensals
Mutualists
- Autotrophs
Chemosynthetic
Photosynthetic
Range of Respiratory Mechanisms:
Aerobes
Facultative Anaerobes
Obligate Anaerobes
Range of Morphology:
Cocci
Bacilli
Spirilla
Strepto Staphylo
Range of Reproductive Mechanisms:
Transformation
Transduction
Conjugation
Binary Fission
Kingdom Archaebacteria
OLD!
Cell Wall is NOT made of
PEPTIDOGLYCAN
Well adapted to HARSH
environments!
Halophiles (in Salton Sea)
Methanogens (in sewers, soil,
swamps,dig.tracts)
Thermoacidophiles (HOT / Acidic )
Kingdom Eubacteria
Associated Structures:
Peptidoglycan cell wall
Plasmids
Capsules
Flagellen
Endospores
Gram NEGATIVE vs. Gram
POSITIVE
Gram Negative:
thin cell wall
retains saphranin stain
ex: Enterobacteria (E. coli)
Spirochetes (T. pallidum)
Cyanobacteria
etc. see notes
Gram Positive
Thick peptidoglycan cell wall
Retain crystal violet stain
All heterotrophic!
Ex: lactic acid bacteria (dairy products)
Streptococci (strept throat, scarlet fever)
Staphylococci (skin infections)
Clostridia (tetanus, gangrene, botulism)
Actinomycetes (leprosy / tuberculosis)
Bacterial Infection and
disease
See Prokaryotes and Disease
(Chapter 27)
Diseases Caused by
Bacteria
Tuberculosis
Syphilis
Mononucleosis
Tetanus
Pneumonia
air droplets
sexual
transmission
air droplets
injury
air droplets
The Others
Viruses *
Kingdom Protista
Kingdom Fungi
chapter 18
chapter 28
chapter 31
The Endosymbiont Theory
Paramecium caudatum
Entamoeba histolytica
Trypanosoma
Candida albicans
http://www.med.sc.edu:85/mycology/thrush.jpg
http://www.kcom.edu/faculty/chamberlain/Website/fungi.htm
Kingdom
Fungi
Kingdom Animalia
Protista Animalia
Evolution of Animals:
Protozoans
Kingdom Animalia
Multicellular
Heterotrophic
Reproduce sexually
Lack cell walls
Motile @ some stage in development
Rapid response to external stimuli
Invertebrate Animal Phyla
Porifera
Cnidaria
Platyhelminthes
Nematoda
Annelida
Mollusca
Arthropoda
Echinodermata
sponges
jellyfish
flatworms
roundworms
earthworms
snail,clam,octopus
insects, spiders,
shellfish
seastars
Vertebrate
Animal Phylum
Chordata!
Chordate Classes
Agnatha
Chondricthyes
Osteicthyes
Amphibia
Reptilia
Aves
Mammalia
jawless fish
sharks, rays
bony fish
frogs, salamanders
snakes, turtles, lizards
birds
mammals!
Mammalian Characteristics
Endothermic (warm blooded)
Body Hair
Mammary Glands!
Mammalian Orders
Monotremes
Marsupials
Placental Mammals
Body Symmetry
Radiata
- exhibit radial symmetry
- Diploblastic2 layers of tissue form during
embryonic development
ex: phylum Cnidaria
phylum Ctenophora
Bilateria
Bilateral Symmetry
Triploblastic –
3 layers of tissue during embryonic dev.
ectoderm (nervous, integ systems,eye)
mesoderm (skeletal,muscle,blood,kidney)
endoderm (GI / resp. tracts)