Transcript Counterurbanisation

Bellwork (back of books)
1. If urbanisation is the answer what is the
question? (List two questions that it could
be the answer for)
2. If rural is the answer what is the question?
(List three questions)
3. If shanty town is the answer what is the
question? (List two questions)
4. If migration is the answer what is the
question? (List two questions)
Counterurbanisation
Key Questions:
•What is counterurbanisation?
•Why has it happened?
•What are the results?
Learning Objectives:
•Explain the term counterurbanisation
•Classify c-urb cause and effect
Homelearning
• Use the VLE to look at this powerpoint
and read the St Ives casestudy
• Follow this structure to develop your
own casestudy on either:
Altofts, Allerton Bywater, Ackworth,
Methley or Kippax
• Each of these have developed as a
result of counter urbanisation
What is…
What is it ?
The process of people moving away
from urban areas to smaller
settlements and rural areas.
Depopulation of major urban areas to
small areas.
Leads to the growth of rural areas
beyond the city.
The boundary between rural and urban
becomes less obvious as more people
become involved in counter
urbanisation.
Definition
•
•
•
The movement of people to rural areas
from urban areas
Leaving the cities and moving to
smaller towns and villages
PLUS - Wider World pg 26
2 Trends
1. Move of employment to rural areas
2. Move of people who commute to
towns
Thinking skills
THINK
PAIR
SHARE
Question:
Which do you think is the biggest trend
and why…
1. Move of employment to rural areas
OR
2. Move of people who commute to towns
Share!
Images to reflect 1
Questions to discuss (2mins)
• Why are so many of us leaving the city for
the country?
• Where would you live if you had the choice?
e.g. big city, small town, village
– What if you had a family?
When?
Time
• Counter urbanisation began in the UK in
the 1960s
• It had been happening before this but
this was a time where many more
began to move
• By 1990 a net movement
of 1,700 people were leaving
for rural areas from the cities
Who?
Who?
• Affluent
• Mobile
• Families with children
Write brief suggestions as to why each of
these three groups would move out of
cities… (5 minutes)
Why?
Why?
• As before… PUSH and PULL factors
• In this case RURAL PULL and URBAN
PUSH
• These can be classified two ways…
Firstly by push and pull
Video
clip!
Push or Pull?
• Traffic congestion
• Pollution
• Expensive repairs to
old houses
• Retirement
• Unemployment
• Fear of crime
• Work flexibility
• Rural idyll
• Derelict shops
• New/modern houses
• Room for expansion
• Overcrowding
• Know your
neighbours
Bellwork (back of books)
1. Explain the difference between urbanisation
and counter urbanisation
2. What changes to ‘rural’ areas does counter
urbanisation have?
3. How might this ‘mess up’ the settlement
hierarchy?
Counterurbanisation
Key Questions:
•What is counterurbanisation?
•Why has it happened?
•What are the results?
Learning Objectives:
•Explain the term counterurbanisation
•Classify c-urb cause and effect
Homelearning
• Use the VLE to look at this powerpoint
and read the St Ives casestudy
• Follow this structure to develop your
own casestudy on either:
Altofts, Allerton Bywater, Ackworth,
Methley or Kippax
• Each of these have developed as a
result of counter urbanisation
Why?
Secondly by ECONOMIC, SOCIAL and
ENVIRONMENTAL reasons
Simplify the
statements
on the next
slides and
place them in
the correct
place on your
Venn
diagram!
Why?
1. Environmental and social problems with
inner cities pushed people away from urban
areas.
At the same time, more rural areas were seen
as peaceful, unpolluted, offering greater
space and the community spirit that was
lacking in inner city areas
2. The growing popularity of the 'out-of-town'
industrial and businesses parks as location
for employment as industry also became
unsatisfied with inner city areas
Why?
3. Improvements in rural transport
infrastructures and increased car ownership
allowed a greater freedom of choice when
choosing where to live
4. The growth in Information Communication
Technology (E-mail, Fax, Video-conferencing)
has allowed further freedom as people can
work from home and are not so tied to urban
areas
Why?
5. For social reasons, as people reacquaint with family or friends, retire to
a quiet place, believe the countryside to
be more suitable for families or decide
the climate/environment is better for
their health
Impacts
Impacts
• House prices can be pushed up as migrants
sell expensive city properties and earn higher
city wages. This can force young people to
leave the village because they cannot afford a
house
• Public transport goes into decline because
the new residents are car owners. This can be
a major problem for village residents without
their own transport, particularly the elderly.
This problem is compounded by…
Impacts
• Traditional rural services start to close as the
new population will be reliant on the services
of the urban environment such as the
supermarket. The closures of village stores
and post offices have caused major problems
in many rural areas.
• Those shops and services that survive often
find that they have to change to meet the
needs of the new population. So the pub
becomes a restaurant, the blacksmith now
makes garden furniture and the butcher a
delicatessen.
Impacts
• As a large percentage of the migrants will be
commuting to work traffic congestion
increases. The problem is accentuated by the
fact that they will be driving on narrow
country roads.
• Increase car pollution and accidents
• Change community spirit and traditional
values
• Increase population
Impacts
• Improvements in local services - gas
mains, TV and` cable, local schools
• Support for a selection of local facilities
- generally public houses and local
builders (WHY?)
Effects on the Inner City
The people who leave the inner city
tend to be qualified and skilled.
They are usually home owners
This leaves behind an untrained workforce.
People left behind are usually
working class, semi skilled.
Population decline means that the
city looses out on local taxation
revenue e.g. council tax.
This means less funds for the key
facilities decrease.
Not for everyone?
Moving back
• Some find rural life is not for them
• WHO? Young couples, older people
• WHY? Range of services,
commuting, entertainment
• WHERE TO? Apartments (secure),
town houses
Plenary cube
• Using the random names
• I’ll throw the cube
• The sticks decide who answers the
questions on today’s learning
Case Study : St Ives
Cambridge
Location:
65m North of London
Lies on the A1123 just of the A14 which links St Ives with Cambridge and
provides access to the A1 which is a road straight into London.
Regular trains make the access to the cities of Cambridge and London
very easy.
What has attracted people to St Ives ?
Housing in the area is affordable
Journey times are much quick as a
result of the new railway lines which
have electrified.
High car ownership within the village.
Evidence of change
•The population structures of the town are
changing from a once ageing village to a
number of young people in the area.
•A large proportion of the people are
working outside of the town
•25% of St Ives population commute to
London every day.
The Effects on St Ives
•There have been a considerable number of
new housing developments around the
periphery of St Ives.
•There has been an increase in new exclusive
apartments in and around the town and
particularly along the river Ouse.
•People in St Ives have a higher income
compared to the rest of the UK with higher
incomes they can afford the higher travel costs
to London, which may be for petrol or train
fares.
•Increasing demand for riverside apartments
as a result of a large percentage of people
wanting to retire to St Ives
•There is an increasing proportion of people
who can afford the rising cost of property
(commuters) and the people who work on the
farms, part time wages or training schemes.
There is some resistance to the building of more
homes from the local residents, but many of
these do not want their newly chosen
environment changed.
The increased use of St Ives Railway Station
•The double in value of the property in the area.
•The increase in construction of council housing in the area.
•The increase rate at which farm building conversions are taking place.
•Farm buildings are being turned into luxury property around St Ives
•Current Policy in ST Ives : Any further developments must make a
positive contribution to the overall character of the area.
Outer suburbs
rural-urban fringe
urbanisation
CBD
Urban
hierarchy
Counter-urbanisation
rural