Digestive System

Medical Terminology

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Structures Lips (cheil/o) Mouth (stomat/o0 Tongue (gloss/o; lingu/o) Salivary glands

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Sublingual

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Submandibular Parotid Pharynx Esophagus Stomach (gastr/o) Small intestine

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Duodenum

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Jejunum Ileum (hip = ilium) Large intestine

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Cecum

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Ascending

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Transverse Descending Sigmoid Rectum Anus

Structures

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Liver (hepat/o)

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Hepatic duct

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Gallbladder

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Cystic duct

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Cholecyst/o Chole = bile Cyst = bladder

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Common bile duct

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Pancreas

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Pancreatic duct

Functions (physiology) All functions aided by “PERISTALSIS”

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Ingestion

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Digestion (pepsis)

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Mechanical

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Mouth

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stomach

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Chemical

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Mouth Stomach

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Duodenum Pancreas

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Absorption

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Jejunum

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Ileum

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Elimination

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Absorption

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Key to rapidity & completeness:

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Increase surface area

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Rugae/ plicae Villi Microvilli

System Terminology

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Gingiv/0 = gums (gingivitis) Gastr/o = stomach

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Gastrectomy/ gastrotomy/ gastrostomy Enter/o = small intestine (enteritis) Proct/o; rect/o = rectal (proctologist) Eupepsis/ dyspepsia/ peptic ulcer

System Terminology

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Obstructed bowel

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Volvulus Intussusception

Diverticulosis /diverticulitis Diverticula in the sigmoid colon. Diverticulosis is almost always located in the descending or sigmoid colon.

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Diverticula Diverticulosis Diverticulitis

Hernia (-cele)

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Types of hernia

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called hernias or –celes

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umbilical hernia umbilicocele

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Strangulated (no blood) Inguinal Hiatal

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In a hiatal hernia part of the stomach protrudes through the esophageal opening in the diaphragm.

Gallbladder disease

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Cholelithiasis Choledocholithiasis Cholecystitis