Transcript IoT and Fourth Order Cybernetics GISFI

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IOT AND FOURTH ORDER
CYBERNETICS
GISFI - 5G “NETWORKED SOCIETY”
SEPTEMBER 01, 2014
Bipin Pradeep Kumar [[email protected]]
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Cybernetics
Κυβερνητική: kyverni̱ tikí̱ - steer, navigate,
govern
“the study of self-governance”
Plato (Alcibiades, 350 BC)
"the scientific study of control and
communication in the animal and the
machine.”
Norbert Wiener (Cybernetics: Or
Control and Communication in the
Animal and the Machine, 1948)
John: “You're like a machine
underneath, right? But sort of alive
outside?”
Terminator: “I'm a cybernetic
organism. Living tissue over a
metal endoskeleton”
John and the
Terminator (Terminator
II, 1991)
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Automatic Regulatory System
(Self Regulatory Mechanisms)
Feedback loop
250 BC
Water Clock
(Ktesibios)
1781
Steam Engine
(James Watt)
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1927
Negative Feedback
Amplifier
(Harold Stephen)
2011
20XX
Learning Thermostat Meta-materials
(Nest Labs)
Emergence
Medical Cybernetics
Autopoiesis
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Types of Cybernetics
Two major types of Cybernetic systems
Evolving new
structure
6 principles and 2 Laws (
subsumed from Laws of
Control Systems)
“Principles of Systems and
Cybernetics: an evolutionary
perspective”, Heylighen
4 Orders of Cybernetics
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Syste
m
Morphostatic
New
System
State
Syste
m
Morphogenetic
• System internally dynamic
• Structurally Stable
• Governed by negative
feedback loops
• Feedback loops contained
within system
• System internally dynamic
• Dynamic structure
• Governed by negative &
positive feedback loops
• Feedback loops to
external systems
Ex: Thermostat
Ex: Living organisms, human
society
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Holons and Holarchies
“Ghost in the machine”, Arthur Koestler, 1967
Holon - Is something that is
simultaneously a part of a whole
and a whole itself
Me
Organs
Holons are autonomous, self-reliant units
that possess a degree of independence
and handle contingencies without asking
higher authorities for instructions.
Tissues
Cells
Molecules
Holarchy – A form of hierarchy. Is a
whole that is also a structure of parts
that are in themselves wholes.
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Holons and IoT
A Holon will look as a whole to those parts
beneath it in the hierarchy, but it will look
as a part to the wholes above it.
•
•
•
•
•
To an individual, s/he is a whole.
A home/office/industry is a whole
Civic infrastructure is a whole
A City is a whole
A Nation is a whole
Smart Nation
(Digital India)
Smart Cities
Smart
Infrastructure
Smart Homes/
offices
Part vs. Whole creates dichotomies of:
• Independence versus integration,
• Individuality versus unity,
• Competition versus cooperation,
• Cause versus effect,
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Individual/
Wearables
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Orders of Cybernetics
Level
First Order
Cybernetics
The kind of systems that are
applicable at this level
Self regulated mechanisms. No act of
observation
Defining characteristics
Negative feedback; homeostasis;
isolated/closed process
Second Order
Cybernetics
The process of self regulation is affected Positive and negative feedback
by observer/s, but this is insufficiently
can lead to morphogenesis
complex to encourage new values to
emerge
Third Order
Cybernetics
The process is understood as an
interaction that affects or is affected by
the observer, but does not address what
this means for the response-ability or
responsibility of the participant observer
Multiple realities emerge by the freedom
of choice of the creative observer, that
determine the outcome for both the
system and the observer.
Fourth Order
Cybernetics
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The system acknowledges its
surroundings
4th order systems are Holarchic.
The system is contextualised,
embedded and integrated into the
context
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Complex Interacting Systems; Adaptive
Systems
Integrate
d City
Ops
Smart Cities/ Villages
(Digital India)
Transdisciplinary;
Collaborative
Sufficient
Energy
for all
Perenni
al water
Smart
Infrastructure/
Utilities
Smart Homes/Industries
/Malls
Individual/
Personal
Wearables
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Smart
Water
Mngmt
Smart
Grid
Evolving new
structure
Other civic/
environmental/
social/ cultural
systems
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Concluding: Bringing it all together
5G: ???
1.
We need software, applications, ecosystems
that will leverage these
2.
We need
I.
Complex Interacting Systems,
II. Large Adaptive Systems
III. Creation of Massive Multi-Agent
Ecosystems
IV. Terra’mous’ Transdisciplinary Systems
3.
We need Interconnected Ambient IntelligenceIntelligence at the periphery as much as at the
core
4.
There is more value in Interconnected Ambient
Intelligence than individual intelligent systems
5.
We need more Holons; more socially beneficial
Emergence
6.
We need large systems that interact with
themselves and with each other and even
produce for themselves
For 5G to succeed:
• Not enough to just build high
speed networks,
• Not enough to create fixedmobile convergence,
• Not enough to think about small
cells
• Not enough to say ‘I will give you
4K quality video communication’
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Bipin.Kumar[[email protected]]
THANK YOU
[email protected]
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DATA AND BACK UP
SLIDES
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6 principles of Cybernetics
1.
The Principle of Selective Retention
• Stable configurations are retained, unstable ones are eliminated.
2.
The Principle of Autocatalytic Growth
• Stable configurations that facilitate the appearance of configurations similar to themselves will
become more numerous
3.
The Principle of Asymmetric Transitions: entropy and energy
• A transition from an unstable configuration to a stable one is possible, but the converse is not.
4.
The Principle of Blind Variation
• At the most fundamental level variation processes “do not know” which of the variants they
produce will turn out be be selected
5.
The Principle of Selective Variety
• The larger the variety of configurations a system undergoes, the larger the probability that at
least one of these configurations will be selectively retained.
6.
The Principle of Recursive Systems Construction
• BVSR processes recursively construct stable systems by the recombination of stable building
blocks
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2 Laws of Control Systems
• The Law of Requisite Variety
• The larger the variety of actions available to a control system, the larger
the variety of perturbations it is able to compensate.
• The Law of Requisite Knowledge
• In order to adequately compensate perturbations, a control system must
“know” which action to select from the variety of available actions.
Bipin.Kumar[[email protected]]