Transcript Bilateral Bar Chart - Indiana State University

Fundamentals of Graphic Aids:
Charts and Graphs
Radkur, Inc. Net Profit, 1994-2001
O"Leary's Home Center Sales by Department,
1991-2000
20
15.2
100.0
15
12.1
10.8
9
9.9
80.0
5.3
5
60.0
Plumbing
40.0
Gardening
20.0
Hardw are
0
-5
-3.1
-10
0.0
-12.5
-15
XYZ Company Annual
Sales, 1996-1998
50
40
30
Roswell Manufacturing Company Annual
Production of Automotive Parts, 1990-94
20
10
200
180
180
0
1
2
3
160
160
4
147
140
120
120
100
80
$ millions
millions of dollars
10
77
60
40
20
0
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
Radkur, Inc. Net Profit, 1994-2001
O"Leary's Home Center Sales by Department,
1991-2000
20
15.2
15
100.0
12.1
10.8
10
60.0
Plumbing
40.0
Gardening
20.0
Hardw are
0.0
•
•
•
•
millions of dollars
80.0
5.3
5
0
-5
Objectives
9
-3.1
-10
-12.5
-15
Explain the value of graphs in reports
Describe the criteria for quality graphs
Describe the potential for misleading data
Choose the correct graph for different data
sets
• Construct bar graphs, pie charts, and line
graphs
9.9
Why use charts?
•
•
•
•
To help clarify complex data
To supplement text (not substitute text)
To help the reader focus on the data
To simplify the reader’s comprehension
To clarify, supplement, focus, simplify
Table 1
O’Leary’s Home & Garden Center
Sales by Department, 1991-2000
(millions of dollars)
Year
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
Hardware Gardening Plumbing
20.4
23.3
25.8
27.3
26.1
28.9
29.2
31.3
32.5
34.9
Source: Primary
1.4
1.2
1.6
1.8
2.0
2.3
2.9
3.5
4.2
5.5
12.3
14.6
18.0
23.2
28.4
30.1
36.5
39.2
40.3
40.8
To clarify, supplement, focus, simplify
100.0
O'Leary's Home Center Sales by Department,
1991-2000
(millions of dollars)
80.0
60.0
Plumbing
40.0
Gardening
20.0
Hardw are
0.0
1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000
To clarify, supplement, focus, simplify
Table 1
O’Leary’s Home & Garden Center
Sales by Department, 1991-2000
(millions of dollars)
Year
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
Hardware Gardening Plumbing
20.4
23.3
25.8
27.3
26.1
28.9
29.2
31.3
32.5
34.9
Source: Primary
1.4
1.2
1.6
1.8
2.0
2.3
2.9
3.5
4.2
5.5
12.3
14.6
18.0
23.2
28.4
30.1
36.5
39.2
40.3
40.8
100.0
O'Leary's Home Center Sales by Department,
1991-2000
(millions of dollars)
80.0
60.0
Plumbing
40.0
Gardening
20.0
Hardw are
0.0
1991
1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000
Criteria for Quality Graphs
1. Shows the data
2. Helps the reader focus on the data rather than
on the graph itself
3. Avoids misleading the reader or distorting the
data
4. Simplifies the reader’s comprehension of the
data
5. Is consistent with the verbal or numeric
description of the data.
Potential for misleading the reader
Radkur, Inc. Net Profit, 1994-2001
20
15.2
15
12.1
10.8
millions of dollars
10
9
5.3
5
0
-5
-3.1
-10
-12.5
-15
9.9
Two Different Graphs Presenting the Same Information
XYZ Company Safety Violations,
1996-1998
XYZ Company Safety Violations,
1996-1998
500
50
450
45
400
40
350
35
300
30
250
25
200
20
150
15
100
10
50
5
0
0
1986
1987
1988
1989
1986
1987
1988
1989
Two Different Graphs Presenting the Same Information
$515
XYZ Company Sales
$600
XYZ Company Sales
$500
$510
almost
unnoticeable
scale break
$400
$505
$300
$200
$500
$100
0
0
Oct
Nov
Dec
Oct
Nov
Dec
You be the judge.
XYZ Company Cost of Operations, 1999-2000
Other
Training &
Development
5%
Material &
Capital
Development
50%
10%
35%
Salaries
Column and Bar Charts
Owens Communication Company, Projected
Income from Subsidiaries, 1995
Radkur, Inc. Employees by Gender, 1996-2001
800
600
Female
400
Male
200
0
1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001
Radkur, Inc. Projected Sales by
Division, 1996-98
Roswell Manufacturing Company Annual
Production of Automotive Parts, 1990-94
14
15
200
12
180
10
7
6
5
4
5
4
Division 1
160
Division 2
140
Division 3
120
2
80
0
1
160
147
120
100
2
3
$ millions
$ millions
180
9
77
60
40
20
0
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
Simple Vertical Column Chart
Roswell Manufacturing Company Annual
Production of Automotive Parts, 1990-94
200
180
180
160
160
147
140
120
120
100
$ millions
80
77
60
40
20
0
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
Simple Horizontal Bar Chart
Owens Communication Company, Projected
Income from Subsidiaries, 1995
Western
Cable TV
Radio Station
WROZ-FM
Radio Station
WKDM-AM
0
2
4
6
Net Income (millions of dollars)
8
10
Expenditures for Real Estate Advertising in Selected
Colorado Counties, 1998
Arapahoe
County
SCALE BREAK
$55
Denver
County
$3.2 million
El Paso
County
$75
0
20
40
60
Thousands of dollars
80
100
Multiple Column Chart
Radkur, Inc. Projected Sales by
Division, 1996-98
14
15
$ millions
12
10
9
Division 1
7
6
5
4
4
Division 2
5
2
0
1999
2000
2001
Division 3
Stacked (segmented or subdivided)
Column Chart
Radkur, Inc. Employees by Gender, 1996-2001
800
600
Female
400
Male
200
0
1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001
Bilateral Column Chart
Radkur, Inc. Net Profit, 1994-2001
20
15.2
15
12.1
10.8
millions of dollars
9.9
9
10
5.3
5
0
-3.1
-5
-10
-12.5
-15
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
Choose the Correct Column or
Bar Chart
Situation 1:
Radkur, Inc. net profit for 8 years
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
+15.2 million
+ 9.0 million
- 3.1 million
- 12.5 million
+ 5.3 million
+10.8 million
+12.1 million
+ 9.9 million
Choose the Correct Column or
Bar Chart
Situation 2:
Provide the correct graph to depict projected
annual sales for XYZ Company for the next 5
years:
Year
Projected Sales Revenue
1
10.2 million
2
11.1 million
3
11.9 million
4
12.5million
5
13.5 million
Choose the Correct Column or
Bar Chart
Situation 3:
Provide the correct graph to depict projected
income of three divisions for XYZ Company
for the next 3 years as follows (in millions):
Year Division A Division B Division C
1
15.2
5.1
12.7
2
22.4
8.6
14.5
3
26.7
9.5
15.8
Pie Charts
2001 Sales by Area
Miami
21%
Boston
55%
Denver
19%
New York
5%
Line Charts
Sales for 2001
Sales Volume
100,000
86,744
80,000
88,939
87,654
86,954
77,095
63,987
60,000
78,254
67,895
48,579
40,000
20,000
45,879
35,984
21,987
0
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Month
Creating a Chart
• Six main steps to create a chart
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Specify the data series
Select the range of cells to chart
Select the chart type
Insert the chart and designate the chart location
Choose chart options/add graphics in charts
Change the chart location and size
Six Steps
1. Specify the data series
– The rows and/or columns that contain the data
you want to chart
2. Select the range to chart
– Can be a single cell, but most often is multiple
cells
– Cells may be adjacent or non-adjacent
– Use Shift key to select adjacent cells; use Ctrl
key to select non-adjacent cells
Six Steps (continued)
3. Select the chart type
– Each type presents data in a different way
– Pick the type that will best visually illustrate the
information you want to convey
Select a Chart Type
Chart Type
Purpose
Column
Compares categories, shows changes over time
Bar
Shows comparison between independent variables. Not used for
time or dates
Pie
Shows percentages of a whole. Exploded pie emphasizes a popular
category
Line
Shows change in a series over categories or time
Doughnut
Compares how two or more series contribute to the whole
Scatter
Shows correlation between two sets of values
Stock
Shows high low stock prices
Six Steps (continued)
4. Insert chart and designate location
– Insert as an embedded object in the worksheet
• Can print worksheet and chart on one page
– Insert the chart as a New Sheet
• Will require you to print the worksheet and chart on
separate pages
– You can choose the location to display the chart
Six Steps (continued)
5. Choose chart options using the Design,
Layout and Format tabs
– The Design tab can be used to display data in rows
or columns
– The Layout tab can be used to change the display
of chart elements
– The Format tab can be used to apply special effects
Six Steps (continued)
• Add graphics to chart
– May add company logos or representative clip art
to personalize charts
– Remember, less is sometimes more, so be sparing
in use of graphics
Add a Graphic
• To add a graphic to a chart:
– In the Illustrations section on the Insert tab,
select the medium where the graphic will come
from (Picture, Clip Art, or Smart Art)
– Search for and insert the graphic
– Size and move the graphic on the chart as desired
Six Steps (continued)
6. Change the chart location and size
– Select the chart to reveal sizing handles
– Drag the sizing handles to achieve desired location
and size
Print Charts
• You can print a chart:
– Including the worksheet in which it is embedded
– That is embedded, without printing the worksheet
– That was placed on a separate worksheet
• Always Print Preview to ensure you are printing what
you intended
• Select Print from the File menu or click the Print
button on the Standard Toolbar
Hands-On Exercises 1 (p. 201)
and 2 (p. 212)