Transcript Bridging food security and nutrition indicators for

Food Security Information for Action Programme
Standing Committee on Nutrition: Working Together
Bridging food security and nutrition
Simple tools for measuring
households’ access to food
and dietary diversity
Marie Claude Dop
Terri Ballard
Amélie Solal-Céligny
Gina Kennedy
FAO Nutrition and Consumer Protection Division
In collaboration with the Food and Nutrition Technical Assistance (FANTA)
Project, under the EC-FAO Food Security Information for Action Programme
Food Security Information for Action Programme
Outline
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5.
The conceptual framework
Our approach
Description of the tools
Description of the project
Next steps
Food Security Information for Action Programme
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2.
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5.
The conceptual framework
Our approach
Description of the tools
Description of the project
Next steps
Food Security Information for Action Programme
1. The conceptual framework
Child Malnutrition
Anthropometry
Individual Dietary Diversity
Manifestation
Inadequate dietary intake
Disease
Immediate causes
Household Dietary Diversity
Household Food Insecurity
Access Scale (HFIAS)
Inadequate access to
food
Inadequate care for
children and women
Insufficient health services
& unhealthy environment
Underlying causes
Inadequate education
Resources and Control
Human, economics and organizational resources
Political and ideological factors
Economic structure
Potential resources
Adapted from UNICEF conceptual framework for malnutrition
Basic causes
Food Security Information for Action Programme
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2.
3.
4.
5.
The conceptual framework
Our approach
Description of the tools
Description of the project
Next steps
Food Security Information for Action Programme
2- Our approach
Our approach is to :
• Use existing tools (not create new tools)
• Promote standardization
• Assist countries in adaptation of the tools to the local
context
• Identify entry points for integration into food security and
nutrition information systems
In order to :
build capacity of national institutions to produce
relevant food security and nutrition information
for decision-making on a timely basis
Food Security Information for Action Programme
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2.
3.
4.
5.
The conceptual framework
Our approach
Description of the tools
Description of the project
Next steps
Food Security Information for Action Programme
3- Description of the tools
Household Dietary Diversity Questionnaire
• Expanded FANTA tool with
14 food groups
• Indicator of access to food
• Validated in a multicountry
study against energy intake
(Hodinott and Yohannes, 2002)
Food Security Information for Action Programme
3- Description of the tools
Individual Dietary Diversity Questionnaire
• Adapted from DHS
questionnaire to mothers of
infants
• 16 food groups
• Indicator of dietary quality
• Dietary diversity validated
against nutrient adequacy in
various age groups
• On-going discussion on
choice of food groups and
interpretation
Food Security Information for Action Programme
3- Description of the tools
FANTA Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS)
9 questions about food-related experiences of households when
facing inadequate access to food
In the past 4 weeks,
•
did it happen that you or any household member had to eat some foods that
you really did not want to eat because of lack of resources?
•
did it happen that you or any household member had to eat fewer meals in a
day because there was not enough food?
•
did it happen that you or any household member went to sleep at night hungry
because there was not enough food?
The development of the tool is described in a Supplement of Journal of
Nutrition, vol. 136, 2006
Food Security Information for Action Programme
3- Description of the tools
Potential uses:
→ together with other indicators (not stand alone tools)
• situation and vulnerability assessments in contexts of
chronic food insecurity or for early warning and Integrated
Phase Classification
• targeting communities for food security interventions
• monitoring and evaluation of the impact of strategies and
programmes, including at decentralized level
Food Security Information for Action Programme
3- Description of the tools
• Strengths:
– early indicators
– specific to food
– easy to administer
– easy to analyze at decentralized level
• Limitations:
– risk of biased responses due to expectation of aid
– more validation needed in different contexts
• Further work needed:
– refinement of scoring and interpretation
Food Security Information for Action Programme
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The conceptual framework
Our approach
Description of the tools
Description of the project
Next steps
Food Security Information for Action Programme
4- Description of the project
In 6 countries:
Burkina Faso, Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique,
Somalia, West Bank/Gaza Strip
1. Build capacity for adaptation, translation and field
testing of the tools for use in the individual countries
2. Consult with national and international organizations
for integration of the tools in on-going information
systems
3. In several countries, provide technical support for
analysis and interpretation of data
Food Security Information for Action Programme
4- Description of the project
Country-level activities in 2006
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Kenya: Field adaptation done in August 2006. National stakeholder
meeting in Nov. 2006.
National team: Dr. Alice Mwangi and Ms. Gloria Mbera, University of Nairobi Applied
Human Nutrition Programme with assistance of Ms. Muthoni Mwangi, FAO-Kenya and the
Ministry of Agriculture.
•
Malawi: Field adaptation done in July 2006. National stakeholder
meeting in Nov. 2006.
National Team: Dr. Beatrice Mtimuni and Mr. Numeri Geresomo of the Bunda College of
Agriculture, Home Economics and Human Nutrition Programme with assistance from the
Ministry of Agriculture.
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Mozambique: Field adaptation done in March 2006. Integration into
baseline survey for BSF project, Nov/Dec 2006
National team: Ms. Kerry Selvester, ANSA, with assistance from personnel of provincial
SETSAN offices.
Food Security Information for Action Programme
4- Description of the project
Planned country-level activities for 2007
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Burkina Faso:
Tools were integrated into an Agricultural survey in 2006. The project will provide
technical support to Government for further applications of tools, for data analysis
and interpretation of indicators.
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Somalia:
Field adaptation of dietary diversity and HFIAS questionnaires for use in on-going
monitoring and periodic assessments. Validation of Dietary Diversity against
children’s and women’s anthropometry.
→ Work to be done with FSAU-nutrition section
•
West Bank/Gaza Strip:
Capacity building in use of tools for rapid assessment on food insecurity in times
of crisis.
Food Security Information for Action Programme
4- Description of the project
International Workshop on simple tools for measuring
household access to food and dietary diversity
Nairobi: March 21-23, 2007
→ To discuss the tools and their integration into information systems
Participants coming from 6 countries with ongoing projects under the
EC/FAO Programme, including representatives of key line
Ministries, FANTA Project and South Africa.
Food Security Information for Action Programme
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The conceptual framework
Our approach
Description of the tools
Description of the project
Next steps
Food Security Information for Action Programme
5- Next steps
• Produce guidelines for adaptation, use, analysis and
interpretation of the tools
• Repeat survey in Mozambique to detect seasonal
changes in food security using the tools
• Continue collaboration with governments and
international agencies for application of the tools
• Introduce the tools into M&E of National
Programmes for Food Security (NPFS)
THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION