Transcript TIMBER - Civil Engineering Society @ Legenda Education Group

Plastics
Plastics in Construction
Ikmalzatul Abdullah
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Plastics in Construction
• Alongside the packagings industry, the building industry
is one of the most important customers for products
made from synthetic, accounting for about 20% of the
output the plastics industry.
• A selection of the synthetic materials used in building is
arranged in the order thermoplastics, thermosets,
elastomers and composite systems.
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Figure 1
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Polyvinyl chloride (PVC)
• The outstanding properties of PVC such as chemical
resistance, mechanical strength, multiple machining
options and adjustability with regard to flexibility
and impact toughness make it suitable for use in
many areas, e.g. waste water pipes, window frames,
rooflights, corrugated sheets, facade elements,
waterproofing and floor coverings.
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Cont..
• Unplasticised PVC (PVC-u) is hard and brittle.
• The addition of plasticisers modify the material
to form plasticised PVC (PVC-P).
• PVC can be manufactured in clear transparent,
coloured transparent or opaque forms.
• It does not ignite easily and burns only with
difficulty owing to its high chlorine content.
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Polymethyl Methacrylate (PMMA)
• Better known by its trade names, e.g. Perspex, this
material has very good optical qualities and a high
scratch resistance.
• In many instances it can be used as a substitute for
glass.
• Its high coefficient of thermal expansion must be
taken into account, and unrestrained changes of
length must be possible in the installed condition.
• The following products are made from PMMA: clear
transparent and coloured sheets, double-walled
panels, rooflights and splinter-proof panes.
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Fibre Composites
• Embedding fibres in synthetic materials improves
their mechanical properties.
• Fibre composite systems consist of a base (matrix)
of curing resins or thermoplastics plus a fibre
material which is responsible for high strength,
rigidity and thermal stability.
• The designations for fibre-reinforced plastics (FRP)
are given in the order fibre-matrix, e.g. glass fibrereinforced polyester resin (GF-UP).
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Cont..
• The thermosetting materials suitable for use as a
matrix are unsaturated polyester resins (UP), epoxy
resins (EP) and cross-linked polyurethanes (PUR) in
the form of casting resins.
• Among the thermoplastics, polypropylene (PP) is
just one of those that can be used for fibre
composites.
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Cont..
• The building components with loadbearing
functions (e.g. structural sections, rooflights,
shells) make use of reinforcement made from glass
fibres (SF), carbon fibres (CF) and aramid fibres
(AF).
• The latter two exhibit very high tensile strengths but
are seldom used owing to their high price.
• The quantity of non-woven fabrics, meshes, textiles
and rovings incorporated lies between 20 and 75%
by mass.
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Cont..
• The combinations and the proportions of the
individual components, the direction of the fibres,
the elongation of the matrix at failure and the
adhesion between fibres and matrix determine the
properties of the composite material.
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Applications for synthetic
materials
• The manufacturers of plastic products exploit — not
unlike a modular system — the specific properties of
a synthetic material, the forming methods and the
machining options in order to produce a tailor-made
material for a corresponding range of applications.
• The same product is often available made from
different synthetic materials.
• Users can then choose the best value for their
money.
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Applications
• Loadbearing components:
shells, sections
• Internal fitting-out, furniture:
floor coverings, wall finishes, partitions
• Building envelope:
facade elements, rooflights, ribbon windows,
roof waterproofing, membranes
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Cont..
• Building services:
drinking water and waste water pipes
• Adhesives
• Binders for organic and inorganic substances,
coatings
• Thermal and sound insulation
• Building preservation
• Solar collectors
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The End