Transcript Purpose of the TSCS:2 - S. Hayes Personal Portfolio
The Tennessee Self-Concept Scale – 2
Stephanie Hayes Jackie Webel
Aura’s Occupational Profile
10 year old fifth grade student Lives in south Los Angeles in a Latino community Her family, including her grandparents, immigrated from Mexico
Aura’s Occupational Profile
She is bilingual, but her parents and grandparents speak only Spanish She is Catholic She has spina bifida, resulting in paraplegia
Aura’s Occupational Profile
Younger sister to three teenage brothers Daughter of full-time blue collar workers Student in a public elementary school
Why is She Seeking Services?
Aura is seeking school-based OT services due to functional limitations, problems with bladder incontinence, and social isolation from her peers.
Aura’s Person Factors
Strengths
Strong upper body Motivated to socialize with peers Vibrant imagination No cognitive deficits
Limitations
Very limited use of lower body Requires wheelchair for mobility Ulcers and bladder infections Requires assistance with several ADL’s
Aura’s Environment Factors
Strengths
Strong family support: parents, grandparents, brothers Surrounded by caring Latino community Positive spiritual influence among family and friends
Limitations
Social isolation from peers at school Poor accessibility in the school and community Low SES
Aura’s Occupation Factors
Strengths
Talented writer and painter Enjoys reading Benefits from roles as daughter, granddaughter, and sister
Limitations
Completing ADL’s, such as toileting and dressing at home and at school Lack of play activities due to peer isolation
Aura’s Hopes and Dreams
Attend summer camp Make friends at school Learn to dance
Our Clinical Goals
Aura will join the after school art club in which she will work with one peer to complete a project in two weeks.
At each therapy session, Aura will report one positive aspect about herself or one positive experience she has had at school within the week.
Aura will take on a small part in the school musical in which she will learn adaptive dancing techniques.
Frame of Reference
Cognitive-Behavioral FOR
– Cognitive function is believed to influence behavior – Useful for clients who need to increase their self-knowledge of how to act and interact in their environment. This self-knowledge helps clients gain control of their environment and to cope with life’s challenges.
Individualized Evaluation Plan
P
factors: Tennessee Self-Concept Scale 2 – Assess Aura’s self-concept and self-esteem to understand how it relates to her maladaptive social behavior – Understand her self-perception so that we can find a baseline to begin therapy intervention
E
factors: School Function Assessment – Assess her environment to identify barriers that limit her occupational performance
O
factors: Children’s Self Assessment of
Occupational Functioning
– Assess her level of function, identify her strengths, and prioritize areas for improvement
Tennessee Self-Concept Scale
Second Edition
W.H. Fitts, Ph. D.
W.L. Warren, Ph. D.
Purpose of the TSCS:2
“The TSCS was originally developed to fill the need for a scale that would be simple for the respondent, broadly applicable, and multidimensional in its description of self-concept.” To help understand the relationship between self-concept and human behavior To assess an individual’s perception of self-concept and self-esteem
General Description
There are two forms of the TSCS:2 – the adult form and the child form.
The first 20 items of either test can be administered as a short form.
Can be administered individually or in groups
Construct
S e l f C o n c e p t “The mental image or perception that one has of oneself.” (Dictionary.com, 2004)
Sub-Constructs / Variables
Physical (PHY) – 12 items Moral (MOR) – 10 items Personal (PER) – 11 items Family (FAM) – 11 items Social (SOC) – 14 items Academic/Work (ACA) – 10 items The sub-constructs of the TSCS:2 can also be considered variables because each is a measurable aspect of the individual’s self-concept. The values given to each of the six areas are not static; rather, they change depending on the responses of the individual being assessed.
Sub-Constructs / Variables
Physical (PHY)
– Individual’s view of his or her body, state of health, physical appearance, skills, and sexuality
Moral (MOR)
– Examines moral worth and feelings of being a good or bad person
Personal (PER)
– Individual’s sense of personal worth and self-evaluation of personality
Family (FAM)
– Individual’s feeling of value as a family member
Social (SOC)
– How the self is perceived in relation to others
Academic/Work (ACA)
– How people perceive themselves in school and work settings and of how they believe they are seen by others in those settings
Operational Definition
Three subdivisions of each variable: – Identity: “Who I am” – Satisfaction: “How accepting of self” – Behavior: “The way I act” Social I: 13. “It’s hard for someone to be my friend.” S: 8. “It is hard for me to be around other people.” B: 70. “I find it hard to talk with people I don’t know.” 1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Always False Mostly False Partly False and Partly True Mostly True Always True
TSCS:2 Target population
Adult Form – 82 items – Ages 13-90 – Third grade reading level or higher Child Form – 76 items – Ages 7-14 – Second grade reading level or higher
Safety
For The Client: Paper and pencil test No time limit No “right” or “wrong” answers Some questions could cause emotional disturbance For The Therapist: Scoring likely to cause headaches
Reliability
Test – Retest – Adult Form 0.47 - 0.82 (median = 0.76) – Child Form 0.55 – 0.83 (median = 0.74) Internal Consistency – Adult Form 0.73 - 0.95 (median = 0.80) – Child Form 0.66 – 0.92 (median = 0.73)
Validity
There are two types of validity with TSCS:2 – – Individual Validity Looks for distorted response patterns within the responses given by each client Overall Validity Looks at the validity of the test as the whole
Individual Validity
Four validity scores are calculated based on the responses given during the test. These scores help identify defensive guarding or the need for social desirability.
When these scores are high or low, it is very useful to visually inspect any patterns in the responses.
Individual Validity Scores
Inconsistent Responding – Indicates if there is a discrepancy in the responses to questions with similar content Self-Criticism – Low score may indicate defensiveness or an effort to display a favorable image Faking Good – High score indicates a falsely positive self-concept Response Distribution – High score indicates the respondent is very definite in describing himself or herself. Low score indicates avoiding commitment – “Partly False and Partly True”
Validity of the TSCS:2
Content Validity – Two dimensions: Internal and External Internal – Measures the validity of the Identity, Behavior, and Satisfaction sub-divisions External – Measures the validity of the sub-constructs Concurrent Validity – Correlation of 0.68 with Wehmer and Izard Self Rating Positive Affect Scale.
– Correlation of 0.75 with Coppersmith Self-Esteem Inventory
Practicality
A quick and easy test Administration is usually 10-20 minutes Group or individual Has a short form option Cost $115 for the manual plus 24 scoring sheets, 2-PC answer sheets Spanish version available
Utility
Identifies strengths and weaknesses in specific areas as well as overall self concept Meets other four criteria of hierarchy
Aura’s Scores and Interpretation
Individual Validity: good Self-Concept Scores – Low Physical: less than 1 st percentile Social: 5 th percentile Personal: 16 th percentile Academic: 31 st percentile – High Family: 81 st Moral: 90 th percentile percentile Total Self-Concept Score TOT: 41 st percentile
References
Fitts, W.H. Ph. D; Warren, W.L. Ph. D. Tennessee Self-Concept Scale Manual, second edition.
Asher, Ina Elfant, MS, OTR/L. Occupational Therapy Assessment Tools: An Annotated Index, second edition.