Transcript SFT Presentation

WEEE system in the EU and
in Norway
Challenges, results and experience
Rune Opheim
Norwegian Pollution Control Authority
Our challenge…
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BACKGROUND
FOR THE EU DIRECTIVES
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WEEE
Waste
Electrical &
Electronic
Equipment
WHY DO WE NEED LEGISLATION
ON WEEE?
Reduce quantities of waste
More reuse and recycling
Efficient takeback systems
Environmentally sound
products
Safe treatment of waste
hazardous components
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WIHICH HAZARDOUS COMPONENTS ARE COMMON IN WEEE?
- Mercury, other heavy metals
- PCBs
- Flame retardants
- “Greenhouse” gasses
- Asbestos
- “Cancer makers” (i.e. PAH)
May poison people, animals,
crops and nature, and damage
DNA (heredity). Some will stay
in nature for thousands of
years if not correctly treated!
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Because of PCBs, he may not be
able to breed...
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EXISTING DIRECTIVES
RoHS
National
legislation from
July 2006
Restriction on
hazardous
substances in
electrical and
electronic products
Six banned
substances
WEEE
National
legislation from
August 2005
Both product and
waste regulations
Producer responsibility. Collection,
treatment, recycling
Marking &
documentation
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ADDITIONAL DIRECTIVE
Eco-design of Energy-using
Products – EuP Directive
All “energy-using products”
(except transport vehicles)
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EuP
National
legislation
from 2007
Harmonise eco-design
– harmonised standards to be made
Marking and declaration of conformity
– will affect the CE Marking
EuP proposals published August 2003, adopted
in 2005
STATUS WEEE LEGISTLATION
Norway: Full range WEEE
system since 1999
Before 2005: Systems in
operation in about 10 countries
The WEEE Directive is now
implemented in national law in
most EU countries. In force
before 01.01.2007
Limited 1-2 year derogations for
some new member states
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GLOBAL ELECTROSCRAP PRODUCER
RESPONSIBILITY BY 2010?
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WHICH LEGISTLATION MUST
PRODUCERS COMPLY WITH?
Producers must comply with
national legislation – not the
Directives
Member State decisions on:
- legal requirements
- penalties
- enforcement authorities
Directives set the structure and
requirements for the implementation into national legislation
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AMBITIONS IN NATIONAL
LEGISLATION
RoHS
WEEE
Harmonised directive
Minimum directive
Same ambition in all
member states
More ambitious
legislation in some
countries, especially
on scope
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OBLIGATIONS FOR ALL PRODUCERS SELLING IN EUROPE
All new EEE products must
- NOT contain the six banned
substances in RoHS Directive
- be (CEN standard) marked,
+ waste info in manuals etc.
IMPORTES into Europe fulfil the
producer responsibility
Info to future treatment plants:
- hazardous components,
- to promote recycling & reuse
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PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS
IN MEMBER STATES
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WEEE PRODUCER RESPONSIBILITY
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– Product & waste flow (simplified)
New products
Waste products
producer
importer
distributor
Money to pay for
waste treatment
consumer
$
Waste treatment
Collection point
The producer/ importer must pay for the waste treatment
These costs will be part of the product’s price
The producer/ importer may choose to take care of his own products
WHAT SHALL OWNERS DO WITH
SCRAPPED EQUIPMENT?
Consumers can deliver
waste electrical and
electronic products
(WEEE) to collection
points and / or shops
Free of charge
Also collection of
business waste
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WEEE
LOGISTICS
- example
Takeback companies pick up
WEEE from shops and municipalities all over the country
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Regional points where WEEE is
sorted and stored before it is sent
to treatment plants
The takeback companies buy
services from treatment plants
(domestic and abroad)
The takeback companies check
that treatment plants perform
well. ISO 14000 certification or
EMAS are often required.
WHAT WILL THEY DO IN THE
TREATMENT PLANTS?
WEEE Annex II, incl. Guidance Document:
- Remove liquids and
hazardous components
- Send as much as
possible for reuse or
recycling, (minimum
recycling rates in the
WEEE Directive)
- Report quantities and
recycling data
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WHAT IS REQUIRED TO RUN
TREATMENT PLANTS?
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Treatment plants must be licensed by national
authorities. National decisions on how “their”
EE-waste shall be treated (minimum directive).
But many will follow the guidance document
Quality / management
systems as ISO 14000 or
EMAS are often required.
Treatment plants outside
the EU must follow the
same requirements. Export
restrictions to ensure this
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IMPACT OF WEEE SYSTEMS NORWEGIAN EXPERIENCE
COOPERATION WITH INDUSTRY
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Good cooperation in countries
with existing WEEE systems
A few systems in other countries
without producer responsibility
have now been changed
Industry organize into PRO’s Producer Responsibility Organizations. They “do the job” for
producers and importers
Often voluntary agreements
between authorities & industry
INDUSTRY & PUBLIC ATTITUDE
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Industry differs from enthusiastic
to negative. Much discussion
within- and between organizations
Distributors: Differing opinions
Environmentalists and consumer
organisations not very active
Scepticism and some frustration in
some of newer MS - this kind of
cooperation with industry appears
strange
Public positive – if they get
enough and correct information
AUTHORITITES - SUPERVISION
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Surprisingly many producers
and importers (14.000 in
Norway!)
“Free rider problem” – risk of
undermining good systems
Tough competition - small
margins – tempting to “cheat”
“Legislation testing”
Essential that authorities are
willing to stand by what they
have put into their legislation
SYSTEM COSTS & BENEFITS IN
NORWAY
Total import & production
near 10 billion € a year
System costs: 30 mill €
System costs = 0,3 % of
value. No significant effect
on product prices, but new
jobs and business
opportunities!
80-90 % collection, 15-20 kg
per capita. Directive requires
4 kg. by 2006. Treatment
standard as in directive
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EE-avfall.
Innsamlingsgrad
COLLECTION
RESULTS
– Norway
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100
90
80
70
60
Prosent
Elektronikkretur
Hvitevareretur
50
Renas
Total
40
30
20
10
0
1998,5
1999
1999,5
2000
2000,5
2001
2001,5
2002
2002,5
2003
2003,5
Norway:
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Expensive
work force
Challenging
infrastructure
SYSTEM CHALLENGES
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Effective cooperation with
industry. Use of market forces
instead of “hide and seek”
Effective WEEE collection Public information essential
“Small appliances problem”
Complicated directive text,
unclear compromises
Catch the “big fish” first
Local practical, economical
and cultural understanding
essential
WEEE systems:
It is possible
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in Norway
In Croatia
…and in the rest of the World!
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THE
NORWEGIAN
WEEE
SYSTEM
How is it organized?
Who does what?
REVISION OF NORWEGIAN WEEE
SYSTEM FROM 1999
Implement WEEE- Directive
- New treatment requirements
- Allow individual producer responsibility
- Marking, Financial guarantee
- Producer register
Implement RoHS-directive
Domestic challenge to get rid of free riders
and make the system more understandable
”Robust & simple”
”Don’t change a winning team!”
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SCOPE OF NORWEGIAN
REGULATION
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Wider than Directive: ”Everything with any
kind of electrical current” except loose
batteries and transport vehicles
Same scope for consumers and business
waste
Cooling equipment containing CFC
According to WEEE Directive Norway has to
introduce producer responsibility (costs are
now paid by municipalities)
CFC will be taken into the WEEE system, and
existing regulation deleted.
PRODUCER’S OBLIGATIONS
Be a member of a takeback system
covering the producer/importer’s products
All members of the product chain must be
members – the takeback system will share
the costs between them
Exports to other EU/EEA countries must be
reported
Distance sellers must take part in other
countries national systems
Information to consumers and professional
users (general requirement)
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THIRD PARTY CERTIFICATION
Authorities' criteria
for takeback systems
to be certified
(legal requirements)
Buying
services
Takeback
system (scheme)
Must be certified
Third
party
Document
examination.
Verification
Accreditation
Certifying
-statement
that criteria
ere met
Pollution
control
Authority
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THIRD PARTY CERTIFICATION
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Authorities' (SFT) list of criteria which must be
met by takeback systems to be certified
Annul revisions. Re certifying every 3th year
Only environmental controllers accepted as
certifying bodies in the EMAS and ISO 14000
systems can be accredited (6 such in Norway)
More efficient supervision – polluter pays
More fair regulations, lacking authorities
recourses will not undermine the system
Get rid of unserious attempts to make takeback
systems. Order and efficiency pays!
New business opportunities
HOW ARE THEY CONNECTED…
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PRODUCERS
IMPORTERS
ENVIRONMENTAL
PROTECTION
AGENCY
accredited
3rd PARTY
Certified TAKEBACK
SYSTEMS (PROs)
Domestic
treatment
plants
Abroad
treatment
plants
WEEE TREATMENT
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WEEE Directive requirements are part of criteria
for takeback systems to be certified
Treatment data also covered
Certifying body (third party) will also have to check
that all treatment facilities meet the criteria
Document examination and verifications
Treatment facilities with EMAS or ISO 14000 will
be significantly cheaper to use
County governor will licence Norwegian
facilities, but this does not include how the EE
waste is treated as long as the plant does not pollute
Export according to Basel convention
HOW ARE THEY CONNECTED…
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PRODUCERS
IMPORTERS
ENVIRONMENTAL
PROTECTION
AGENCY
accredited
3rd PARTY
collective
MUNICIPALITIES
COUNTY
GOVERNOR
Certified TAKEBACK
SYSTEMS (PROs)
individual
DDISTRIBUTORS
Domestic
treatment
plants
Abroad
treatment
plants
DRISTIBUTORS & MUNICIPALITIES
Receive EE Waste
- free of charge if household waste
- one to one base, free of charge if business
waste
Distributor will only have to receive the product
types he sells
Distributors obligation also covers distant selling
Sorting, storing an forwarding of EE-waste
Provide information for consumers. Distributors
must also provide information in shop placards,
on web sites etc.
Only obliged to deliver to collective schemes, but
may make appointments with individual ones.
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INDIVIDUALLY FINANCED
TAKEBACK SYSTEMS
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Each producer is allowed to finance treatment of
his own products (as stated in directive)
Special criteria for individually financed systems
Financial guarantee (”Pay as you go” for collective schemes)
No extra costs for tax payers, collective schemes
or for anyone else
To be certified, individual systems must show that
they’re likely to collect their scrapped products on
their own (deposits, product registers etc.)
Individually financed systems must also pay to
collective schemes, according to WEEE Directive
REGISTER OF PRODUCERS
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Collect, sum up and report import, production,
collection and treatment data
Collect export data. Inform receiving countries
Calculate supply of goods, and inform producers
& importers about their obligation, and which
takeback systems that offer relevant services
Compare members lists for certified takeback
systems with customs and tax systems import
and production data to find free riders
Inform free riders, and make free riders lists
available for the authorities (SFT)
Financial guarantee for individual schemes
Controled by SFT, paid by takeback systems
HOW ARE THEY CONNECTED…
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PRODUCERREGISTER
PRODUCERS
IMPORTERS
ENVIRONMENTAL
PROTECTION
AGENCY
accredited
3rd PARTY
collective
MUNICIPALITIES
COUNTY
GOVERNOR
Certified TAKEBACK
SYSTEMS (PROs)
individual
DDISTRIBUTORS
Domestic
treatment
plants
Abroad
treatment
plants
VOLUNTARY AGREEMENTS
Ensure that ”non profit” takeback systems
are available for all kinds of EE waste
(collectively financed schemes)
Ensure good communication between
industry organisations and authorities
Collection target: 80 per cent of generated
EE waste (already achieved)
- This goal is not linked to the legal
requirements
- Important for industry organizations to
have their own goal to motivate their
members.
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MARKING AND OTHER
REQUIREMENTS FOR NEW EE
PRODUCTS
Put into the Norwegian Product Control Act
Marking of new products according to the
WEEE Directive and coming CEN standard
Information for the treatment plants
Includes a “straight forward” implementing
of the RoHS Directive
Harmonized requirements in the whole
EU/EEA area
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HOW DO WE WORK
Close cooperation with industry and other
NGOs makes our job easier. Formal
stakeholder consultations not enough!
SFT suggestions to Ministry of Environment.
The Minster decides.
Revised regulation proclaimed in April 2005
Detailed certification criteria, including
treatment and reporting obligations
proclaimed in February 2006
Running Register of producers set out on
Public Tender. Paid by Industry
New system into force July 1st 2006
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