Transcript The Extended Producer Responsability

The European WEEE
Directive
International Seminar on Electronic Waste
World Bank – infoDev
Eric MUGNIER, Executive director
ERNST & YOUNG
Content
1
General presentation
2
Key principles
3
National implementations
4
Strengths and weaknesses
General presentation
The Extended Producer Responsability
►
EPR = Producers financially responsible for taking back their own products at end of life and for managing
them in accordance with the Directive.
1972 :
OECD’s
Polluter Pay
Principle
1994
EU Directive
on packaging
and
packaging
waste
2000
EU Directive
on End-of-life
vehicles
2002
EU WEEE
Directive
2006
EU Directive
on batteries
and
accumulators
Objectives and regulation framework for
WEEE
►
Directive on waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE-Directive EU-Directive 2002/96/EC)
► Principle of Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR)
► Environmental protection as a legal basis
► National transpositions of the Directive
►
Collection target
per pers./year
Key objectives:
►
►
►
►
►
Reduce WEEE disposal to landfill;
Improve product design;
Achieve targets for recovery, reuse and recycling;
Establishment of collection facilities and separate collection systems;
Implementation and financing by producers of systems for the recovery and
treatment of WEEE.
Reuse, recycling and
recovery objective
Scope and specifications of the WEEE
Directive
►
Virtually all electrical and electronic equipment are concerned
►
►
►
From “private households” : used by consumers or intended for professional use that may end up in the municipal waste
stream
From professionals : all other equipments
Ten categories of products covered
Key principles
Who is responsible for what ?
►
Member States:
►
►
►
►
►
►
Producers:
►
►
►
►
►
►
►
►
Setting up separate collection systems
Making collection facilities available and accessible
Achieving separate collection of 4kg/inhabitants
Ensure that treatment facilities obtain a permit
Report to the EC
Eco-design products
Provide reuse and treatment information for each type of new EEE
Set up and operate individual and/or collective take-back systems
Provide for the treatment of WEEE
Meet recovery, reuse and recycling targets
Provide for the financing of the management of WEEE from private households deposited at collection facilities
Provide for the financing of the management of WEEE from other sources
Distributors
►
Accept used appliances free of charge on a one-to-one basis
Financing
►
Producers responsible for the costs of:
► picking up waste electrical and electronic equipment from collection facilities, and
► refurbishing waste products for reuse or for recycling and recovery.
“Historical” products”
put on the market before August 13, 2005
Costs shared by all producers in existence at the time
those costs are incurred.
►
New products
put on the market after August 13, 2005
Producers have “individual responsibility” : they must
provide a “guarantee” for each product placed on the
market and pay the cost of managing their own products
Can be through programs set up by individual companies
or through participation in collective schemes.
End users other than households may be made partly or totally responsible for financing the management of historical
products (to be decided by Member States).
Labelling and visible fee
►
Every new product sold must bear a label that:
► proves it was put on the market after August 13, 2005,
► mentions that it will be separately collected, and
► indicates the name of the producer according to an EU standard.
►
Producers must provide information to consumers on:
► the collection systems available and
► on the environmental and health impacts of hazardous substances contained in waste electrical and electronic
products.
►
Producers may show a separate “visible fee” for eight years (ten years for large household appliances) on new products.
National implementations
Transposition of the WEEE Directive at
national level
►
Responsibility of the Member States to implement policies to ensure compliance with EU Directives.
► Possibility for Member States to leeway in their transposition
► Great differences between the various national legislations
►
Two alternative national implementation models in Europe:
► A monopolistic national collective system
► A competitive system with national “clearinghouse” system
Monopolistic vs competitive system
Monopolistic national collective system
?
+
-
Dominant national system responsible for collection, recycling and financing of
WEEE within national boundaries.
 General approach in the countries with established WEEE systems.
Simplest and most effective route to collecting and recycling WEEE
► Easier to achieve economies of scale
► Simple in design
►
Competitive clearing house system
National framework in which multiple partners (producers, recyclers, and waste
organizations) can provide services.
The government ensures that there is a register of producers and defines the
allocation mechanisms, reporting and monitoring systems.
Avoids a monopolistic situation and subsequently encourages cost
reduction
► Enables compliance at least cost
►
Additional costs due to managing a national clearing house,
separate collection containers, extra logistics etc.
► Different collection systems for different products can cause
consumer confusion and detract from efficiency
►
►
Does not encourage cost reduction
Major discrepancies among national
regulations
►
Collection of household WEEE
►
►
The split of responsibility for implementing separate collection (in terms of organizing or financing) varies between countries, from no
responsibility of producers (in Belgium, Great Britain, Denmark, etc.) to full responsibility (in Cyprus, Estonia, Finland, Latvia, Poland, etc.)
Take-back and recycling of household WEEE
►
►
Most of Member States followed terms of the directive 2002/96/CE as regards the responsibility of take-back and recycling of household WEEE
using the distinction between “historical” and “new” waste
Denmark, France, UK, Greece and Slovenia have settled a responsibility for the financing according to the market share of the producer
disregarding the date of placing on the market of the equipment.
Recycling of professional WEEE
►
►
All Member States except Slovakia followed terms of directives as regards to the responsibility of producers for the recycling of “new” professional
WEEE
For professional “historical” waste, solutions deviate more
►
►
►
In most of countries producers have the obligation of financing management costs only if the appliance is replaced by a similar new one.
In Germany, Flanders, France and Latvia, producers do not have any take-back responsibility or financing for the historical WEEE even in case of replacement by
a new one. The end-user (the consumer) supports the cost.
Visible fee
►
The display of the visible fee is authorised (or “tolerated”) in all Members States except Cyprus, Spain and France, where it is mandatory.
Strengths and weaknesses of the WEEE Directive
Strenghts and Weaknesses of the WEEE
regulation
Weaknesses
Strengths
►
►
►
►
Achievable targets
Revision of targets to
Visible fee
Choice of compliance either individually or
collectively
►
►
Discrepancies among European regulations
Lack of enforcement
Proposed revisions for improvement of the
WEEE Directive
►
Proposed revisions to the WEEE launched in 2008 in order to:
►
►
►
►
►
►
Simplify definitions to harmonize national legislation
Increase efficiency and effectiveness of collected WEEE
Eliminate unnecessary costs
Reduce administrative burdens
Increase coherency with newer policies and legislation covering chemicals
Set minimum inspection requirements for Member States to strengthen the enforcement of the directive and
include minimum monitoring requirements for shipping WEEE (exports/imports)
Contact
Eric MUGNIER – Ernst & Young
[email protected]
+33 1 46 93 82 58