Transcript Les perspectives de la production de l’ йnergie electrique

Prof. E.P. Volkov,
Director
of Power Engineering Institute (ENIN)
Moscow,
Russia
Technology of thermal
processing of organic-containing
raw materials.
Unit with solid heat carrier (UTT).
Russian technology of pyrolysis —
development and maintenance
Baltic Sea
Technology of oil shale pyrolysis
was successfully mastered
and introduced in industrial scales
at the unit UTT-500
processing 500 t of oil shale per day
and that at the unit
UTT-3000
processing 3000 t per day.
Narva
Russia
Two units UTT-3000 were put into operation in 1987 at the Power plant at
city Narva, Estonia (in the time of former USSR).
It demonstrate successful experience of thermal processing of Baltic oil
shales as well as of waste automobile tires, solid and liquid organic waste in
a mixture with oil shale.
The result is the obtaining of high calorific liquid and gaseous fuels as well
as the very valuable chemical products.
2
Unit UTT-3000
in city Narva for thermal processing of oil shales
Two units UTT-3000
in Narva take up to now
the leading place in the world
as to the quality
of oils and gas
obtained from oil shale,
ecological indicators and
economic efficiency.
General view
3
Schematic diagram of thermal processing of Baltic oil shale.
Unit UTT-3000
to atmosphere
9
7
12
oil shale
steam
8
2
steam-gas
mixture
gas
13
6
1
water
11
10
air
3
shale oil heavy,
middle and light
fractions
5
4
ash
1 – aero-fountain air spray drier, 2 – dry shale cyclone, 3 – mixer,
4 – drum reactor, 5 – dust separator, 6 – aero-fountain furnace, 7 – flow separator,
8 – heat carrier cyclone, 9 – ash cyclone,
10 – recovery boiler, 11 – ash heat exchanger, 12 - filter
4
Unit UTT-3000
for thermal processing of oil shales

The main advantage of pyrolysis by means of units UTT is
a possibility of oil shale processing
of any fractional composition and quality
Only the oils shales with calorific value lower than 2.9 MJ/kg
require the supply of additional fuel for processing that is
necessary for supporting the pyrolysis process.
For reference:
Heat of combustion of Baltic oil shales for
Estonia and
Leningradskaya region
of Russia is
8,37 MJ/kg
5
Baltic oil shales
6
Unit UTT-3000 in city Narva for thermal processing
of oil shales
Is in operation since 1989  more than 14 years
View of
the section
for thermal
decomposition
7
Unit UTT-3000 in city Narva for thermal processing
of oil shales
Rotating
drum reactor
8
Unit UTT-3000 has the following advantages:

 The heat of combustion gas obtained after pyrolysis in units UTT is in
2.5-3.0 times more than in the plants of other countries.
So, the calorific value of pyrolysis gas after the processing of oil shale
of Leningradskoye deposits is 42,2 MJ/kg.
 The gas obtained in the units UTTs represents the marketable product
- a fuel for gas turbines, while in other technologies the considerable part of
gas is used in the cycle itself for combustion in the reactor.
 The utilization of ash instead of gas for pyrolysis increases the
efficiency of inits up to 84-89%, while the efficiency doesn’t exceed
65% for the majority of plants of other types.
 The total efficiency of cleaning of gas-vapor mixture in
cyclones achieves 99,5%. Owing to it, the content of dust doesn’t exceed
1.0-1.5% even in the heavy fractions of oil shale.
 The inits UTT-3000 process the waste automobile tires in a
mixture with oil shale. The processing of grounds saturated by oil products
(for example, because of accidents during transportation)
is also technically possible and was confirmed in practice.
9
Scheme of steam-gas unit with
recovery boiler
1 - compressor of gas turbine
2 - combustion chamber for gaz afterUTT
3 - Combustion chamber for GF
( gasoil fraction )
4 - gas turbine
5 - electric generator
6 - recovery boiler
7 - steam turbine
8 - electric generator
9 - condenser
10 – condensate pump
11 - deaerator
12 – feed pump
13 – drum separator of high pressure
14 – circulating high-pressure pump
15 – drum separator of low pressure
16 – circulating low-pressure pump
10
Main characteristics of oil shale fractions obtained in the units
UTT.
Oil shales of Leningradskoye deposit
Fractions of
shale oil
Density,
kg/m3
(for
20°C)
Elementary composition in maximum,
%
sulfur
water
ash
Mechanical
admixtures
Heat
value,
MJ/kg
%
evaporation in the
end of
boiling
Total shale oil
9501000
0.8
0.3
0.1
0.15
38
64
Heavy oil
10501100
0.6
1.0
0.8
1.0
36.5
60
Middle oil
1010
0.8
0.3
0.1
0,15
37.4
70
Diesel oil (fuel
for gas
turbine)
925
0.8
0.1
0.015
0,02
38.4
85
Petroleum
fraction
810825
1.0
0.1
abs
abs
41.2
90
11
Calculated indices gas turbine cogeneration plant
(steam-gas plant - SGP ) on the basis of CHP and UTT.
Compane-producing the gas turbine plants (GTP)
Index
Westinhouse
ABB
Siemens
GE
LMZ
Type of’ gas turbine
plants (GTP)
W251
GT 8C
V64.3
GE6101
GTE-45
Number of GTP in
SGP
2
2
2
4
2
182.2
190.0
205.5
185.0
154.3
73.4
77.4
85.2
2Ч37.5
59.4
48.5
52.1
61.65
2Ч25.9
40.4
47.3
48.9
49.4
42.4
42.1
Power of CHP as a
complex, MW
Power of SGP with
gas after UTT, MW
Power of GTP on the
gas after UTT, MW
Efficiiency, %
*LMZ – Leningradsky Metal Works, Russia
12
Marketable products, which can be obtained in the energy-technological
complex on the basis of heat power plant (CHP)
UTT-3000 with steam gas (gas turbine cogeneration) plant
(variant of gas turbines of company ABB)
Electric energy 969 million kWh/year
Total cost of marketable products is
72.77 million $ / year
Marketable products,
million ton per year




100
Diesel oil
Petroleum fraction
Liquid boiler fuel (mixture of heavy and middle fractions of shail oil)
Liquid boiler fuel, obtained by processing waste automobile tires
26,1
61,5
171,5
13
Characteristics of gas obtained in UTT
from the oil shales Leningradskoye deposit
Content of hydrogen sulfide
Content of sulfur
Content of hydrocarbon
Density
Low calorific value
Output of gas per
1 ton of oil shale
H2
CO
CH4
C2H6
C3H6
C3H8
C4H8
C4H10
(O2 + N)
H2S<0,2
…..3.2 g/nm3
…..2.86 g/nm3 ; 0.249% (mass)
…..25.0 g/nm3
…..1.148 kg/m3
…..42.2 MJ/kg; 48.44 MJ/m3
.….41.0 kg/t; 35.71 nm3/t
Composition of dry gas obtained in
UTT, % vol.
7,6
4,8 2,3 1,2
19
9,5
14,3
10,7
16,7
14
Financial and commercial efficiency of energy-technological complex
on the basis of UTT-3000
(variant de ABB gas turbines).
Oil shales of Leningradskoye deposit
Capacity:
2500 thousand ton of oil sahle per year
Output of products: 250 thousand of shale oil from the processes oil shale
plus 100 thous. tonn of oil from processed rubber products
Price of oil shale………5 $/t
Tarif on electricity….....3 cent/kWh
100
80
Conditions of financing
capital
d'emprunt
 Rate of interest …….…9%
 Postponement of
payment.......................…15 ans
 Privileged
postponement........…….. 3 ans
%
60
40
20
0
Conditions of crediting
capital-actions
ressources
budgetaires
Capital investments…….189 million $
Duration of construction…....3 years
Rate of profit…..……………………………………………19.42%
Discounted net profit……….……………………………100.0 millions $
Payback peiod after putting into operation..……………5 years
15
Main applications of products obtained from shale oil
and gas during the pyrolysis of oil shales
 Thiophene
 Benzene
 Toluene
 Albichtene
 Ichtyol
 chemistry
 medicine
 agriculture
 Plactisizer
 Souftener
 Technical
sulfur
 Sodium
thiosulfate
 etc.
 veterinary medicine
 Electric industry
et optics
 pharmacology
16
Dyes
Sodium
ichtyol — for
obtained from thiophene — for
dyeing the cotton, wool, rayon
etc.
production of
creoline used in
veterinary
medicine
Applications
Medical ichtyol
— for desinfection
in the treatment of
skin and mucous
membranes
Examples :
Technical sulfur
— for wood pulp and
paper industry
Albichtene — as an
antiseptics in production of
articles for tropical zones
17
Kerogene composition for oil shales of different deposits
Composition of kerogene
of oil shail
Deposit
C
H
O
S
Pribaltyiskoye (Estonia)
77.3
9.8
11.2
1.7
Leningradskoye (Russia)
77.7
9.8
11.3
1.2
Kashpirskoye (Russia)
61.1
7.3
23.8
7.8
Kenderlikskoye (Uzbekistan)
73.8
8.4
17.8
Boltyshskoye (Ukraine)
68.0
9.3
18.3
1.9
Timakhdi (Morocco)
70.5
9.3
12.4
7.8
Green-River (USA)
80.9
11.4
6.9
0.8
Nerke (Sweden)
69.5
7.7
16.8
6.0
Lotiani (Scotland)
63.0
10.1
26.2
0.7
Render (Australia)
63.1
7.9
28.3
0.7
Irati (Brazil)
68.1
10.3
17.9
3.7
Rotem (Israel)
65.0
7.0
15.4
10.7
18
Yield of semicoking products from the oil shales
of different deposits
Yield of semicoking producs, % in
combustible mass
Deposit
tar
water
semicoke
gas
Pribaltyiskoye (Estonia)
65.0
5.4
13.6
16.0
Leningradskoye (Russia)
Kashpirskoye (Russia)
63.2
26.6
5.5
10.8
15.2
37.1
16.1
25.5
Kenderlikskoye (Uzbekistan)
49.7
11.9
22.8
15.8
Boltyshskoye (Ukraine)
43.3
15.3
28.1
13.3
Timakhdi (Maroc)
40.7
5.2
21.5
32.6
Green-River (USA)
66.9
8.4
7.9
16.8
Nerke (Sweden)
26.0
17.0
30.5
24.5
Lotiani (Scotland)
41.0
11.0
37.0
15.0
Render (Australia)
62.2
1.4
27.7
8.7
Irati (Brazil)
40.9
9.8
34.1
15.2
Rotem (Israel)
37.1
20.9
24.0
17.9
19
Advancing the Russian UTT technology
of oil shale processing
to a number of countries
to involve national oil shale deposits in power industries
 Israeli electric company and company OSE (city
Edelsburg).
Deposit Rotem.
 Ministry of Natural Resources of Jordan.
Deposit El-Ladjun.
 Ministry of Natural Resources of Morocco.
Deposits Timakhdit, Tarfaya.
The negotiations with foreign companies were positive,
the protocols of intents were concluded.
20
Potential partners
Lurgi-Rurgas,
Germany
Tasiuk,
Australia
Tosco,
USA
Petrosix,
Brasil
Factory
of shale oil,
Estonia
21