Transcript Document
O. ŞAHİN
İÖP-1
1090610178
İngilizce’de isimler countable (sayılabilen), uncountable(sayılamayan) olmak
üzere ikiye ayrılırlar.
Sayılabilir isimleri rakamlarla ifade edebiliriz:
A cat, a pen, two houses, etc.
Sayılamayan isimlerse;katı, sıvı, gaz, toz vb maddelerdir:
rice, sugar,butter
furniture, luggage
milk, water, soda
electricity, gas, power
Soyut kavramları karşılayan isimler de sayılamazlar:
music, art, love, happiness
luck, chance, honesty
wealth, health, news
education, anger confidence
Countable (Sayılabilen) İsimler
Countable nouns are things that we can count:
dog, cat,animal,man, person
bottle, box litre
coin, note, dollar
table, chair, suitcase
cup, plate, fork
Countable nouns can be singular or plural:
My dog is playing.
My dogs are hungry.
We can use indefinite article a/an with countables:
A dog is an animal.
I have a brother.
An insect can be very little.
I’ve got a professional camera.
When a countable noun singular, we must use a word
like a/the/my/this:
I want an orange. (not I want orange)
Where is my bottle? (not where is bottle?)
A dog is an animal. (not dog is animal)
When a countable noun is plural, we can use it alone:
I like horses.
Bottles can break.
Computer games can affect children.
Families are most important in Turkish culture.
We can use some and any with countable nouns:
I’ve got some dollars.
Have you got any pencils?
I don’t like any kind of animals.
Some birds don’t fly.
We can use a few and many with countable nouns:
I’ve got a few dollars.
I haven’t got many pencils.
I have to do many homeworks.
A few students are absent in class today.
Uncountable (sayılamayan) isimler
Uncountable nouns are substances, concepts etc that we cannot
divide into seperate elements.
We cannot count them:
For example, we cannot count “milk”
• We can count “ bottles of milk” or “litres of milk”.
• But we cannot count “milk” itself.
Here are the some more uncountable nouns:
furniture, fruit, jewellery ,weaponry
meat, cheese butter, bread, ice
milk, beer, wine, soup, blood
pollution, air, steam, oxygen
salt, sugar, pepper, rice, wheat, corn,etc.
We usually treat uncountable nouns as singular.
We use a singular verb. For example:
• This news is vey important.
• Your luggage looks heavy.
• This money is yours.
• The scenery along the Bosphorus is magnificient.
We do not usually use the indefinite article a/an with
uncountable nouns.
We cannot say “an information” or “a music”.
But we can say a something of:
• a piece of news
• a bottle of water
• a grain of rice
We can use some and any with uncountable nouns.
I’ve got some money.
I haven’t got any rice.
I don’t use any sugar with my tea.
I haven’t got any idea about this problem.
We need some flour for making cake.
We can use a little and much with uncountables.
I have got a little money.
I haven’t got much rice.
Can you give me a little sugar, please!
I haven’t got much furniture.
Uncountable nouns seperate into some categories.
Nouns denoting whole groups made up of similar items:
•
baggage/luggage, clothing, food, fruit
• furniture, jewellery, junk, equipment
• machinery, postage, scenery, traffic,
• money,ammunition, weaponry, etc.
Substances
Solids: bread, ice, glass, iron, silver, etc.
Fluids: water, milk, soup, blood, oil, etc.
Gases: pollution, air, oxygen, etc.
Particles: flour, dirt, dust, sand, wheat, etc.
Abstract nouns
advice, anger, assitance, behaviour, conduct, courage,
education, employment, evidence, fun, happiness, health,
help, honesty, hospitality, importance, intelligence,
information, knowledge, justice, laughter, luck, music,
patience, peace, poetry, pride, progress, truth, etc.
The other uncountable nouns
Gerunds (İsim fiiller):
Swimming (yüzme)
Diving (dalma)
Running (koşma)
Cooking (yemek pişirme)
Recreation(Etkinlik):
Chess (satranç)
Tennis (tenis)
Football (futbol)
Basketball (basketbol)
Languages (Diller):
Turkish (Türkçe)
English (İngilizce)
German (Almanca)
Portuguese (Portekizce)
Fields
of study (Çalışma alanları):
History (tarih)
Literature (edebiyat)
Psychology (psikoloji)
Chemistry (kimya)
Natural phenomena (Doğa olayları):
Fog(sis)
Hail (dolu)
Lightning (yıldırım)
Rain (yağmur)
Snow (kar)
Nouns that can be countable and uncountable
There are two hairs in my coffee. (countable)
I don’t have much hair. (uncountable)
There are two lights in my bedroom. (countable)
Close the curtain. There’s too much ligth. (uncountable)
Have you got a paper to read? (countable)
I want to draw a picture. Have you got some paper?
(uncountable)
Our house has seven rooms. (countable)
Is there room for me to sit here? (uncountable)
We had a great time at the party. (countable)
Have you got time for a coffee? (uncountable)
Macbeth is one of Shakespeare’s greatest works. (countable)
I have no money. I need work!
Experience:
It’s difficult to get a job without experience.(=deneyim,
uncountable)
We had some wonderful experiences on our trip. (olay, countable)
Noise:
Noise is a kind of pollution too. (=gürültü, uncountable)
We heard a loud noise down the river. (=ses, countable)
Glass:
There may be some glass on the floor, because the window got
broken. (=cam, uncountable)
We need some more glasses for the party. (=bardak countable)