Transcript POF Basics - Reichle & De

Qualified Partner Program
Fiber Optic Cables basics - GOF, HCS and POF
Felice Guarna, Training Program Manager
Wetzikon, January 2006
Agenda
 Cable structure
 Primary coating and buffers
 Armouring
 Outer jacket
 GOF cables
 HCS cables
 PMMA cables
Jan. 2006
Fiber Optic Cables / Page 2
Cable structure
• Fiber is mechanically weak
• Cable adds protection and prevents physical damage during installation and use.
• Combination and quantity of protections and material as well as construction are
strictly dependent on cable environment
Indoor
Outdoor
- Ducts
- Trays
- Building raiser
- Plastic pipes
- Raised floors
- Plenum (US)
- Empty pipes
- Ducts
- Trays
- Direct burial
- Aerial
Jan. 2006
Fiber Optic Cables / Page 3
F.O. cable construction generalities
Fiber
Secondary Coating
(Buffer)
Fiber Optic Cable
Outer jacket
Armouring
Jan. 2006
Fiber Optic Cables / Page 4
The optical fibers we are considering
PMMA
Polimetilmetalcrilate
Jan. 2006
HCSF
Hard Clad Silica Fiber
GOF
Glass Optical Fiber
Fiber Optic Cables / Page 5
Seconday coating (buffer types)
Tight Buffer
A thermoplastic material is extruded
tight on one fiber or around several
fibers. They are called ribbons.
Semi-Tight Buffer
Loosely buffered with a few µm of
interspaces.
Optical Fiber
Tight Sheath
Gel-like Compound or dry
Optical Fiber
Loose Sheath
Jan. 2006
Fiber Optic Cables / Page 6
Buffer types
Single Loose Tube
Tube with one fiber.
Loose sheath with some hundreds of
millimeters of inner space.
Loose tube (2 – 4 mm)
Loose sheath/tube with 2 - 24 optical
fibers.
The hollow space is filled with a gel.
Gel-like Compound or dry
Optical Fiber
Loose Sheath
Gel-like Filling Compound
Optical Fiber
Loose Sheath
Jan. 2006
Fiber Optic Cables / Page 7
Buffer characteristics
Single loose
Multi loose
tube
tube


n/a
0 – 2 cm
0 – 50 cm
n/a
n/a
GOF




PMMA-POF


n/a
n/a
Perfluorinated POF
n/a
n/a


HCS

n/a
n/a

Direct connector mounting
stripping
Jan. 2006
Tight
Semi tight

Fiber Optic Cables / Page 8
Armoring
Depending on the environment (in or outdoor) the armouring can vary:
Aramid yarn
for pulling and crushing strength
Glass yarn
for pulling strength and crush
rodent protection
Water blocking tape/gel
resists longitudinal water intrusion
Corrugated steel tape
rodent protection
chemical resistant
Jan. 2006
Fiber Optic Cables / Page 9
Outer jacket protections
The armoring and sheath material are designed to protect the fiber from the
following effects
Mechanical
Thermal
IEC60794-1
IEC60794-1
Tensile force
Heat
Water
Abrasion
Cold
Gas
Impact
Shock
Fuels
Chemical
Acids
The material also influences easy handling and flexibility for specific application
such as bending, torsion, flexing, kink, repeated bending
Jan. 2006
Fiber Optic Cables / Page 10
Outer jacket material properties
Material properties
PE
PA
PVC
FRNC
PUR
Halogen free














Flame retardant







Fuels


Petroleum


Alcohol


Oxidants

acids



Low smoke, corrosive gases
Abrasion resistance

Elasticity

Water absorption






















Please note: depending on the recipe of the material the properties may change.
Jan. 2006
Fiber Optic Cables / Page 11
Outer jacket material fire and environmental
properties (FRNC, LSOH, LSZH)
In case of a fire the material should not spread fire and should not emit toxic and
corrosive gas to protect first people and then equipment.
Flame retardant
Self extinguishing when source IEC 60332-1 (Single cable)
of fire is removed
IEC 60332-3 (Bundle)
Smoke density
Smoke density as a function of IEC61034
light density
Visibility
Halogen gas formation
Halogen free - no toxicity or
IEC 60754-1
acid gas
Circuit integrity under fire
Data transmission during a
IEC60331-25
period of time under fire
conditions
Jan. 2006
Fiber Optic Cables / Page 12
GOF cables
Glass optical fiber
Fiber primary coating and color coding
Primary Coating
 250m
Cladding
 125m
Fiber Core
 x m (x = 9, 50, 62.5)
Color codes for fiber and buffer
• Each fiber in a cable is individually marked.
• Country or manufacturer specific color coding order
Jan. 2006
Fiber Optic Cables / Page 14
DIN coding for fiber optic indoor Cables
Position
Code
Notes
Position
Code
Notes
1
I-
Indoor cable
7
n/
Field Ø (µm) at SM
Core Ø (µm) at MM
2
V
buffered fiber (tight or
semi-tight buffered )
8
n
cladding diameter (µm)
9
n
attenuation (dB/km)
10
B
F
F
H
850 nm at MM
1300 nm at MM
1310 nm at SM
1550 nm at SM
11
n
Dispersion (ps/nm x km)
at single-mode fiber;
Bandwidth
(MHz/km) at multi-mode fiber
12
LG
W
D
air tube
loose tube
3
(ZN)
non-metallic strength member
4
Y
H
PVC-jacket
jacket of halogen-free, flame-retardant
material
5
n bzw.
nxm
Number of fiber or number of
loose tubes x no. of fiber per tube
6
E
G
single-mode fiber (glass/glass)
multi-mode fiber (glass/glass)
Jan. 2006
Layer-stranding
Fiber Optic Cables / Page 15
DIN coding for fiber optic outdoor cables
Position
Code
Notes
1
A-
Outdoor cable
2
(ZS)
metallic strength member in the center
3
W
D
air tube
Loose tube
4
S
metallic twisting element
5
F
filling compound in the void
6
2Y
(L)2Y
(ZN)2Y
7
PE-jacket
Composite layer sheath of Al-tape and PE
PE-jacket with nonmetallic strain relief
elements
(L)(ZN)2Y Aluminum tape and PE with nonmetallic
strain relief elements
B
BY
B2Y
Amour
Amour with PVC-jacket
Amour with PE-jacket
Jan. 2006
Position
Code
Notes
8
n or
nxm
Number of fiber or number of
loose tubes x no. of fiber per tube
(e.g. 6x4... )
9
E
G
Single-mode fiber pure silica
Multi-mode fiber pure silica
10
n
Field diameter (µm) at SM
Core diameter (µm) at MM
11
n
cladding diameter (µm)
12
n
attenuation (dB/km)
B
F
F
H
wavelength
850 nm at MM
1300 nm at MM
1310 nm at SM
1550 nm at SM
13
14
n
Dispersion (ps/nm x km)
at single-mode fiber; Bandwidth
(MHz/km) at multi-mode fibers
15
LG
BD
u
Layer-stranding
Unit stranding
Fiber Optic Cables / Page 16
Non stranding
Mini-Breakout cable
 Distribution cable
 Easy direct connector mounting
 Small dimension
 flexible
Outer sheath
Armoring/strength members
Tight or semi-tight buffer (up to 900µm)
Fiber
Jan. 2006
Fiber Optic Cables / Page 17
Full-breakout cable
 Patch Cord
 Distribution cable
 Direct connector mounting
Zipcord
Figure-0
 Strain relieve for individual fiber
Outer sheath
Armoring/strength members
Tight or semi-tight buffer (up to 900µm)
Fiber
Jan. 2006
Fiber Optic Cables / Page 18
Loose tube cable
Tube with up to 24 fibers (250µm)
Strength members
Outer sheath
Corrugated steel tape
Tube with up to 24 fibers (250µm)
Strength members
Outer sheath
Jan. 2006
Fiber Optic Cables / Page 19
Stranded loose tube cable
Tube with up to 24 fibers (250µm)
Several layers of tubs for 432 fibers
Central strength member
Strength members
Outer sheath
Jan. 2006
Fiber Optic Cables / Page 20
Aerial cables (figure 8 design)
Steel suspension wire
Tubes with fibers (250µm)
Central strength member
Outer sheath
Installation load should be calculated.
Wind, ice and snow load as well as possible electrical fields should be considered
during planning.
Jan. 2006
Fiber Optic Cables / Page 21
Aerial cables (all dielectric, self supporting - ADSS-design)
Tubes with fibers (250µm)
Central strength member
Strength member
Outer sheath
Installation load should be calculated.
Wind, ice and snow load as well as possible electrical fields should be considered
during planning.
Jan. 2006
Fiber Optic Cables / Page 22
Metallic cables
 Aerial cable
 Aerial ground wire
Stainless steel loose tube
Fibers
Aldrey, steel or ACS wires
Installation load should be calculated.
Wind, ice and snow load as well as possible electrical fields should be considered
during planning.
Jan. 2006
Fiber Optic Cables / Page 23
PCF cables
Polymer clad fiber
POF (Plastic Optical Fiber) terminology
PMMA
PROCESS
PCF
traditional
perfluorinated
Core
Acrylic
Acrylic
Glass
Cladding
Fluorinated
Polyperfluoro
butenylvinylether
Fluorinated
Plasma
extrusion
Jan. 2006
OVD draw
extrusion
Fiber Optic Cables / Page 25
Cables
Basically similar or same construction as GOF
Larger core
Simplex and Duplex figure 8 or round cable
Loose tube
Applications
Medical
Laser surgery
Angioplasty
Lithotripsy
Urology
Dermatology
Photodynamic therapy
Jan. 2006
Industrial/Scientific
Spectroscopy
Remote illumination
Sensors
Thomson scattering
Fiber Optic Cables / Page 26
PMMA plastic optical fiber
Plastic optical fiber
Index profiles
PMMA Step Index
PMMA Graded Index
core = Constant
refractive index
Core = several layer of
material with different
refractive indexes
Jan. 2006
Perfluorinated Polymer
Graded index
Core = parabolic index
Fiber Optic Cables / Page 28
Overview - POF (PMMA and perfluorinated)
Index profile Type of fiber
Core Ø
NA
Attenuation
SI-POF (PMMA) 980µm
180dB/km
Bandwidth
~ 50 MHz . 100m
SI-POF low NA
980µm
0.5
0.3
DSI-POF
980µm
0.3
180dB/km
~ 100 MHz . 100m
0.2
200dB/km
~1.5 GHz . 100m
0.3
50dB/km
~ 3 GHz . 100m
GI-POF (PMMA)
980µm
500µm
~ 100 MHz . 100m
62.5/245
GI-POF (PF)
120/450
200/490
Jan. 2006
Fiber Optic Cables / Page 29
Step Index polymer optical fiber (SI-POF)
Core Ø
980 μm
Cladding Ø
1000 μm
Attenuation
180 dB/km
Bandwidth
10 MHz . 100m (100 MHz . 100m)
Wavelength
650nm
N.A.
0.5 (Low N.A. 0.3)
Ader
tight buffer
Advantage
easy, fast and inexpensive connection technology
commercially available (Mitsubishi, Toray, Fuji, Optimedia)
Disadvantage
high attenuation, low bandwidth
Jan. 2006
Fiber Optic Cables / Page 30
Attenuation spectra of PMMA fiber
„Light“
Jan. 2006
Wavelength Attenuation
nm
dB/km
red
650
180
amber
570
66
green
520
73
Fiber Optic Cables / Page 31
Multistep Index Plastic Optical Fiber (GI-POF)
Core Ø
900 μm
Cladding Ø
1000 μm
Attenuation
180 dB/km
Bandwidth
100 MHz . km
Wavelength
650nm
Cable
tight buffer
Advantage
easy, fast and inexpensive connection technology
commercially available (Mitsubishi, Fuji, Optimedia)
Disadvantage
high attenuation
Jan. 2006
Fiber Optic Cables / Page 32
Graded Index Plastic Optical Fiber (GI-POF)
Core Ø
120 μm
Cladding Ø
500 μm
Attenuation
50 dB/km
Bandwidth
1000 MHz*km
Wavelength
1330nm
Cable
loose buffer (extra strength members)
Advantage
low attenuation, high bandwidth
Disadvantage
termination, expensive, similar to GOF
commercially not available (Asahi, Nexans, Chromis)
Jan. 2006
Fiber Optic Cables / Page 33
Attenuation spectra of perfluorinated POF
„Light“
infrared
Jan. 2006
Wavelength Attenuation
nm
dB/km
850
20
1300
50
Fiber Optic Cables / Page 34
Plastic optical fiber
IEC 60793-2-4 – Specification for category A4 multimode fiber
A4a A4b A4c A4d A4e
A4f
A4g
A4h
Core Ø (µm)
*
*
*
*
500
200
120
62.5
Cladd Ø (µm)
1000
750
500
1000
750
490
490
245
NA
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.30
0.25
0.19
0.19
0.19
Buffered
yes
yes
yes
yes
no
no
no
no
cabled
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
650
650
650
650
650
Operating
wavelength (nm)
650, 850, 1300 650, 850, 1300
850, 1300
* Typically 15 to 35 µm smaller than the cladding diameter
Jan. 2006
Fiber Optic Cables / Page 35
Simplex and Duplex cables (PMMA fiber)
Tight buffer
Core
Cladding
Tight Buffer
Tightly buffered with a thermoplastic
material.
PMMA POF - Step Index, Multistep, Graded
Index
Tight buffer
Core
Cladding
Jan. 2006
Fiber Optic Cables / Page 36
Duplex cables (perfluorinated fiber)
Single loose tube
Outer sheath
lose buffer
Loose sheath with air cap (µm up to
mm). Dry – no gel
Perfluorinated POF
Graded Index
Core
Cladding
Strength member
Jan. 2006
Fiber Optic Cables / Page 37
Cable for harsh environment (PMMA fibers)
Outer sheath
Filling element
Tight Buffer
Tight buffer
Tightly buffered with a thermoplastic
material.
Core
PMMA POF - Step Index, Multistep, Graded
Index
Cladding
Strength
member
Jan. 2006
Outer sheath and strength members
e.g. PUR outer sheath and aramid yarns for
drag chain and harsh industrial
environments
Fiber Optic Cables / Page 38