Transcript Unit Six - 欢迎访问同济大学主页

Unit Five
Objectives:

1. grasp the main idea and structure of the text;
 2. learn how to use comparison and contrast in
expository writing as well as transitional devices in
the text;
 3. master the key language points and grammatical
structures in the text;
 4. conduct a series of reading, listening, speaking and
writing activities related to the theme of the unit.
Time allotment:
1st & 2nd
periods
3rd & 4th
periods
5th & 6th
periods
7th &
periods
Pre-reading:
questions, class
activity
While-reading:
structure,
main idea,
While-reading:
language points,
understanding of the
text, Fast-Reading
Post-reading:
guiding through Ss’
after-text exercises
Checking on Ss’
home reading (Text
B)
Theme-Related
Language Learning
Tasks
Fast-Reading
(Unit5-B1);
practical-Exercise
Book (Unit5)
writing techniques
(Unit5-A1)
8th
Questions to Answer
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What do you know about the American Civil War?
How many people died in the war?
How long did the war last?
What do you know about Jefferson Davis and
Abraham Lincoln?
Who won the American Civil War? Why did it win
the war?
Class Activity

1) Ss divide into groups of 4-5.
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2) Each group will list several reasons for one
country, etc. to begin a war.
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3) Ss give brief reports to the class .
Structures and Main ideas
Part One (Para 1-2 ):
The Appomattox meeting brought the
Civil War to its virtual end
Part Two (Para 3-12):
How Grant and Lee differed in
background , sense of allegiance, etc.
Part Three (Para 13-16):
What were the qualities they had in
common.
exposition

Exposition is a form of writing in which a
physics, a natural or social phenomenon, or
applications of a new discovery, etc. is explained
or expounded. The main aim of such writing is to
give knowledge or information.
 An expository paragraph or text generally has a
topic sentence. The explanatory sentences that
follow it are of several types: example,
comparison, classification, etc.
Cultural Notes:

Confederacy:
the 11 southern states that left the Union in 1861 to
from a new nation. This caused the American Civil
War. The President of the Confederate States was
Jefferson Davis and their capital city was first
Montgomery, Alabama and later Richmond, Virginia.
The Confederate States, in their order of leaving the
Union, were South Carolina, Mississippi, Florida,
Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, Texas, Virginia,
Arkansas, Tennessee and North Carolina.
click
Ulysses S. Grant
(1822-1885): the general who
commanded the US Army
during the Civil War and later
became the 18th President of
the US.
Click for more information
Robert E. Lee
click
(1807-1870): the leader of the
armies of the Confederate
States during the American
Civil War. He was respected
for his honor and kindness.
Language Study:
 1.
In effect: in fact, although perhaps
not appearing so
 So in effect the government have lowered
taxes for the rich and raised them for the
poor.
 The committee agreed to what was in
effect a reduction in the hourly wage.
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2. Poignant: deeply moving, highly emotional ;
producing a sharp feeling of sadness
We somehow feel more there, as if we are
momentarily transported to a universe where the colors
are more brilliant, the sounds more vibrant and pure,
the emotions at once more powerful and poignant.
A most poignant example is North Korea, where it is
prepared to accept a war with the US and fight to the
finish with its small number of missiles and a couple
of them nuclear-tipped.

3. embody: represent
 She is exactly the woman to do away every
prejudice of such a man as the Admiral, for she he
would describe, if indeed he has now delicacy of
language enough to embody his own ideas.
 Having done this at once, for fear of accident, I
obtained her ladyship's permission to embody her
recent instructions in a second Will.
 But in our times, America cannot and must not
disentangle itself from the world. If we want the
world to embody our shared values, then we must
assume a shared responsibility.
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4. hazy: indistinct
 From that moment, everything seemed to make
perfect sense to me. The people in the cafe and
the busy street outside all disappeared into a hazy
blur. All I could see was you.
 Starting to head back to town, evening was
approaching and the area's natural beauty
enhanced. Many peaks became silhouettes in the
hazy sky. They were reflected in the calm waters
of fishponds adjacent to a wide green carpet of
maturing rice.
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5. Solemn: deeply earnest; serious; grave;
formal
 The early Christians wanted to keep the birthday
of their Christ child a solemn and religious
holiday, not one of cheer and merriment as was
the pagan Saturnalia.

Tiantan is set in a 267-hectare (660-acre) park,
with four gates at the cardinal points, and walls to
the north and east. It originally functioned as a
vast stage for solemn rites and rituals.
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6. To a fault: to an exceptional degree

This place has truly deteriorated since he came,
and yet he is thick-skinned enough to stay despite
all the disruptions his presence has caused,
because of his selfishness to a fault.
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News of the accident brought the party to a halt.
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7. The hard way: in the most difficult way, at
a great cost
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As for the Democracy here, in whatever form it is
here. it is acceptable by the citizens and it was
earned the hard way.
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A railroad overpass was temporarily shut down
near Java late Tuesday afternoon when a semi
driver found out the hard way that his vehicle
was too big to travel under the bridge.
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8. Surge: a sudden forward movement; a sudden
occurrence
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There is also speculation that warmer weather will
bring a surge of malaria or bacterial diseases to
hotter areas of the world, potentially devastating
human health.
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But retailers, expecting a surge of calls from
customers anyway, still dread the yearly ritual.
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9. Implicit: undeclared, unexpressed
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For as long as I can remember, I've had this
implicit sense of a relationship between
letters and colors. To me, every letter seems
to have a color of its own.
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While my data may not be copyrightable, I
certainly do not have to give it away. Data
is an asset with an implicit value.
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10. Groove: a settled rooutine that is hard to
escape
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The medicine stops the virus by fitting into a
groove on its surface.
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It might take a few hundreds years to smooth the
grooves, but in the end our nation has a great
historically well-endowed advantage.
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11. Static: not acting or changing
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A true Democracy is not static, but dynamically
changing to reflect the will of its people, and
hopefully for the better.
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Let's not forget that any one culture is not static and
is constantly evolving.
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12. Tenacity: the determination to continue
what one is doing
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Inside every tank, airplane and naval vessel is a
flesh and blood soldier, whose guile, tenacity and
tactics will see the battle through.
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Whatever the situation, the factors of success
when starting out are thrift, speed, nimbleness,
tenacity, resilience and dependence on one man's
vision.
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13. underlying: in the nature of sth. Though
not immediately obvious; fundamental
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Although the shooting stopped, thousands of
people were displaced and the underlying issues
have not been resolved.
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It is important to exclude any underlying illness
that may be responsible for the fatigue.
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14. aspiration: a strong desire to achieve
sth. High or great
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It is the common aspiration of all people
across the Straits that the charter flights
could become regular air services to save
time and money.
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He has political aspirations, and hopes to
run for Congress some day.
15. Reconciliation: the reestablishing of
cordial relation
The goodwill gestures made by the two
neighbors in the nuclear security talks, only part
of a series of peace initiatives started this spring,
show their sincerity for further reconciliation.
They called all those engaged in armed conflict
of any kind to observe the Olympic Truce and to
use the opportunity to promote peace, dialogue
and reconciliation.
Student Presentation
Directions: You are required to look up the following
words and expressions in the dictionary and give a
brief presentation in the class.
 parlor
 vainly
 collision
 bring forth
 deportment
 underfeed
 sanctify
 heroism
 toughness
 sinewy
 reverence
 set up shop
 prosper
 accessible
 in relation to
 instinctively
 diametrically
 burgeon
 vitality
 fidelity
 trench
Additional Exercises
1. These comments are seen as implicit criticism of the school policies.
A. unclear
B. arbitrary C. unambiguous
D. explicit
A
2. The United Kingdom is opposed to surrendering its monetary system.
A. giving out
B. giving up
C. giving off
D. giving to
B
3. Peter has given me a big check when he learns that I need money urgently.
A. written out
B. written to
A
C. written down
D. written on
4. It is very hard to tell the true causes of poverty and drug addiction.
A. undermining
B. underling
C
C. underlying
D. underlining
5. Prolonged and excessive use of alcohol can damage the brain, liver and other
internal organs.
A. Striking
B.
Consecutive
D
C. Ever-lasting
D.
Continual
6. We did not have time to read the whole novel, so the teacher prepared an
epitome for us.
A
A. synopsis
B.
synthesis
C. symposium
D.
symmetry
7.
I didn’t stop at John’s house because he had visitors, and I didn’t want to butt
in.
A. incur
B. intrude
C.
invade
D.
intercept
B
8. If something can be easily seen, we say that it is conspicuous.
A. Picturesque B.
desolate C.
vigorous D. manifest
D
9. During his lifetime he was able to accumulate quite a fortune.
C
A. attain
B. acquire
C. amass
D. demonstrate
10. Paying a person what he has earned is equitable.
D
A. asunder
B. noticeable
C. Rationale D. fair
11. In Utah, two major copper mining companies are about to merge.
A. be founded
B. be expanded
C
C. come together
D. go bankrupt
12. A passer-by put his life in danger to save the boy swimming in the river.
A. mortified
B. bolstered
C. infuriated
D. jeopardized
D
13. The old man’s hair becomes thinly scattered with age.
A. sparse
B. callous
C. sober
D. authentic
A
14. The boy fell from the roof and broke his arm.
D
A. distorted
B. stupefied
C. grazed
D. fractured
15. The American Civil War Research Database is
dedicated to the task of the collection and
dissemination of information on the individuals who
were engaged in the most tragic four years of our
great nation's history.
A
A. spread
B. thought
C. acknowledgement
D. process
16. Their house consists of three bedrooms, a sitting room,
a kitchen, a dining-room and a study.
D
A. porch
B. pavilion
C. pecker D. parlor
B
17. I felt very _____ in my suit for everyone else was in jeans.
A. infectious
B. conspicuous C. extravagant D. dizzy
C
18. Wendy was _____ by the fear that her husband was involved in the crime.
A. wretched
B. dodged
C. haunted
D. baffled
19. The strike was caused by the management’s refusal to _____ with the unions.A
A. negotiate
B. acknowledged
C. accord
D. comply
20. Her case attracted wide _____ because she was the last person in the world to
suffer from small pox.
B
A. testimony
B. publicity
C. prestige
D. temperament
21. We had to abandon the climb because of _____ weather condition.
D
A. erroneous
B. authoritative
C. unpredicted
D. adverse
22.
A.
23.
A.
24.
A.
25.
A.
26.
A.
C.
27.
A.
It was _____ that they asked their friends to stay for the Spring Festival.
of avail
B. in vain
C. to a fault
D. in a hole
B
He was forever poking his _____ into things that didn’t concern him.
nostril
B. finger
C. nose
D. mouth
C
You can see the diamonds _____ under the bright lights.
dazzling
B. glaring
C. illuminating
D. sparkling
D
The official was charged with taking _____ from people who wanted favors in
return.
D
advantages B. benefits
C. bonuses
D. bribes
The doctors were sure they could cure my wife’s disease, but when _____
arose they lost hope.
complications
B. complexions
A
compounds D. symptoms
When we drove along the vast grassland in the Midwestern area we saw cattle
_____ in the pastures.
groaning
B. grazing
C. greasing
D. grieving
B
28. His marked-personality charges were _____ by a series of unfortunate events.
B
A. brought forth
B. brought about
C. brought out D. brought forward
B
29. There are a number of beds in each _____ of the hospital.
A. Segregation
B. ward
C. compartment
D. department
30. There was such an abundance of vegetables that year that many were left to
C
_____ in the fields.
A. Deteriorate
B. rust
C. rot
D. degenerate
31. There will be _____ between two teams when they are both striving for
A
something that only one of them can have.
A. rivalry
B. dispute
C. match
D. endeavor
32. In his article, he raises the possibility that education may in fact embrace real
B
diversity and the intellectual growth of _____.
A. population
B. populace
C. minority
D. majority
33. That young man was a highly skilled mechanic; he _____ fixed my car.
A. correctly
B. absentmindedly
C
C. readily
D. definitely
34. Despite all the differences in customer requirements, a quality _____ can be
created everywhere.
A. sensation
B. culture
C. premise D. maintenance
B
35. Some nations are now _____ famine because their populations have grown
beyond the carrying capacity of their lands.
A. in quest of
B. on the basis of
D
C. in the vicinity of
D. on the verge of
36. The part-time instructor taught Tom how to _____ the propeller to the model
plane.
A. chip
B. cling
C. cement
D. clasp
C
37. Hurricanes periodically _____ the Gulf Coast with destruction.
A.
menace
B. mingle
C. magnify
D. mediate
A
C
38. The old couple _____ several children of various races after the war.
A. flattered
B. facilitated
C. fostered
D. fluttered
39. The parts of the crashed car had to be _____ together in the garage.
A. wavered
B. withheld
C. wedged
D. welded
40. It’s dangerous for the visitors to _____ in the zoo with a fierce animal.
A. rival
B. trifle
C. terrify
D. reside
41. He was sent to prison for trying to _____ a policeman with money.
A. corrupt
B. interrupt
C. erupt
D. disrupt
D
B
A
42. Scientists were in fact astonished and _____ that this collision between comet
and planet turn out to be the event of the century in our solar system.
B
A. striven
B. thrilled
C. frightened
D. dismayed
C
43. It would be of help if you were to _____ the report with an introduction.
A. provoke
B. presume
C. prolong
D. precede
44. If you are a member of a club, you must _____ to the rules of that club.
A. comply
B. correlate
C. confirm
D. conform
45. I should like to _____ this method to you; I have tried it myself and have
always found it successful.
A. commend
B. command
C. commence
D. commit
46. The rebel army _____ the democratic government of the country lawlessly.
A. Overlapped B. overthrew C. overwhelmed D. overtook
47. Through the fog we saw the _____ outline of a ship.
A. implicit
B. opaque
C. literal
D. subtle
D
A
B
D
48. The actress _____ the terms of contract and was sued by the producer.
A. violated
B. legislated
C. legitimated D. ventilated
49. The _____ loan from the local government saved the company from
going bankrupt.
A. contemporary
B. timing
C. timely
D. temporary
50. The proposals to reduce the strength of the army have been the
subject of much _____.
A. controversyB. conviction
C. contemplationD. consensus
The End
A
C
A