Transcript PowerPoint 簡報 - National Cheng Kung University

Introduction of System Engineering
Prof. Jer-Nan Juang
Adjunct Professor
National Taiwan University
Prof. Jer-Nan Juang
09/25/2008 (GSC)
Outline
• Definition of System Engineering
• Systems Engineering Process Models
• System Engineering Standards
2
Process Example: A Table of Delicious Dishes
Customer
Business
Behavior
Delivery
Requirements:
Eat
Complaint:
Bad Quality
Final Check
FQC :
Final
Quality
Control
Design BehaviorRecipe
Market
Packing
Purchase
Behavior
Monitoring &
Measurement
IQC :
Incoming
Quality
Control
Test
Bargain
Rinse
Production
Behavior
Cook
IPQC:
In Process
Quality
Control
Correction
Discount
Improvement
Trash
Parameters:
Temperature;Taste
Preparation:
Equipment; Sauce
Resources:
Facilities
Cash
Manpower
Knowledge
3
5
An Example of PDCA
Approval
Account Manger
2.1
BUS
2.1.1
AOCS
2.1.2
EPS
2.1.3
RCS
CI
2.1.3.1
Battery
2.1.3.2
PCDU
2.1.3.3
Solar Array
Application
Subsystem
PLA
N
WBS Control Sheet
WBS
Title
Owner
Acting
M-Y
Cost
Key Milestones
SOW
Deliverable
Risk
DO
ACT
This Week Report
Next Week Application
WBS
Owner
Acting
M-Y
Cost
Title
WBS
Owner
Acting
M-Y
Cost
Key Milestones
Title
CHECK
Key Milestones
Man-hours Spent
Man-hours applied
Cost
Budget Applied
Progress Report
Work Description
6
Homework: System Process
• Describe a system process to manufacture a
product of your interest.
• Describe a quality-control process for writing
a technical report.
7
Definition of System Engineering
System Definitions
 An integrated set of equipment,
computer program, facilities,
human and logistical support
resources, and procedures which
are assembled to accomplish a
single purpose or mission
(NASA/CSS)
 A composite of equipment, skills,
and techniques capable of
performing and/or supporting
and operational role (Army)
 A complete solution to a defined
need(s) in its full environment
over a prescribed lifetime (TRW)
Hardware
Software
Equipment
Technical Data
Facilities
Personnel
9
Space Mission Architecture
Mission
Operations
Subject
Space
Mission
Concept
Ground
Segment
Space
Segment
(P/L+S/C)
Launch
Segment
Command
Control &
Communications
Architecture
Orbit and
Constellation
10
The Space System
Space System
Launch
Segment
Space
Segment
Ground
Segment
11
A Typical Space System
Space System
Launch
Segment
Launch
Facility
Launch
Vehicle
Space
Segment
Launch
Control
Ground
Handling
Equipment
Spacecraft
Ground
Segment
Airborne
Support
Equipment
Flight
Operations
Communication
Services
Data
Processing
Facility
12
What is the Systems Engineering ?
The Orchestra Needs a Conductor and ...
13
What is the System Engineering?
• A logical sequence of activities and decisions that
transforms an operational need into a description
of system performance parameters and a preferred
system configuration. (MIL-STD-499A[5],
Engineering Management, 1 May 1974. Now
canceled.)
• An interdisciplinary approach that encompasses
the entire technical effort and evolves into and
verifies an integrated and life-cycle balanced set of
system people, products, and process solutions
that satisfy customer needs. (EIA Standard IS-632,
Systems Engineering, December 1994.)
• An interdisciplinary, collaborative approach that
derives, evolves, and verifies a life-cycle balanced
system solution which satisfies customer
expectations and meets public acceptability. (IEEE
P1220, Standard for Application and Management
of the Systems Engineering Process, [Final Draft],
26 September 1994.)
14
System Acquisition ?
System
Acquisition
Through the Maze to System Acquisition
15
Systems Engineering
(Basic Concept)
Mission
(A Large Problem)
SYSTEMS ENGINEERING PROCESS
(TO BE DECOMPOSED INTO AN INTEGRATED SET OF SMALL PROBLEMS)
#1
#2
#3
#N
TO BE SOLVED & EFFECTIVELY MANAGED TO PRODUCE
AN
OPTIMIZED SOLUTION
16
System Acquisition Cycle
Testing & National
Operations Policy
System
Development
SE
Mission
Needs
Determination
Technology
Development
Concept
Definition
Mission
Analysis
 Today’s pace systems are
so complex that the time
scale from inception to
operation can be 10 to 20
years
 System engineering
participates in this
“Womb-to-Tomb” process
and provides to the
program historical
records of trade analyses,
requirements traceability,
performance verification,
and system operations
17
System Acquisition Cycle (NASA)
SYSTEM
NEED
CONCEPT
DEFINION
OPERATIONS &
MAINTENANCE
PAR
SYSTEM
REQMTS
ANALYSIS
SRR
SYSTEM
ANAL &
DESIGN
SDR
SUBSYST
REQMTS
ANAL
ORR
SYSTEM
ACCEPT
CA
SYSTEM
I&T
S/STR
SUBSYST S/SRR
ARCH
DESIGN
SUBSYST
DETAIL
SUBSYST SUBSYST DESIGN
IMPLEMENI&T
TATION
TRR
CDR
PDR
ACRONYMS:
PAR - PROJECT APPROVAL REVIEW
SRR - SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS REVIEW
SDR - SYSTEM DESIGN REVIEW
S/SDR - SUBSYSTEM DESIGN REVIEW
PDR - PRELIMINARY DESIGN REVIEW
CDR - CRITICAL DESIGN REVIEW
TRR - TEST READINESS REVIEW
S/STR - SUBSYSTEM TEST REVIEW
STR - SYSTEM TEST REVIEW
CA
- CONFIGURATION AUDIT
ORR - OPERATIONAL READINESS REVIEW
18
SE Role During Development Phases
Program
Phase
System
Needs
Mission
Definition
SRR
SDR
Mission
Statement
Requirements
Development
Mission
Objectives
System Level
Design
Preliminary
Design
Preliminary
Requirements
Mission
Area Analysis
System Concept Mission Ops
Analysis
Development
System
Engineering Operations
Concept
Role
PDR
Requirements
Baseline
Preliminary
Design Below
System Level
Development
System Design
Development
Technology
Development
Requirement
Development
Requirements
Flowdown
PSR
Detailed
Design
Design
Baseline
Detailed
Design of
Total System
System
Architecture
Development
RFP Preparation Verification
Planning
CDR
Production
and Test
Fabrication
& Assembly
I&T
Post Launch
Support
Operation &
Maintenance
System Sell-off
Development
Specification
System Design
Design Review
and Monitoring
Test Monitoring
& Verification
On-Orbit
Data Analysis
& System Ops
19
System Engineering Functions
(Typical)
SYSTEM
ENGINEERING
SYSTEM
DEFINITION
SYSTEM
ANALYSIS
SYSTEM
DESIGN
SYSTEM
VERIFICATION
• MISSION
DEFINITION
• MISSION AND
OPS ANALYSIS
• CONFIGURATION
DESIGN TRADES
• METHODOLOGY/
PLANS
• SYSTEM
REQUIREMENTS
• PERFORMANCE
ANALYSIS
• INTERFACE
ENGINEERING
• VERIFICATION
REQUIREMENTS
• FUNCTIONAL
DEFINITION/
ALLOCATION
• UTILITY
ANALYSIS
• TECHNICAL
PERFORMANCE
MEASUREMENT
• ANALYSIS,
SIMULATION,
TEST PLAN
• REQUIREMENTS
ALLOCATIONS/
TRACEBILITY
• SYSTEM/
SEGMENT
SPECIFICATIONS
• SYSTEM
EFFECTIVENESS
• DESIGN REVIEW/
EVALUATION
• RISK
MANAGEMENT
• VALIDATION
AND
ACCEPTANCE
SYSTEM
DATA
PROCESSING
• METHODOLOGY
DEVELOPMENT
PLAN AND
ARCHITECTURE
• DATA
PROCESSING
REQUIREMENTS
• INTERFACE
DEFINITION
AND CONTROL
• DATA BASE/
DEFINTION
AND CONTROL
SYSTEM
OPERATIONS
• MISSION/
SYSTEM
OPERATIONS
CONCEPT AND
REQUIREMENTS
• OPERATIONS
PLANS
• PROCEDURES
VALIDATION
• SIMULATION
AND TRAINING
PLANS
• INTEGRATED
LOGISTICS
PLANS
20
System Hierarchy
SYSTEM
FORMOSAT-1
SEGMENT
SPACE/GROUND
SPACECRAFT/PAYLOAD
EPS/TT&C
BATTERY/ANTENNA
 One project’s system is another
project’s component
TYPICAL SOFTWARE
NOTATION
ELEMENT
SUBSYSTEM
SUBSYSTEM
COMPONENT
EXAMPLE
SUBASSEMBLY
PART
HARDWARE
COMPONENT
MODULE
PROCEDURE/ROUTINE
SOFTWARE
INTEGRATED
CSCIs
CSCI
CSU
CU
21
Holistic Thinking versus Local
Thinking…
0943-98
Innovation Associates
22
22
Systems Engineering - Process Models
Systems Engineering Process Models
• Software System
– Waterfall Model
– Spiral Model
• Enterprise System
–
–
–
–
Vee Model
Typical SE Model
SIMILAR
ANSI/EIA 632
24
Waterfall Model
By Royce in 1970
25
Spiral Model
By Boehm in 1988
26
Vee Model
By Forberg and Mooz in 1992
27
Vee Model
28
Typical Systems Engineering Process
ITERATIVE TRADE-OFFS
Functional
Analysis
Input
Requirements
• WHAT
• WHY
Synthesis
OR
Evaluation
and
Decision
OR
Description
of System
Elements
• HOW
SOLUTIONS
OR
SE management guide, DSMC, Jan 1990
29
Systems Engineering Process
30
SIMILAR Process
By Bahill and Gissing in 1998
31
SE Process in ANSI/EIA 632
ANSI: American National Standards Insitute
EIA: Electronic Industries Alliance
32
33 Process Requirements Specified by
ANSI/EIA 632
33
System Engineering - Standards
History of SE
35
Evolution of Systems Engineering
Standards
MIL-STD-499
July 1969
Engineering Management
Perry Memo
Abolishes new military standards
June 1994
MIL-STD-499A
May 1974
MIL-STD-499B
June 1992
“Coordination Copy”
IEEE 1220
1992
Commercial SE Standard began
IEEE 1220
Trial Use
February 1995
IEEE 1220
Full Use
January 1999
MIL-STD-499C
May 1994
Unreleased Draft
EIA/IS 632
December 1994
Interim Standard
After Perry Memo
co
X
ANSI/EIA 632
January 1999
MIL-STD-499C
March 2007
Draft by TAC
ISO 15288
1996
ati
n
i
d
or
on
ISO/IEC 15288
2002
ISO/IEEE 15288
2008
36