Transcript Progressive Era and African

Life for Many
African-Americans
From 1870-1920
Why were African-Americans left out of the
Progressive Era reforms?
Constitutional Amendments
After the Civil War
 13th – Prohibits Slavery
 14th – Grants citizenship & “equal
protection under the law” to all citizens
 15th – Grants all men the right to vote
NOT ENFORCED by late 1800’s
Plessy v. Ferguson
I. Political
Treatment
Examples
Poll Taxes
Literacy Tests
Grandfather Clauses
Intimidation & Violence
Closed primaries
 All these limit political
Why did white leaders continue
to limit the political power of
African-Americans?
II. Economic
Treatment
Sharecropping
1890
Domestic & Manual Jobs
DeFacto Segregation
How does economic oppression
perpetuate inequality?
Why do you think the U.S.
government allowed this
violation of the 14th Amendment?
III. Social Treatment
“Jim Crow” Laws
Became the norm
Lynchings
Lynchings continued to occur well
into the 20th century. What does that
show you?
IV. Reformers in Conflict
Booker T. Washington
W.E.B. Du Bois
Booker T Washington
 What were Booker T
Washington’s
objectives and
motivations?
 (Brief biography…)
Tuskegee Institute
W.E.B. DuBois
 Harvard PhD
 Civil Rights activist
 “talented 10th” of
blacks need to develop
new strategies
Niagara
Movement
&
NAACP
Niagara Movement
 Full voting rights (1964/65)
 End to segregation (1954)
 Equal treatment in justice system (still not
fully realized…)
 Equal opportunity in military (1941)
 Equal opportunity in education (1964)
Ida B. Wells
 Anti-lynching
 Editorials
 Sit-in
 Founding of NAACP
Ida B Wells…
Wilson’s In-action and Legacy
 1913 intro formal
segreg in gov’t
 Showed Birth of a
Nation
 WWI served in large
numbers
 1919 Red Summer
 1921 Tulsa Riots
Northern Migration
 1.5 million
 1910-1930
 Moved to North and Midwest from the
South
– This would usher in a new phase in the
evolution of civil rights for African-Americans
Harlem Renaissance