Transcript Web 2.0 dalam Penyampaian Perkhidmatan Maklumat

Web 2.0 dalam Penyampaian
Perkhidmatan Maklumat
Zulkefli Bin Mohd Yusop
Fakulti Pengurusan Maklumat UiTM
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Introduction : Web 2.0
Inventor of the Web, Sir Tim Berners-Lee was asked
whether Web 2.0 was different to what might be
called Web 1.0
"Totally not. Web 1.0 was all about connecting people. It was an interactive
space, and I think Web 2.0 is of course a piece of jargon, nobody even
knows what it means. If Web 2.0 for you is blogs and wikis, then that is
people to people. But that was what the Web was supposed to be all
along. And in fact, you know, this 'Web 2.0', it means using the
standards which have been produced by all these people working on
Web 1.0.”
(Laningham (ed.), developerWorks Interviews, 22nd August, 2006 .)
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Introduction : Web 2.0
• Numerous definitions
• The term ‘Web 2.0’ was coined in 2004 by Dale
Dougherty (a vice-president of O’Reilly Media Inc.)
• Tim O’Reilly (the founder of the company)
• What is Web 2.0: Design Patterns and Business
Models for the Next Generation of Software
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Introduction : Web 2.0
• Describes seven principles:
• The Web as platform, Harnessing collective
intelligence, Data is the next 'Intel inside', End
of the software release cycle, Lightweight
programming models, Software above the
level of single device, and Rich user
experiences.
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What is Web 2.0?
• Web 2.0 encompasses a variety of different
meanings that include an increased emphasis on
user generated content, data and content sharing
and collaborative effort
• It is also together with the use of various kinds of
social software, new ways of interacting with webbased applications, and the use of the web as a
platform for generating, re-purposing and consuming
content.
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Web 2.0
Characteristics
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Participation
Standards
Decentralization
Openness
Modularity
User Control
Identity
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Participation
• Every aspect of Web 2.0 is driven by participation.
• The transition to Web 2.0 was enabled by the
emergence of platforms such as blogging, social
networks, and free image and video uploading
• These allowed extremely easy content creation and
sharing by anyone.
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Standards
• Standards provide an essential platform for
Web 2.0
• Common interfaces for accessing content and
applications are the glue that allow
integration across the many elements of the
emergent web
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Decentralization
• Web 2.0 is decentralized in its architecture,
participation, and usage
• Power
and
flexibility
emerges
from
distributing applications and content over
many computers and systems, rather than
maintaining them on centralized systems
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Openness
• The world of Web 2.0 has only become
possible through a spirit of openness whereby
developers and companies provide open,
transparent access to their applications and
content
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Modularity
• Web 2.0 emerges from many
• Many components or modules that are
designed to link and integrate with others,
together building a whole
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User Control
• A primary direction of Web 2.0 is for users to
control the
• content they create
• data captured about their web activities, and
• their identity
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Identity
• Identity is a critical element of both Web 2.0
and the future direction of the internet
• We can choose to represent our identities
across interactions, virtual worlds, and social
networks.
• We can also own and verify our real identities
in transactions
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Services/ Applications
Web 2.0
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Blogs
Wikis
Content Tagging
Multimedia Sharing
Content Syndication (RSS)
Audio Blogging and Podcasting
Latest Web 2.0 services & applications
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Blogs
“A simple webpage consisting of brief paragraph of
opinion, information, personal diary entries, links
(posts), arranged chronologically with the most
recent first, in the style of an online journal.”
(Doctorow et al., 2002)
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Blogs
• The term "weblog" was coined by Jorn Barger on 17
December 1997.
• The short form, "blog," was coined by Peter Merholz,
who jokingly broke the word WEBLOG into the phrase
WE BLOG in the sidebar of his blog Peterme.com in
April or May of 1999.
• This was quickly adopted as both a noun and verb
("to blog," meaning "to edit one's weblog or to post
to one's weblog")
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Blogs
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http://radar.oreilly.com/
http://www.blogger.com/
http://wordpress.com/
http://www.facebook.com
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Wikis
“A webpage or set of webpages that can be
easily edited by anyone who is allowed
access”
(Ebersbach et al., 2006)
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Wikis
• Collaborative tool that facilitates the
production of a group work
• It has editing, deleting, history, and rollback
function features
• Self moderation
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Wikis
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http://en.wikipedia.org/
http://wiki.oss-watch.ac.uk/
http://www.wikihow.com/
http://www.twiki.org/
http://www.wikiineducation.com/
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Content Tagging
• Enables users to create subject headings for
the object
• Allow users to add and change not only
content (data), but content describing
content (metadata)
• Users could tag the library’s collection and
participate in the cataloging process
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Multimedia Sharing
• Facilitate the storage and sharing of
multimedia content
• Participate in the sharing and exchange of
multimedia by producing their own images,
audio, videos, photos, etc.
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Multimedia Sharing
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http://www.flickr.com/
http://www.fotopages.com/
http://www.youtube.com/
http://eyespot.com/
http://www.videojug.com
http://www.apple.com/itunes/store/podcasts.html
http://www.audblog.com
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Content Syndication
• RSS Feeds - provide users a way to syndicate
and republish content on the web
• Libraries are creating RSS Feeds for users to
subscribe to, including updates on new items
in a collection, new services, and new content
in subscription databases
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Audio Blogging and
Podcasting
• Efforts to add audio streams to early blogs
• Podcasts are audio recordings, usually in MP3 format,
of talks, interviews and lectures, which can be played
either on a desktop computer or on a wide range of
handheld MP3 devices.
• Apple introduced the commercially successful iPod
MP3 player and its associated iTunes software, the
process started to become known as podcasting
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Audio Blogging and
Podcasting
• A more recent development is the
introduction of video podcasts (sometimes
shortened to vidcast or vodcast): the online
delivery of video-on-demand clips that can be
played on a PC, or again on a suitable
handheld player(the more recent versions of
the Apple iPod for example, provide for video
playing)
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Web 2.0 Technologies
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Aggregation
AJAX
API
Embedding
Folksonomy
Mashups
Remixing
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RSS
Ruby on Rails
Tag Cloud
Tagging
Virtual Architecture
Widget
XML
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Aggregation
Bringing multiple content sources together into
one interface or application
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AJAX
(Asynchronous Javascript and XML) A
combination of technologies that enables
highly interactive web applications.
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API
(Application Programming Interface) A defined
interface to a computer application or
database that allows access by other
applications.
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Embedding
Integrating content or an application into a web
page, while the original format is maintained.
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Folksonomy
Rich categorization of information that is
collectively created by users, through tagging
and other actions. (taxonomy)
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Mashups
Combination of different types of content or
data, usually from different sources, to create
something new
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Remixing
Extracting and combining samples of content to
create a new output. The term was originally
used in music but is now also applied to video
and other content.
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RSS
(Really Simple Syndication) A group of formats
to publish (syndicate) content on the internet
so that users or applications automatically
receive any updates.
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Ruby on Rails
An open source web application framework that
is frequently used in Web 2.0 website
development
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Tag cloud
• A visual depiction of tags that have been
used to describe a piece of content, with
higher frequency tags emphasized to assist
content comprehension and navigation.
• Typical tag clouds have between 30 and 150
tags. The weights are represented using font
sizes or other visual clues.
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Tagging
Attaching descriptions to information or
content.
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Virtual architecture
The creation of avatars (alternative
representations of people), buildings, objects,
and other artifacts inside virtual spaces.
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Widget
Small, portable web application that can be
embedded into any web page.
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XML
(eXtensible Markup Language) An open
standard for describing data, which enables
easy exchange of information between
applications and organizations
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Web 2.0 and Intellectual
Property Rights
• Ownership
• Re-use
• Control
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Ownership
Who "owns" the content when it is
collaboratively created? The authors? The
university? The creators of the system?
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Re-Use
• Universities make considerable use of published
materials in learning and teaching. These materials
may be in paper or electronic form. They include text
books, academic papers, learning objects and preprints.
• When these are used in a Web 2.0 environment they
may become visible to people outside the university,
which may breach current licensing arrangements, so
that they may need to be reconsidered.
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Control
• The nature and degree of control that
universities may wish to exert over content in
a Web 2.0 environment is, as discussed,
problematic because there are competing
pressures to ensure that material is not illegal
(eg defamatory or contravening IPR), and to
support academic freedom
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Web 2.0 & Preservation
• One of the key functions of universities has
been the preservation of information.
• Historically this has been done using
published works and theses retained in a
library.
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Web 2.0 & Preservation
• What is the authoritative version of an
artifact? This is especially problematic where
many people are contributing to it.
• At what point does it become something that
should be preserved?
• Should all the changes be preserved too?
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Web 2.0 & Preservation
• What is the status of a work?
• If it can always be changed then how can peer
review (or similar processes) be used to determine
the work’s value and authority?
• How does preservation relate to the version(s) that
were peer reviewed?
• And what is the scope of any such peer review?
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Web 2.0 & Preservation
• How can the content be preserved in a form in which
it can continue to be accessed?
• Technology is changing very fast, and while some
formats will be usable for a long time (HTML for
instance)
• Others may not be. Will a MySQL database still be
usable in 20 years on the hardware and operating
systems available then?
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Conclusion
• Web 2.0 will have profound implications for librarians,
learners and teachers in formal, informal, work-based
and lifelong education.
• Web 2.0 will affect how library and universities go
about the business of education, from learning,
teaching and assessment, through contact with
school
communities,
widening
participation,
interfacing with industry, and maintaining contact
with alumni
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Q&A
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Thank you!
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