Transcript The Age of Discovery

The Age of Discovery
Exploring and Colonizing the
“New World”
Did Columbus discover America?
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Native Americans?
What about the Vikings?
• C. A.D. 1000
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What exactly did he find?
Age of Exploration begins during
the 1400's
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Looking for new trade routes
• Where and Why?
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Avoiding “middle-men”
Northwest Passage
Conditions that set the stage
• Desire
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For commerce
• Ability
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Due to inventions and state sponsorship
• Need
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Wealth to fund empires, expansion for living space, etc.
• Faith
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Christianity vs. Islam
The Exploring Kingdoms
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Portugal, Spain, France,
Netherlands, England
Portuguese led the way
• Commerce and conversions
• Prince Henry the Navigator (15th
Century
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Key sponsor of early Portuguese exploration
of Atlantic & West Africa
• 1488 – Bartolomeu Diaz – Cape of
Good Hope
• 1498 – Vasco de Gama – around cape
to India
• 1500 – Pedro Alvarez Cabral – South
America
Spain
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More interested in permanent
settlements
Columbus – Oct. 1492 – San Salvador
• Didn’t know or believe that he reached a
new continent
• “New World” term from Vespucci
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First on map in 1507
Vasco Nunez de Balboa - First to sight
Pacific (1513)
Ferdinand Magellan - Expedition
circumnavigates world 1519-22
Spain
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Cortes = New Spain (1519)
Pizarro = Viceroyalty of Peru(1532)
• “God, Gold, & Glory”
• Encomienda system
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Juan Ponce de Leon – 1512-13 & 1521 –
Florida
Alvar Nunez Cabeza de Vaca – 1536 – Explored
Southwest enroute to Mexico from Florida
• he & 3 survivors make it to Mexico
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Hernando de Soto –(1539-43) explored
southeast – finds Miss. River
Francisco Coronado (1541) explores S.W. &
finds Grand Canyon
French Exploration
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1534 – Jacques Cartier – St. Lawrence
River
50+ years of failed colonies
1598-1604 – French fur trading stations
in Nova Scotia (Acadia)
1608- Quebec founded by Samuel de
Champlain
• 1st perm. settlement by French
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The Robert Cavelier de LaSalle - Sailed
down Mississippi to G. of Mex (1682)
• Claimed the entire region for French King
Louis XIV - Louisiana
England
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John Cabot – 1497 - Newfoundland
Sir Francis Drake – Privateer & explorer
• Circumnavigation of World – 1577-80
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Knighted for trip and activities against Spain
Sir Walter Raleigh – 1580s
• Roanoke (1585 & 1587) & defeat of Spanish Armada
(1588)
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Sir Humphrey Gilbert – 1583 – Newfoundland
• Newfoundland & Roanoke failed as colonies
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Henry Hudson – 4 voyages – 1607-11
• Explored bay and river named for him
Netherlands
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1614 – Dutch joint stock company builds
Fort Nassau & establishes colony – New
Netherland
1625 – fort built at mouth of river
Colonial general director Peter Minuit
• buys Manhattan Island from Indians - 1626
– new settlement - New Amsterdam
Columbian Exchange
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What is it?
What impact did it have on both
sides of the Atlantic?
Did the good outweigh the bad?