Transcript Fratricide
FRATRICIDE
Fratricide
FRATRICIDE: ISSUES
QUESTIONS:
WHAT ARE THE CAUSES?
WHAT ARE THE EFFECTS?
WHAT CONTROL MEASURES CAN
REDUCE FRATRICIDE?
PRACTICAL EXERCISE
Casual Factors Per TC 1-210
Poor Land navigation
Loss of communications
Position Reporting errors
Incorrect target identification
Incomplete planning and coordination
Equipment failure or improper procedures
FRATRICIDE: DEFINED
DEFINITIONS:
DICTIONARY
TRADOC
FRATRICIDE: DEFINED
TRADOC DEFINITION
The employment of friendly
weapons and munitions with the
intent to kill the enemy or destroy
his equipment or facilities; which
results in unforeseen and
unintentional death or injury to
friendly personnel.
FRATRICIDE: HISTORY
HISTORY OF FRATRICIDE:
WORLD WAR I & WORLD WAR II
THE KOREAN WAR
THE VIETNAM WAR
OPERATION JUST CAUSE
OPERATION DESERT STORM
FRATRICIDE: HISTORY
WORLD WAR I:
Battle
of Verdun - 351st French
Infantry was annihilated by
friendly 155mm artillery
Battle
of Rossignol forest - 1st
French Colonial Infantry was
fired on by friendly artillery
FRATRICIDE: HISTORY
WORLD WAR II:
North Africa Campaign 1942 701st U.S. Tank Destroyer
Battalion repeatedly attacked by
friendly air strikes
Operation Cobra 1944 - U.S. 30th
Infantry Division attacked by
friendly CAS
FRATRICIDE: HISTORY
VIETNAM:
Two
U.S. Infantry Companies
were strafed and bombed by
two U.S. Air Force
F-100s
Pleiku
1969 - U.S. soldiers
were fired on by a UH-1
helicopter
FRATRICIDE: HISTORY
OPERATION JUST CAUSE:
Mechanized Infantry unit
came under fire from an
Air Force AC-130
gunship
FRATRICIDE: HISTORY
DESERT STORM:
Two
U.S. 1st Infantry
Division vehicles came
under attack by an AH-64
A-10
strafed allied vehicle
FRATRICIDE: HISTORY
OPERATION PROVIDE
COMFORT:
Two
F-15s shot down two
UH-60s over Northern Iraq
FRATRICIDE: REPORTS
RELUCTANCE TO REPORT
FRATRICIDE: REPORTS
RELUCTANCE TO REPORT
Morale
Creates
mistrust with
adjoining units
Careers
In
the best interest of all
FRATRICIDE: REPORTS
REASONS TO REPORT:
FRATRICIDE: REPORTS
REASONS TO REPORT:
Prevention
Media
No
will eventually find out
perception of cover up
Makes
Commander
accountable
FRATRICIDE: FACTORS
CAUSES OF FRATRICIDE
FRATRICIDE: FACTORS
CAUSES OF FRATRICIDE
LACK OF SITUATIONAL
AWARENESS
NO POSITIVE IDENTIFICATION
FRATRICIDE: FACTORS
CAUSES OF FRATRICIDE
POSITIVE
IDENTIFICATION
ABSOLUTE
I.D. OF FRIEND
OR FOE
NOTE: ABSOLUTE I.D. IS IMPOSSIBLE AT
MAXIMUM RANGES WITH SOME WEAPON
SYSTEMS.
FRATRICIDE: CAUSES
MOST COMMON ERRORS:
LAND NAVIGATION FAILURES
REPORTING, BATTLE TRACKING
FAILURES
DIRECT FIRE CONTROL FAILURES
BATTLEFIELD HAZARDS
FRIENDLY MINE FIELDS
FRATRICIDE: CAUSES
MOST COMMON ERRORS:
ID ERROR
NAVIGATION
LOSS OF FIRE CONTROL
INEFFECTIVE MANEUVER CONTROL
WEAPONS ERRORS
OTHER
FRATRICIDE: EFFECTS
EFFECTS OF FRATRICIDE
FRATRICIDE: EFFECTS
EFFECTS OF FRATRICIDE
HESITATION TO CONDUCT LIMITED
VISIBILITY OPERATIONS
LOSS OF CONFIDENCE
LEADERS
SOLDIERS
FRATRICIDE: EFFECTS
EFFECTS OF FRATRICIDE
LOSS OF INITIATIVE AND
AGGRESSIVENESS
COHESION AND MORALE
DEGRADED
OVERSUPERVISION
LOSS OF COMBAT POWER
FRATRICIDE: PREVENTION
COUNTER MEASURES
TACTICAL PLAN
TECHNIQUES
PROCEDURES
EQUIPMENT SOLUTIONS
FRATRICIDE: PREVENTION
TACTICS
TACTICAL
JOINT
UNIT
PLAN
OPERATIONS TNG
TRAINING
FRATRICIDE: PREVENTION
TECHNIQUES
PROPER
ASCIET
IDENTIFICATION
FRATRICIDE: PREVENTION
PROCEDURES:
FIRE CONTROL PLAN
INFORMED SOLDIERS
REHEARSALS
ACCURATELY TRACK THE BATTLE
ADJACENT UNIT COORDINATION
FRATRICIDE: PREVENTION
PROCEDURES
RECONNAISSANCE
COORDINATE ALL FIRE SUPPORT
ASSETS
ESTABLISH LIAISON TEAMS
TRAINING LITERATURE & DEVICES
FRATRICIDE: PREVENTION
EQUIPMENT CONTROL
MEASURES:
LOW TECH
HIGH TECH
FRATRICIDE
Practical
Exercise
FRATRICIDE: EXERCISE
GROUP ACTIVITY
IDENTIFY THE HAZARDS IN THIS
SCENARIO
DEVELOP COUNTERMEASURES TO
MITIGATE THESE HAZARDS
REPORT ON YOUR RESULTS
NOTE: Use METT-T as the outline for
ID of Hazards and list of
Countermeasures
FRATRICIDE: EXERCISE
GENERAL SITUATION
MISSION - Probe enemy positions for location &
strength
ENEMY - Mech Inf with Russian (Soviet) style
weaponry
TERRAIN
Desert with moderate dunes
Wind 090/25k, no moon, clear, 2350 hrs
TROOPS & EQUIPMENT
Mech Inf, well-trained, rested troops
AH-64 team
Fully functional equipment
TIME - Adequate tactical planning time available
FRATRICIDE: EXERCISE
TASK FORCE IRON: a
case study in fratricide
TASK FORCE IRON
NORTH
SCREEN LINE
MECH INF TASK FORCE
IRAQ
KUWAIT
AH-64
APACHE
WINDS
3
MILES
FRATRICIDE: EXERCISE
MISSION HAZARDS
Commander’s intent unclear or
complex; vehicles stationed with
random spacing and orientation
Poor flank coordination; right flank
coordinates not known by
Commander
Poor communication procedures;
initial AH-64 salvo did not prompt
cease fire request from vehicles
FRATRICIDE: EXERCISE
ENEMY HAZARDS
Weak reconnaissance of enemy
positions and composition
Weak intelligence; friendly
scouts provided incorrect
coordinates to Commander
FRATRICIDE: EXERCISE
TERRAIN HAZARDS
Navigation difficult; lack of
uniquely identifying terrain
features
Night; although not inherently a
hazard, justifies further caution
and target verification
FRATRICIDE: EXERCISE
TROOPS & EQUIPMENT
HAZARDS
Anxiety and confusion over
vague mission parameters
Lack of trust/confidence in onboard instruments (AH-64)
FRATRICIDE: EXERCISE
TIME HAZARDS
“Gunfighter 6” backseat pilot
urging quick shoot ...”Let’s get it
over with and go home”
Task Force Cdr also urged quick
shoot ...”Can you engage
targets? Then, take ‘em out”
FRATRICIDE: EXERCISE
Countermeasures
Tactical Plan
Simplify
Tactical Plan
Maintain
Situational Awareness
Procedures
Verify
target coordinates
Inform
Soldiers
FRATRICIDE: EXERCISE
Countermeasures
Equipment Solutions
Global
Positioning System
Identify
Friend or Foe (IFF)
Transponders
Unique
Vehicular Markings
FRATRICIDE: SUMMARY
SUMMARY
DEFINITION
HISTORY
CAUSES
EFFECTS
REDUCTION MEASURES
FRATRICIDE
Fratricide