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ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENTATION
EKT 314/4
Chapter 1
Introduction to EI
Zahari Awang Ahmad
Introduction to Electronic Instrumentation
In this Chapter, we will cover the introduction to Electronic Instrumentation which
include the following :
 Definition
 Measurement
 Analysis
o Direct Analysis.
o Statistical Analysis.
 Instrumentation Element
 Application Field
 Review
Definition of Electronic Instrumentation
Instrumentation is the branch of engineering that deals with measurement
and control.
Instrumentation is defined as the art and science of measurement and
control.[1]
It serves not only sciences but all branches of engineering, medicine, and
almost every human endeavor.
Electronics Instrumentation is the application of measurement technology
in electronic-related field.
[1] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instrumentation
Related Definition
Instrument
A device or mechanism used to determine
the present value of the quantity under
measurement.
Measurement
The process of determining the amount,
degree, or capacity by comparison (direct
or indirect) with
the accepted standards of the system units
being used.
Accuracy
The degree of exactness (closeness) of a
measurement compared to the expected
(desired) value
Related Definition
Resolution
The smallest change in a measured
variable to which an instrument will
respond.
Precision
Precision A measure of the consistency or
repeatability of
measurements, i.e. successive reading do
not differ. (Precision
is the consistency of the instrument output
for a given value of input).
Expected value
The design value, i.e. the most probable
value that calculations indicate one should
expect to measure.
Related Definition
Error
The deviation of the true value from the
desired value.
Sensitivity
The ratio of the change in output
(response) of the instrument to a change of
input or measured variable.
Measurement
The process of comparing an unknown quantity with an
accepted standard quantity.
The process of determining the amount, degree, or capacity
by comparison (direct or indirect) with the accepted
standards of the system units being used.
Measurand
Displacement
Vector representing a change in position
of a body or a point with respect to a
reference.
Strain
Relative deformation of elastic, plastic,
and fluid materials under applied forces.
Vibration
Oscillatory motion which can be
described in term of amplitude (size),
frequency (rate of oscillation) and
phase (timing of the oscillation relative to
fixed time)
Measurand
Pressure
Ratio of force commonly acting on a
surface to the area of the surface.
Flow
Stream of molten or liquidified material
that can be measured in term of speed
and quantity
Temperature
Measure of relative warmth or coolness
of an object compared to absolute value.
Force
Defined as a quantity that changes the
motion, size, or shape of a body.
Measurand
Torque
Defined as the tendency of a force to
rotate the body to which it is applied.
Unit
International System of Units (abbreviated SI from the
French le Système international d'unités)
It is the world's most widely used system of measurement,
both in everyday commerce and in science.
The SI was developed in 1960 from the old metre-kilogramsecond system.
Base Unit
Length
Meter (m)
Mass
Kilogram (kg)
Time
Second (s)
Electric current
Ampere (A)
Temperature
Luminous intensity
Amount of substance
Kelvin (K)
Candela (cd)
Mole (mol)
Derivative Unit
Electric charge
Electric potential difference
Electric resistance
Electric capacitance
Electric inductance
Energy
Force
Magnetic flux
Power
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
coulomb (C)
volt (V)
ohm (Ω)
farad (F)
henry (H)
joule (J)
newton (N)
weber (Wb)
watt (W)
Direct Analysis - Terminology
Error is the degree to which a measurement nears the
expected value. It can be expressed as:
Absolute error
Percentage of error
Percentage of error
Accuracy can be calculated based on error.
Direct Analysis - Formula
Direct Analysis - Formula
SOLUTION