Transcript Intellectual Property - Pennsylvania State University

Intellectual Property
Patent
Copyright
Trade Marks
Trade Secrets
Avoid the IP Confusion !
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Patent Inventions
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Copyright Works: form of expression
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Literary, Pictoral/Graphic, Musical, A/V, Dramatic,
Sound Recording, Choreography, Architectural
Trade Secret Information
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Machine, Manufacture, Composition of Matter, Process
Data, formula, pattern, compilation, program, device,
method, technique or process
Trademark – Commercial Symbol,
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Word, Name, Symbol, Device, color, sound, smell
Trademark, Service Mark, Trade Dress, Dilution
Common IP “Elements”
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Comparison Chart:
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Subject Matter
Protection Standards
Sources of Rights
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http://faculty.ist.psu.edu/bagby/IP%20Comparison%20Chart.pdf
Regulatory Agency
Acquisition Procedure
Infringement Standards
Infringement Remedies
Patent
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New, Useful & Non-Obvious
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Novelty
Useful = Utility
Non-Obvious
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Inventive, bigger advancement step than person of ordinary
skill might usually make
Prior Art Determines both Novelty & NonObviousness
Costly & Time Consuming Qualification Process
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Prosecution through the PTO
Copyright
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Originality
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Min. personal creativity/intellect required
Works of Authorship
Fixation in Tangible Medium
Expression
Idea-Expression Dichotomy
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Generally not Ideas
Most Data Not Copyrightable
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Collective Work or Compilation
Bundle of Rights under Copyright
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Reproduce
Derivative Works
Distribution
Performance
Display
License vs. Assignment
Fair Use Defense
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Purpose and character of use;
Nature of copyrighted work;
Amt/substantiality of used portion;
Effect of use on potential market
Trade Secrets
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Information
Derives independent economic value
from secrecy
Subject of efforts, reasonable under
the circumstances, to maintain secrecy
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Misappropriation as Infringement
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No regulator
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DoJ can bring criminal misappropriation cases
Trademark
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Use in Commerce
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Spectrum of Distinctiveness
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Connected to Particular Products/Services
Arbitrary or Fanciful
Suggestive
Descriptive
Generic
Costly & Time Consuming Qualification
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Prosecution through the PTO
Sui Generis Protections
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Semiconductor chips
Asexual plants
Design Patents
Petty patents
Databases
Boat hull design
Petty Patents & Utility Models
Legal Tools for Tech. Transfer
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Not same as Int’l Econ., Foreign Aid, Developing
Nations
Assignments vs Licensing:
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Shop Rights
Work Made for Hire; Hired to Invent; M-S & S/E
Confidentiality Duties
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Non Disclosure Agreements (NDA)
Non-Competition Agreements (non-competes)
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scope, duration, fields of use, compensation,
geographic limits, etc. (e.g., software “sales,” terms
& conditions of website use)
EULAs
Inevitable Disclosure Doctrine
Leasing, Franchising
Contemporary IP Problems
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Turn-of-the-20th Century Concepts
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IP Strategic Behavior
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Patent Trolls, IP Portfolios, Misuse to Monopolize
Very Costly
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Designed for non-digital expression, mechanical
inventions, physical supply chains
Difficulty Adapting to Digital Creation, distribution
Rights Defense
Infringement Determination Certainty
Int’l Enforceability Challenges