Transcript Diapositiva 1

GENDER EMPOWERMENT
MEASUREMENT (GEM)
GEM captures gender inequality in 3 key areas:
1.
2.
3.
Political participation and decision making power:
women’s and men’s % shares of parliamentary seats
Economic participation and decision-making power:
measured by 2 indicators:
•
M and F % shares of positions as legislators,
senior officials and managers
•
M and F% shares of professional and
technical positions
Power over economic resources as measured by F
and M estimated earned income (PPP US$)
• For each dimensions an equally distributed
equivalent percentage (EDEP) is calculated
(see the GDI)
• For dimensions 1 and 2 the EDEP is indexed
by dividing it by 50 (in an ideal society with
equal empowerment the GEM variables would
equal 50%)
• Finally the GEM is calculated as a simple
average of the three indexed EDEPs
EXAMPLE: GEM IN GREECE
1. Calculating the equally distributed equivalent % (EDEP)
for parliamentary representation EDEP formula
1-є
{[
(
( )] [
{ [ ( )]+ [ (
Female population Female
share
+
index
1-є
Male population Male
share
index
1-
Replacement in
EDEP formula
1-
)]}
)]}
{ 0.0583 + 0.00539 }= 15.70
-1
Gender
Population share
Female
0,507
8,7
Male
0,492
91,3
Є=2
Parliamentary share
1
1є
1
1-
• The EDEP for parliamentary representation
is indexed to 50% (ideal value)
15.70
EDEP for parliamentary
representation
=
50
0.314
EXAMPLE: GEM IN GREECE
2.1 Calculating (EDEP) for economic participation I
(legislators, senior officials and managers)
1-є
{[
(
( )] [
{ [ ( )]+ [ (
Female population Female
share
+
index
1-є
Male population Male
share
index
1-
1-
)]}
)]}
{ 0.0198 + 0.00661 }= 37.82
-1
Gender
Population share
% share
Female
0,507
25,6
Male
0,492
74,4
Є=2
1
1є
1
1-
• The EDEP for economic participation I
(legislators, senior officials and managers)
is indexed to 50%
37.82
EDEP for economic
participation I
=
50
0.756
EXAMPLE: GEM IN GREECE
2.2 Calculating (EDEP) for economic participation II
(professional and technical positions)
1-є
{[
(
( )] [
{ [ ( )]+ [ (
Female population Female
share
+
index
1-є
Male population Male
share
index
1-
1-
)]}
)]}
{ 0.01058 + 0.00944 }= 49.88
-1
Gender
Population share
Female
0,507
47,9
Male
0,492
52,1
Є=2
% share
1
1є
1
1-
• The EDEP for economic participation II
(professional and technical positions) is
indexed to 50%
49.88
EDEP for economic
participation II
=
50
0.998
• The two EDEP indexes are then averaged
to create the EDEP for economic
participation
EDEP for economic
participation
0.756 + 0.998
=
=
2
0.877
EXAMPLE: GEM IN GREECE
3. Calculating EDEP for income
{[
Female population
share
(
1-є
Female
index
{[ (
{
)]+[
(
)]+ [ (
1-є
Male
Male population
1-
share
index
}
1-
)]}
1
1є
)]}
1
1-
-1
1,8778
+ 0,7699
=
0,377
Gender
Population share
Income index*
Female
0,507
0,270
Male
0,492
0,639
0.639
Є = 22
* the estimated earned income is US$ 10892 for F and
US$ 25601 for M and thus the corresponding income
indexes are:
10892-100
F Income index =
=
0.270
=
0.639
40000-100
25601-100
M Income index =
40000-100
4. Calculating the GEM as a simple average of the three EDEP
indexes
GEM =
0.314 + 0.877 + 0.377
3
=0.523