Transcript The Digital Village

The Digital World
Perhaps the most fundamental qualities of the
globalized world are:
The speed at which media and mediums have
changed.
The degree to which new technologies have been
embraced.
The influence individuals and corporate entities can
have on the world.
All of these things have changed the way we live our
lives and do business.
And arguably the most significant change has been in
the information transfer capabilities of the digital
world.
Information Flows
Anything that moves through a network can be
considered as ‘information’ flowing from one place
to another and carrying something.
Indeed the whole idea of information holds a special
place in cosmology and quantum physics – both ends
of the physics spectrum - where everything in the
universe (including itself) is seen in terms of
information encoding, storage and flow.
For our purposes it is information’s role in
transferring phenomena that is important – which is
a fancy way of saying that when you go to a store to
buy something you are an information flow carrying
a phenomena – demand a.k.a money and the
willingness to spend it.
Some Agents of Information Transfer
Traveling public
• Tourists
• Business
• Migrants
• Refugees
• As vectors of information, disease, terror.
• As instruments of economic development.
• As channels of information and ideas.
Communications technology
• Internet
• Phones
• TV & Radio
• Advertising
Commodities & their transportation technology
• Roads
• Rail
• Sea
• Air
As the
means
to these
ends.
Communications Technology
Global Village, Digital Village
Often attributed to Marshall McLuhan who wrote about
how the world had been shrunk into a village by
technology.
Information, ideas, attitudes travel at the speed of light
though mass media, and everyone knows everyone
else’s business.
Two outcomes were the demonstration effect and
societal homogenization.
But McLuhan’s view was that these things bring conflict
due to contrary juxtapositions, and not harmony.
Darker side of the global village:
Darknet, terror, surveillance, sex tourism, human
trafficking, illicit goods, etc.
Recent Historical Reasons…
Technology and transportation advances started during
and after WW2: radar/radio technology, computing &
data capture, visualization technology, weather
prediction, nav systems, sonar, etc.
Large global movements of people (military, refugees,
migration) and effects – e.g. the Cargo Cult.
Rapid resource extraction, production & consumption.
Growing number of nations → new geopolitical interest
in who was where, which often led to aggressive foreign
policy initiatives to control territory and channels of
movement.
Tourism and infrastructure also begins to expand
rapidly.
The Digital World
Number of Western Union Telegraph Messages Sent
Where the digital communications
revolution started.
The Digital Access Index
International Telecommunications
Union (ITU) measure.
Based on 178 countries and 2008 data.
Measures access to internet
communications technology and ability
to use it.
Is a weighted average index number
across five variables and sub variables.
The Digital Access Index Variables & Weights
Infrastructure
Fixed telephone subscribers per 100 inhabitants -10%
Mobile cellular subscribers per 100 inhabitants -10%
Affordability
Internet access price as percent of GNI x 100 - 20%
Knowledge
Adult Literacy - 13%
Combined primary, secondary, and tertiary school enrollment -7%
Quality
International Internet bandwidth per capita -10
Broadband subscribers per 1000 inhabitants 10%
Usage
Internet users per 100 inhabitants 20%
Digital Access Index
Canada 0.78
Sweden 0.85
The Digital Access Index
89 of the 178 nations are at
or below the average and
92 are above
Least Accessible
Most Accessible
Least Accessible Ten
Burundi 10
Central African Rep 10
Chad 10
Ethiopia 10
Guinea 10
Guinea-Bissau 10
Sierra Leone 10
Mali 9
Burkina Faso 8
Niger 4
Sweden 85
Denmark 83
Iceland 82
South Korea 82
Finland 79
Hong Kong 79
Netherlands 79
Norway 79
Taiwan 79
Canada 78
Most Accessible Ten
The Digital Divide
Concept used to describe the differences
between developed and developing
countries in their access to information
and communications technology (ICT).
Embraces a range of issues from actual
physical technology to digital literacy and
education.
Measured in terms of access to
communications technology such as
phones, computers, internet, broadband.
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DIGITAL DATA
The Digital World
MOBILE PHONES
Number of Internet, Landline, and Cell Users
Per 100 Population 1972 to 2008
Mobile Cellular Telephone Subscriptions
Fixed Telephone Lines
Internet
Number of Mobile Cellular Subscriptions by Development Level
The number of cellular subscriptions (almost 7 billion) is
8,000 approaching the number of people on earth. Global growth
rates are about 66% with developing and developed about
7,000
75% and 32% respectively.
Millions
6,000
5,000
4,000
3,000
2,000
1,000
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014*
Developing
Developed
Source: Calculated from ITU World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators database.
Share of Mobile Cellular Subscriptions by Development Level
Percentage Share
By 2014 the developing countries’ share of mobile cellular
subscriptions will account for 78% of the global total. Virtually
all are on a pre-paid basis – another part of the revolution.
100.0%
90.0%
80.0%
70.0%
60.0%
50.0%
40.0%
30.0%
20.0%
10.0%
0.0%
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014*
Developing
Source: Calculated from ITU World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators database.
Developed
Number per 100 Population (%)
Penetration Rate Mobile Cellular Subscriptions by Development Level
Global penetration rates are about 95%, with developing
countries having a 4 fold increase across the period and
120.8
developed about 1.5 fold increase.
120.0
30.6
100.0
82.1
Digital divide is getting narrower.
90.2
80.0
60.0
59.2
40.0
22.9
20.0
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014*
Developing
Source: Calculated from ITU World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators database.
Developed
Mobile Cellular Subscriptions by Region
Lowest penetration rates and
highest growth rates are Africa
and Asia-Pacific.
Highest penetration rates and
lowest growth rates are in CIS,
Europe, the Americas and Arab
States.
Competition drives subscription
And subscription drives GDP:
a 10% increase in cell phone
use increased GDP by 0.8%
Prior to
competition
After
competition
With mobile broadband next
Source: The Economist
By March 2009
India, Africa and
China led the way
in new mobile
phone
subscriptions.
And two of the
largest suppliers
the list are
China’s Huawei
and ZTE.
Source: The Economist
Competition has stimulated use.
For example, mobile ‘teledensity’ (# of phones per 100
people) for Africa as a whole is 40%.
But in Ethiopia where it is government run with a
single provider, the teledensity is only 3.6%
In Somalia – a failed state with no functioning central
government but run by warlords – the teledensity is
7.9%!
It appears that even warlords need their cell phones so
network infrastructure is left alone. This is Somalia.
Source: The Economist
Trillions of Text Messages Sent Globally, 2005-2015
Almost 12 trillion.
That’s about 318,517 messages per second.
Average Number of Texts Sent and Received Monthly by Age
Group, March 2013
For the 18-24 cohort,
this is about 65
messages sent every
day.
1,831
Received
Sent
For the 55+ cohort, it’s
about 8 messages sent
every day.
1,130
726
2,022
1,110
18-24
25-34
473
831
35-44
244
247
525
45-44
55+
Cell Phone Impacts On Development
Jeffrey Sachs of Columbia U. has called this technology
“the single most transformative tool for development.”
Women who become “village phone operators” providing
connection in otherwise poorly connected countries.
Barbers who make appointments by cell phone and travel
to them instead of owning shops.
Farmers who negotiate prices for their crops based on
world commodity markets.
Roshan is Afghanistan’s largest private company, largest
investor and largest single taxpayer – they sell top-up
vouchers for cell phones.
Cell Phones Impacts– Dark Side
The same women who can transform a village and
family economy by becoming a village phone
operator, can be stoned to death in Pakistan tribal
areas for simply owning one.
The woman’s name was Arifa Bibi, a young mother
of two.
She was killed on July 11th 2013.
http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/politics/special-report-the-punishment-was-death-by-stoning-the-crime-having-a-mobile-phone8846585.html
The Digital World
LANDLINE PHONES
Land Line Phones
Telephone invented 1876 but not widespread use
until 1890s and then only in cities.
The first integrated phone and ringer wasn’t
invented until 1949.
In many countries in Europe, widespread use of the
telephone did not happen until the 1970s.
So land lines are not exactly an old technology, but
have been almost eliminated by cell phones and
now are principally a business option only.
In North America use of the “cowboy” phone or
barbed wire phone was more widespread than
regular networked phones, and in Australia
they were in use until the 1950s.
Number of Fixed Telephone Lines by Development Level
1,300
Number of fixed lines is a little over one billion and declining
globally since 2005 everywhere. But this is an old, expensive, and
difficult to build and maintain technology.
1,100
Millions
900
700
500
300
100
-100
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014*
Developing
Source: Calculated from ITU World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators database.
Developed
Global Share of Fixed Telephone Lines by Development Level
Percentage Share
The developing world has the largest share of land lines
at about 55% to 45%.
100.0%
90.0%
80.0%
70.0%
60.0%
50.0%
40.0%
30.0%
20.0%
10.0%
0.0%
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014*
Developing
Source: Calculated from ITU World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators database.
Developed
Penetration Rate of Fixed Telephone Lines by Development Level
Number per 100 Population
70.0
60.0
The developing world’s rates have not kept pace with
population growth but this is old technology.
47.2
40.8
50.0
40.0
30.2
30.0
Digital divide has widened – but
this is to be expected for old
technology.
34.5
20.0
10.0
12.7
10.6
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014*
Developing
Source: Calculated from ITU World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators database.
Developed
Fixed Lines & VOIP Traffic, Minutes & Growth
TDM: Time Division
Multiplexing (landline
technology)
Growth slowing in
fixed lines but not
in VOIP
Between 2005 and
2011 VOIP grew
from less than 2%
of landline traffic to
almost 18%.
Percent of Landline Traffic
Millions of Subscribers
Fixed Lines & VOIP 2005 - 2011
Fixed Lines & VOIP Regional Distribution
Mobile and Fixed VOIP, Western Europe
Of VOIP growth, mobile
VOIP is growing fastest as
smart phones and their
network speed increases.
Business and Residential Shares of VOIP
Business VOIP share growing as videoconferencing becomes a
cheaper way to meet regionally, nationally and internationally.
2009
2014
The Digital World
BROADBAND
Number of Fixed Wire Broadband Subscriptions by Development Level
Number of fixed broadband subscriptions in the world is
750 about 711 million and most growth since 2005 (78%) has
been in the developing world.
650
Millions
550
450
350
250
150
50
-50
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014*
Developing
Source: Calculated from ITU World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators database.
Developed
Share of Fixed Wire Broadband Subscriptions by Development Level
Percentage Share
Share of fixed broadband subscriptions in the world is currently
about evenly split between the developed and developing
worlds, but has grown from a 30/70 split since 2005.
100.0%
90.0%
80.0%
70.0%
60.0%
50.0%
40.0%
30.0%
20.0%
10.0%
0.0%
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014*
Developing
Source: Calculated from ITU World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators database.
Developed
Number per 100 Population
Penetration of Fixed Wire Broadband Subscriptions by Development Level
Penetration rates have more than doubled in the
developed world and increased about five fold in the
35.0
developing world. But rates are still low overall.
30.0
27.5
25.0
20.0
15.0
12.3
10.0
21.4
Digital divide has widened
considerably in the past decade.
6.1
11.0
5.0
1.3
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014*
Developing
Source: Calculated from ITU World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators database.
Developed
Fixed Broadband Subscription Penetration Rates by Region, 2014
Europe’s penetration rates in FBS is about 3 times higher than the
global average. Africa has less that 1% despite high growth rates.
Number of Mobile Broadband Subscriptions by Development Level
2,500
Millions
2,000
Globally, about 2.3 billion mobile broadband
subscriptions, about 87% growth rate since
2005, with the higher rates in the developing
world (96%).
1,500
1,000
500
2007
2008
2009
2010
Developing
Source: Calculated from ITU World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators database.
2011
2012
2013
Developed
2014*
Share of Mobile Broadband Subscriptions by Development Level
Rapid growth in the developing world, with share increasing
from about 15% to over 50% and growth ratesd increasing
from 27% to 55% by 2014 since 2005.
100.0%
Percentage Share
90.0%
80.0%
70.0%
60.0%
50.0%
40.0%
30.0%
20.0%
10.0%
0.0%
2007
2008
2009
2010
Developing
Source: Calculated from ITU World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators database.
2011
2012
Developed
2013
2014*
Penetration of Mobile Wire Broadband Subscriptions by Development Level
Number per 100 Population
90.0
80.0
Penetration rates have increased fourfold in the
developed world and increased about 21-fold in the
developing world. But the developing world’s rates are 83.7
still low overall.
70.0
60.0
50.0
62.6
40.0
Digital divide has widened
significantly in the past decade.
30.0
20.0 18.5
10.0
0.0
0.8
2007
21.1
17.8
2008
2009
2010
Developing
Source: Calculated from ITU World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators database.
2011
2012
Developed
2013
2014*
Mobile Broadband Subscription Penetration Rates by Region, 2014
Levels are highest in Europe and the Americas
followed by the CIS, Arab States, Asia-Pacific, and
Africa.
Asia-Pacific has nearly 1 billion
MBS but lags in penetration rates.
The Digital World
THE INTERNET
Internet - A Brief History
Internet is not just WWW - WWW uses internet as do
many other applications such as e-mail, banking,
finance, traffic cameras, etc.
Starts with U.S. DARPA (Defence Advanced Research
Projects Agency) in 1958.
By 1969 ARPANet develops using ‘packet switching’
concept and technology still used today.
By late 1970s the TCP/IP used today was developed.
The term “internet” first coined in 1974 and refers to
those networks using the TCP/IP.
Internet - A Brief History
Original term “internet” comes from the
“interconnected networking” systems designed to
allow researchers and military analysts to
communicate.
Commercialization of internet started in 1986 and
allowed for home use of the system.
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) grew at an
astonishing rate between 1986 and the mid-1990s,
along with the WWW and thousands of internet
applications such as e-mail.
World Wide Web
WWW was conceived in 1980 by Tim Lee-Berniers, an
analyst with CERN (Conseil Européen pour la
Recherche Nucléaire).
By 1990 the first WWW site came on line at CERN.
By 1995 the WWW interface was used by Windows
thus making them accessible to the general public.
Between 1996 and 1998 the WWW becomes
commercialized as thousands of “dot.com” companies
develop.
Between 1999 and 2001 the largely unregulated
dot.com bubble appeared - and disappeared.
The dot.com Bubble 2000-2002
Many companies simply added the prefix ‘e’ or suffix ‘.com’ to their
traded names and thus raised their stock value far beyond that dictated
by their P/E ratio (price-to-earnings).
Note the “dot.com” spike around 2000 as
recorded by the NASDAQ – a tech heavy
exchange. Also note the S&P500, which is also
weighted with tech stocks.
There’s The Web and there’s the web.
10%?
90%?
Deepnet, Darknet, Freenet
Defined as that part of the
WWW that search engines
cannot find.
Deepnet comprised of
odds and ends such as
unrecognizable file formats
and the…
Darknet. Not a place to go
– keep out!
Mostly illicit and nasty stuff
hidden on purpose.
Darknet: spam, phishing, pirated movies,
music, games, an estimated 50,000
Also has Freenet, used by
extremist websites, 300 terrorist forums, dissidents in countries with
illicit goods eBay, TOR servers, P2P, Freenet.
censorship.
WORLD INTERNET USAGE AND POPULATION STATISTICS, 2014
World Regions
Population
( 2014 Est.)
Internet Users Internet Users Penetration Growth Users %
Dec. 31, 2000 Latest Data
(% Pop) 2000-2014 of Table
Africa
1,125,721,038
4,514,400
297,885,898
26.5 %
6,498%
9.8 %
Asia
3,996,408,007
114,304,000
1,386,188,112
34.7 %
1,112%
45.7 %
Europe
825,824,883
105,096,093
582,441,059
70.5 %
454%
19.2 %
Middle East
231,588,580
3,284,800
111,809,510
48.3 %
3,303%
3.7 %
North America
353,860,227
108,096,800
310,322,257
87.7 %
187%
10.2 %
Latin America
Caribbean
612,279,181
18,068,919
320,312,562
52.3 %
1,673%
10.5 %
Oceania
Australia
36,724,649
7,620,480
26,789,942
72.9 %
252%
0.9 %
7,182,406,565
360,985,492
3,035,749,340
42.3 %
741%
100.0 %
WORLD TOTAL
http://www.internetworldstats.com/stats.htm
Penetration of Households with Computers by Development Level
Number Per 100 Population
100.0
90.0
Penetration rates have doubled in the developed world and
increased about fourfold in the developing world. But the
developing world’s rates are still low overall.
78.4
80.0
70.0
60.0
50.0
47.2
44.7
Digital divide has widened in the
past decade.
40.0
30.0
36.6
31.2
20.0
10.0
8.1
0.0
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014*
Developing
Source: Calculated from ITU World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators database.
Developed
Number of Individuals Using The Internet by Development Level
3,000
About 3 billion users of the internet, a 61%
increase since 2005 with the highest growth
rate (76%) in the developing world.
2,500
Millions
2,000
1,500
1,000
500
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014*
Developing
Source: Calculated from ITU World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators database.
Developed
Share of Individuals Using The Internet by Development Level
Percent Share
In the developing world, share of all internet
users has increased by about 26%.
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014*
Developing
Developed
Source: Calculated from ITU World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators database.
Penetration of Individuals Using The Internet by Development Level
90.0
Per 100 Population
80.0
Penetration rates have increased by about a
half in the developed world and quadrupled
in the developing world.
78.3
70.0
60.0
50.0
45.9
50.9
Digital divide has widened slightly
in the past decade.
40.0
30.0
32.4
43.1
20.0
10.0
7.8
0.0
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014*
Developing
Source: Calculated from ITU World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators database.
Developed
Percentage of People Using the Internet by Region 2014
In Africa about 20% use the
internet, while in Europe it is
75%. About two thirds of
people in the Americas and
one third in Asia Pacific are
users.
TOP 20 COUNTRIES RANKED ON HIGHEST NUMBER OF INTERNET USERS 2013
Population, Internet Users Internet Users Penetration
% Growth
#
Country or Region
2014 Est
Year 2000
Dec 2013
(% Population) 2000 - 2013
1
China
1,355,692,576
22,500,000
620,907,200
45.8 %
2,659.6 %
2
United States
318,892,103
95,354,000
268,507,150
84.2 %
181.6 %
3
India
1,236,344,631
5,000,000
195,248,950
15.8 %
3,805.0 %
4
Brazil
202,656,788
5,000,000
109,773,650
54.2 %
2,095.5 %
5
Japan
127,103,388
47,080,000
109,626,672
86.2 %
132.9 %
6
Russia
142,470,272
3,100,000
87,476,747
61.4 %
2,721.8 %
7
Germany
80,996,685
24,000,000
69,779,160
86.2 %
190.7 %
8
Nigeria
177,155,754
200,000
67,319,186
38.0 %
33,559.6 %
9
United Kingdom
63,742,977
15,400,000
57,266,690
89.8 %
271.9 %
10 France
66,259,012
8,500,000
55,221,000
83.3 %
549.7 %
11 Indonesia
253,609,643
2,000,000
55,000,000
21.7 %
2,650.0 %
12 Mexico
120,286,655
2,712,400
52,276,580
43.5 %
1,827.3 %
13 Iran
80,840,713
250,000
45,000,000
55.7 %
17,900.0 %
14 Philippines
107,668,231
2,000,000
44,200,540
41.1 %
2,110.0 %
15 Egypt
86,895,099
450,000
43,065,211
49.6 %
9,470.0 %
16 Korea
49,039,986
19,040,000
41,571,196
84.8 %
118.3 %
17 Vietnam
93,421,835
200,000
41,012,186
43.9 %
20,406.1 %
18 Turkey
81,619,392
2,000,000
37,748,969
46.3 %
1,787.4 %
19 Italy
61,680,122
13,200,000
36,058,199
58.5 %
173.2 %
20 Spain
47,737,941
5,387,800
35,705,960
74.8 %
562.7 %
TOP 20 Countries
4,754,113,803
273,374,200 2,072,765,246
43.6 %
658.2 %
Rest of the World
2,427,744,816
87,611,292
729,713,688
30.1 %
732.9 %
Total World Users
7,181,858,619
360,985,492 2,802,478,934
39.0 %
676.3 %
Copyright © 2014, Miniwatts Marketing Group. All rights reserved worldwide.
Top Ten Languages Used in the Web Ranked by Top Language Used 2013
TOP TEN
LANGUAGES
IN THE
INTERNET
English
Chinese
Spanish
Arabic
Portuguese
Japanese
Russian
German
French
Malay
TOP 10
LANGUAGES
Rest of the
Languages
WORLD TOTAL
Internet Users
by Language
800,625,314
649,375,491
222,406,379
135,610,819
121,779,703
109,626,672
87,476,747
81,139,942
78,891,813
75,459,025
Internet
World
Internet Users
Penetration Users Growth
Population
% of World
(% Population
in Internet
for this
Total
Speaking
(2000 - 2013)
Language
(Participation)
Language)
(2014 Estimate)
58.4 %
468.8 %
28.6 % 1,370,977,116
46.6 %
1,910.3 %
23.2 % 1,392,320,407
50.6 %
1,123.3 %
7.9 %
439,320,916
36.9 %
5,296.6 %
4.8 %
367,465,766
46.7 %
1,507.4 %
4.3 %
260,874,775
86.2 %
132.9 %
3.9 %
127,103,388
61.4 %
2,721.8 %
3.1 %
142,470,272
85.7 %
194.9 %
2.9 %
94,652,582
20.9 %
557.5 %
2.8 %
377,424,669
26.6 %
1,216.9 %
2.7 %
284,105,671
2,362,391,905
48.5 %
696.1 %
84.3 %
4,856,715,562
440,087,029
19.0 %
585.2 %
15.7 %
2,325,143,057
2,802,478,934
39.0 %
676.3 %
100.0 %
7,181,858,619
Top Five Desktop and Tablet Browsers, 2008 to 2015
IE
Chrome
Firefox
Safari
Opera
Other
Top Ten Smartphone Browsers 2009-2015
Top Desktop and Tablet Search Engines, 2008 to 2015
Google
The Rest
Top 10 Desktop and Tablet Social Media, 2010 to 2015
Facebook
The rest.
Freedom on the Net 2011
https://freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-net/freedom-net-2014#.VQxxA9F0zIU
Freedom on the Net 2012
https://freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-net/freedom-net-2014#.VQxxA9F0zIU
Freedom on the Net 2013
https://freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-net/freedom-net-2014#.VQxxA9F0zIU
Freedom on the Net 2014
https://freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-net/freedom-net-2014#.VQxxA9F0zIU
Internet Penetration and Freedom on the Net 2014
Penetration high
Freedom high
Penetration low
Freedom high
Penetration high
Freedom low
As nations become
technically able to
provide internet,
the choice is
whether to leave it
free or not.
Penetration low
Freedom low
Freedom House organization
(an INGO) looks at all facets
of how free countries are.
This graph shows how free
countries are with their
internet.
It’s a sample of 60 countries
for which data is available. It
categorises them as:
17 free (28%)
14 not free (14%)
29 partly free (48%)
FH reports that net freedom
has declined since 2012.
How is the developing world doing digitally compared to the developed world since
2005 (developed rates first)?
Computers
Absolute
Numbers
% Share
% Growth
Rate
Not
available
Not
47% to 26%
available
Overall:
Penetration Digital Divide
Rate
since 2005
31% to 78%
Wider.
Internet Use
1.9b to
to 34%
76% to 35%but…
32% to 78%
Digital66%
divide
has widened,
981m
Most growth in developing world, and…
Wider.
Fixed
broadband
366m
to
53%
to 48%
78% to 55% world.
6% to 27%
Highest
shares
in developing
345m
Much wider.
Mobile
to 1bhas55%
to 45%in numbers
96% to 78%– three
21% toquarters
84% Much
wider.
Developing1.3b
worlds
strength
of the
broadband
Mobile
Phones
Landline
Phones
world’s population and growing is a huge market.
5.4b to 1.5b
78% to 22%
75% to 32%
90% to
121%
Much
narrower.
636m to
511m
55% to 45%
-20% to 16%
11% to 41%
Narrower.
Summing Up
Key element in globalisation is movement of ideas,
money, goods, people.
Growth in all aspects of digital and physical
movement has been high during the past three
decades.
If such movement leads to the diffusion of
information then the world has had ample
opportunity to be affected.
Other flows have also occurred in capital and in
goods, transferring their own information for better
and worse.