Transcript CVFD Training – Fire Protection Systems

CVFD Training – Fire Protection
Systems
SFFMA Training Objectives:
13-01.01 – 13-01.05
Functions of Fire Detection, Alarm,
Suppression Systems
•
•
To notify occupants of facility to take
necessary evasive action to escape dangers
of hostile fire
To summon organized assistance to initiate
or assist fire control activities
(Continued)
Firefighter I
16–2
Functions of Fire Detection, Alarm,
Suppression Systems
• To initiate automatic fire control, suppression
systems, sound alarm
• To supervise fire control, suppression systems
to ensure operational status maintained
(Continued)
Firefighter I
16–3
Functions of Fire Detection, Alarm,
Suppression Systems
• To initiate wide variety of auxiliary functions
involving environmental, utility, process
controls
(Continued)
Firefighter I
16–4
Automatic Sprinkler Protection
•
•
Consists of series of sprinklers arranged
so system will automatically distribute
sufficient quantities of water directly onto
fire
Water supplied to sprinklers through
system of piping
(Continued)
Firefighter I
16–5
Automatic Sprinkler Protection
• Sprinklers can extend
from exposed pipes or
protrude through
ceiling or walls from
hidden pipes
• Sprinkler coverage;
complete or partial
(Continued)
Firefighter I
16–6
Automatic Sprinkler Protection
• Standards used as guides for installing
sprinkler protection in most occupancies
• Sprinkler system should be listed by nationally
recognized testing laboratory
• Automatic sprinkler systems fail to operate
only in rare instances
Firefighter I
16–7
Effects of Sprinkler Systems on Life
Safety
•
Safety of building occupants enhanced by
presence of sprinkler system because it
discharges water directly onto fire while
still relatively small
(Continued)
Firefighter I
16–8
Effects of Sprinkler Systems on Life
Safety
• Because fire extinguished/controlled in early
growth stage, combustion products limited
• Sprinklers also effective in other situations
• There are times when sprinklers alone are not
as effective
Firefighter I
16–9
DISCUSSION QUESTION
What effect does a fire sprinkler system have
on firefighter safety?
Firefighter I
16–10
Control Valves
•
•
Part of every
sprinkler system
Used to turn off
water supply to
system in order to replace sprinklers,
perform maintenance, interrupt operations
(Continued)
Firefighter I
16–11
Control Valves
• Located between source of water supply,
sprinkler system
• Usually located immediately under sprinkler
alarm valve, dry-pipe or deluge valve, or
outside building near sprinkler system it
controls
(Continued)
Firefighter I
16–12
Control Valves
Either secured in open position with chain and padlock or electronically
supervised to make sure not inadvertently closed
Firefighter I
16–13
Indicating Control Valves
• Show at glance
whether open or
closed
• Outside stem and
yoke (OS&Y) valve
(Continued)
Firefighter I
16–14
Indicating Control Valves
• Post indicator
valve (PIV)
(Continued)
Firefighter I
16–15
Indicating Control Valves
• Wall post indicator valve (WPIV)
(Continued)
Firefighter I
16–16
Indicating Control Valves
• Post indicator valve
assembly (PIVA)
Firefighter I
16–17
Operating Valves
• Alarm test valve
• Inspector’s test valve
• Main drain valve
Firefighter I
16–18
Wet-Pipe Systems
•
•
Used in locations where
temperatures below 40°F
(4°C) not expected
Simplest type of automatic
fire sprinkler system
(Continued)
Firefighter I
16–19
Wet-Pipe Systems
• Generally require little maintenance
• Contain water under pressure at all times
• Connected to public/private water supply so
fused sprinkler immediately discharges water
spray, actuates alarm
(Continued)
Firefighter I
16–20
Wet-Pipe Systems
• Usually equipped with alarm check valve
installed in main riser adjacent to where feed
main enters building
• Newer versions may have a backflow
prevention check valve and electronic flow
alarm.
(Continued)
Firefighter I
16–21
Wet-Pipe Systems
• May be equipped with retarding device as part
of alarm check valve
Firefighter I
16–22
Dry-Pipe Systems
•
Used in locations
where piping may be
subjected to
temperatures below
40°F (4°C)
(Continued)
Firefighter I
16–23
Dry-Pipe Systems
• Have pitched (sloped) pipes to help drain
water in system back toward main drain
• Replace water in sprinkler piping with air
under pressure
(Continued)
Firefighter I
16–24
Dry-Pipe Systems
• Designed so small amount of air pressure
above dry-pipe valve will hold back much
greater water pressure on water supply side of
dry-pipe valve
• Equipped with electric or hydraulic alarmsignaling equipment
(Continued)
Firefighter I
16–25
Dry-Pipe Systems
• Larger systems may have several-minute delay
while air expelled from system
Firefighter I
16–26
Preaction Systems
•
•
Dry systems that employ deluge-type valve,
fire detection device, closed sprinklers
Used when especially important to prevent
water damage, even if pipes broken
(Continued)
Firefighter I
16–27
Preaction Systems
• Will not discharge water into sprinkler piping
except in response to smoke- or heatdetection system actuation
• Sound alarm to give warning before opening
of sprinklers
Firefighter I
16–28
Deluge Systems
•
•
Similar to dry-pipe system in no water in
distribution piping before system activation
Differ from dry-pipe systems in sprinklers
have no fusible links, do not function as fire
detection devices
(Continued)
Firefighter I
16–29
Deluge Systems
• Designed to quickly supply large volume of
water to protected area
• Sometimes used to discharge foam/other
extinguishing agents in occupancies
containing flammable liquids, other volatile
fuels
Firefighter I
16–30
Residential Systems
•
•
•
Installed in one- and
two-family dwellings
Designed to give
occupants of dwelling
chance to escape,
prevent total
involvement in room of origin
Employ quick-response sprinklers
(Continued)
Firefighter I
16–31
Residential Systems
• Use several types of piping systems
• Must have pressure gauge,
flow detector, means
for draining and testing
system
• Can be either connected
directly to public water supply or to dwelling’s
domestic water system
(Continued)
Firefighter I
16–32
Residential Systems
• Require control valve to turn off water to
sprinkler system and to domestic water
system if connected; if sprinkler system
supplied separately from domestic water
system, sprinkler control valve must be
supervised in open position
(Continued)
Firefighter I
16–33
Residential Systems
• Operate in same manner as other wetpipe/dry-pipe systems
• May be equipped with fire department
connection (FDC); FDC may be 1½-inch (38
mm) connection
Firefighter I
16–34
Important Factors in Occupancies With
Activated Sprinkler Systems
•
•
Early-arriving pumper
should connect to
FDC in accordance
with preincident plan
Firefighters should make
every effort to supply
adequate
water to operating
sprinkler system
Firefighter I
(Continued)
16–35
DISCUSSION QUESTION
What is the purpose of a pumper supplying
the FDC immediately?
Firefighter I
16–36
Important Factors in Occupancies With
Activated Sprinkler Systems
• Water supply may have to be conserved to
supply sprinkler system
• Sprinkler system control valves must be open
(Continued)
Firefighter I
16–37
Important Factors in Occupancies With
Activated Sprinkler Systems
• Sprinkler control valves should not be closed
until fire officers convinced further operations
will simply waste water, produce heavy water
damage, hamper progress of final
extinguishment
(Continued)
Firefighter I
16–38
Important Factors in Occupancies With
Activated Sprinkler Systems
• When a sprinkler
control valve closed,
firefighter with portable
radio should be stationed
at valve in case it needs
to be reopened
• In some departments, SOP to plug open
sprinklers rather than shut entire system
down
(Continued)
Firefighter I
16–39
Important Factors in Occupancies With
Activated Sprinkler Systems
• Pumpers should not be disconnected from
FDC until after extinguishment confirmed by
thorough overhaul
• Sprinkler equipment should be restored to
service before leaving premises
(Continued)
Firefighter I
16–40
Important Factors in Occupancies With
Activated Sprinkler Systems
• Firefighters may be required to stop flow of
water from single sprinkler that has been
activated
Firefighter I
16–41
Summary
•
Many of the buildings to which firefighters
are called for emergency operations are
protected partially or fully by automatic fire
detection and/or suppression systems.
(Continued)
Firefighter I
16–42
Summary
• Firefighters need to familiarize themselves
with the types of systems installed in their
area of responsibility. They should also learn
the locations of these systems as well as the
capabilities and limitations of each type of
system.
Firefighter I
16–43