Transcript A Nation Divided

A NATION DIVIDED
“Brother vs. Brother”
Things To Know
Key Figures
Advantages and Disadvantages
Major Battles
Emancipation Proclamation
Reconstruction Era
Confederate States
African-Americans Role
13th, 14th, 15th Amendments
Election of 1860
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Key issue
Candidates
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Outcome
Election of 1860
“Both parties deprecated war, but one of them would
make war rather than let the nation survive, and the
other would accept war rather than let it perish,
and the war came.” - Page 5
Election of 1860
Electoral Map
Secession
We, therefore, the People of South Carolina, by our delegates in
Convention assembled, appealing to the Supreme Judge of
the world for the rectitude of our intentions, have solemnly
declared that the Union heretofore existing between this State
and the other States of North America, is dissolved, and that
the State of South Carolina has resumed her position among
the nations of the world, as a separate and independent
State; with full power to levy war, conclude peace, contract
alliances, establish commerce, and to do all other acts and
things which independent States may of right do.
Declaration of the Immediate Causes Which Induce and Justify
the Secession of South Carolina from the Federal Union
Source: The Avalon Project, Yale Law School
Secession
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First state to secede December 20, 1860
 States that followed (deep south)
Border States – who seceded, who stayed
Establish Confederate States of America
 Jefferson Davis chosen president
 Capital is in Richmond, VA
EOC Review
Why was the issue of slavery in new US states and territories so
politically controversial in the 1800’s?
A.
Most politicians knew that they could not win enough votes to stay
in office if they did not openly oppose slavery
B.
Settlers in new territory opposed slavery and did not like the fact
that Congress was requiring them to allow the practice
C.
Southern pro-slavery leaders and Northern anti-slavery leaders
both wanted to maintain their power in Washington and spread
their ideology to new territories that would eventually become
new states
D.
Nearly every new state allowed slavery while almost all
politicians in Washington had decided that the practice should be
outlawed
Map Assignment
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Show the states and territories of 1860
Highlight states that remain union
Highlight border states
Highlight confederate states
Show geographical features : Mississippi River
Identify locations of major cities: be sure to include Memphis, Vicksburg,
and New Orleans (include capitals)
Locate Ft. Sumter
Identify locations of six key battles
Show where the main naval battle took place
Show where the North's blockade was placed
Show path of Sherman’s march
Location of Lee’s surrender
Key Figures in the War
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North
 Abraham
Lincoln
 Ulysses S. Grant
 George McClellan
 William Sherman
South
 Jefferson
Davis
 Robert E. Lee
 Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson
Who Will Win?
Advantages / Disadvantages
North vs South
North
 More factories
 More railway lines
 2/3 of nation’s population
South
 Better military leaders
 Fight a war of attrition
 Had the motivation (state rights)
Politics of War
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Lincoln's Challenges
 Party politics
 Divided democrats
 Opposition to war
 Conscription
 Habeas Corpus
Weak Southern Government
 State’s rights
 Opposition to Davis
Conscription, martial law, habeas corpus, taxes
First Modern War
A war fought with large armies, made up of civilian volunteers, requiring vast amounts of
equipment
Military Technology:
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Development of weapons
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Began use of trenches and barricades
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Attrition played a role
Southern Strategy:
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A defensive war
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Often soldiers went on the offensive
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South’s losses were larger than they could afford
North’s Anaconda Plan:
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Winfield Scott
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Block ports
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Use Mississippi R. to divide confederacy
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Isolate the confederacy
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Capture New Orleans, Vicksburg, and Memphis
The War
Key Battles: (When, Where, Who, Result)
Battle of Bull Run
Second Battle of Bull Run
Antietam
Chancellorsville
Gettysburg
Vicksburg
*Naval War
EOC Review
It was a major turning point in the war that ended
the South’s hopes of successfully invading the
North. In addition, many believe that had General
“Stonewall” Jackson been alive the South would
have won this battle and quite possibly the war.
Which battle was it?
1.
A.
B.
C.
D.
Gettysburg
Antietam
Vicksburg
Chancellorsville
EOC Review
The bloodiest single day of the war
 Stopped Lee’s first attempt to invade the North
 Gave Lincoln the opportunity to issue the Emancipation
Proclamation
 Good example of why you should never wrap your
cigars in the general’s top secret orders
Which battle does this list refer to?
A.
Gettysburg
B.
Antietam
C.
First battle of Bull Run
D.
Chancellorsville
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Two Brothers
Here stands the house as it used to stand
And one came back, and one was left
Ere the curse of strife came on the land
Where fleet Death wove his crimson weft
It stands as it stood that fateful day
But both were brave ; since this is true
When the two brave brothers marched away
But the rooms are cheerless, bare, and still
And a lone bird sings on the window sill
They were two brave boys and a mother’s pride
She watched them growing side by side
And she prayed for both as mothers pray
For the one in blue and the one in gray
For they could not think alike, and so
They parted , grieving; each to go
And add his little tithe of might
To help uphold what he deemed right
Each did the right as right he knew
What more could saints or angels do?
What matters it about the hue
Of coats they wore into the fray/
Brave hearts beat ‘neath both blue and gray
The War
Sherman's March
Union Victory
Lee’s Surrender
African-Americans
54th Massachusetts
Emancipation Proclamation
13th Amendment
14th Amendment
15th Amendment
O Captain My Captain
a poem by Walt Whitman
O Captain my Captain! our fearful trip is done,
The ship has weathered every rack, the prize we sought is won,
The port is near, the bells I hear, the people all exulting,
While follow eyes the steady keel, the vessel grim and daring;
But O heart! heart! heart!
O the bleeding drops of red,
Where on the deck my Captain lies,
Fallen cold and dead.
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O Captain! my Captain! rise up and hear the bells;
Rise up--for you the flag is flung for you the bugle trills,
For you bouquets and ribboned wreaths for you the shores a-crowding,
For you they call, the swaying mass, their eager faces turning;
Here Captain! dear father!
This arm beneath your head!
It is some dream that on the deck,
You've fallen cold and dead.
My Captain does not answer, his lips are pale and still;
My father does not feel my arm, he has no pulse nor will;
The ship is anchored safe and sound, its voyage closed and done;
From fearful trip the victor ship comes in with object won;
Exult O shores, and ring O bells!
But I, with mournful tread,
Walk the deck my Captain lies,
Fallen cold and dead.
Research Assignment
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Select two poems from Walt Whitman on Lincoln
Analyze each poem : discuss imagery, and
symbolism (approx. 1 page each typed single
spaced)
Select one poem regarding the civil war itself and
analyze
Write a poem of your own
One page final analysis of the impact of the Civil
War on the American psyche
Due?
Plan of Reconstruction
Lincoln’s Plan
Johnson’s Plan
Congressional Plan (Radical Rep.)
Freedman’s Bureau
First federal relief agency
 Provide clothing, meals, medical care, education,
and land
 Disbanded in 1869
African-Americans after the war:
 Sharecroppers and tenant farming
 Rise of churches
 Black schools
 Division within community
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A Southern Response
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Black codes (14th Amendment, Civil Rights Act of 1866)
Ku Klux Klan
Jim Crow Laws (literacy tests, poll taxes)
Carpetbaggers and Scalawags
Compromise of 1877
Election of Rutherford B. Hayes
Election was disputed
Republicans will agree to end Reconstruction