Transcript Key Words - 中国人民大学出版社有限公司 China

研究生英语听说教程（第三版）
主编 任林静 罗立胜
中国人民大学出版社
Unit 1
First Meetings
Section A
1. Informal
2. Formal
3. Formal
4. Informal
5. Formal
Exercise 1
Section A
Exercise 2
1. This is … Hi…
2. I’d like you to meet …
meet you.
It’s nice to
3. Hello,… It’s good to meet you.
4. Hi,… Yeah, I’m …
5. I don’t think we’ve met. I’m …
It’s a pleasure to meet you.
Section B
1. the weather
2. work
3. school
4. the movies
Exercise 1
Section B
Exercise 2
1. It looks like rain.
2. So what do you do?
3. Are you a student?
4. Are you going to see City of Angels?
Section C
Key Words
ice breaker – an ice breaker is what
you say to get a conversation started.
You need ice breakers to start
conversations with people you don’t
know or don’t know well.
elaborate – describe or explain sth.
in detail
entice – to attract
discreet – showing prudence and wise
self-restraint in speech and behavior
recap – to recapitulate; to make a
summary
hypocritical – showing beliefs, feelings,
or virtues that one does not hold or
possess
Section C
Exercise 1
1. Becoming a good conversationalist
requires knowing three things:
1) how to start a conversation
2) how to keep a conversation going
3) how to end a conversation
2. Examples of good ice breakers:
1) compliments
2) news events
3. Use elaboration technique to ask
questions about:
1) who
2) what
3) when
4) where
5) why
6) how
4. Use signals to end a conversation:
1) break eye contact
2) use transition words
3) a good, firm handshake
Section C
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
×
×
×
√
×
√
×
√
Exercise 2
Part III
Listening
Comprehension Test
1. B
6. D
2. C
7. C
3. A
8. C
4. B
9. A
5. D
10.A
Unit 2
Building Friendships
Section A
Key Words
deserve – to be worthy or deserving
raffle – a lottery in which a number of
persons buy chances to win a prize
Section A
Exercise 1
1. happy; got A on science test
2. happy; her sister had a baby girl.
3. happy; won 10 dollars
4. not happy; dog hit by a car
5. not happy; haven’t heard from
family for a long time
Section A
Exercise 2
1. Congratulations! That’s great!
2. How wonderful!
3. Boy, are you lucky!
4. That’s terrible! Is he okay?
5. How often do they usually write?
Section B
1. serious
2. not serious
3. not serious
4. serious
Exercise 1
Section B
Exercise 2
1. dinner, at 7:00 next Friday night
2. game or something; someday
3. get together sometimes
4. go to a movie; tomorrow night
Section C
Key Words
etiquette – practices and forms
prescribed by social convention or by
authority
anniversary – the annually recurring
date of a past event; a celebration
commemorating such a date
abbreviation – a shortened form
mourner – a person who mourns,
esp.
one who attends a funeral as a friend or
relative of the dead person
Section C
1. B
2. C
3. C
Exercise 1
Section C
Exercise 2
1. Congratulations!
2. I’m sorry.
3. Excuse me or Pardon me.
Part III
Listening
Comprehension Test
1. B
6. D
2. A
7. B
3. D
8. B
4. D
9. C
5. D
10. B
Unit 3
Marriage Matters
Section A
Key Words
quadruple – multiplied by four; fourfold
institution – a custom, practice,
relationship, or behavioral pattern of
importance in the life of a community or
society
spouse – a marriage partner; a
husband or wife
median – relating to or constituting
the middle value in a distribution
Section A
1. C
2. D
3. B
Exercise 1
Section A
Exercise 2
1. By middle age, about 92% of
Americans have been married at
least once.
2. Today only 56% American adults
are married and living with their
spouse.
3. Today there are about 77 million
unmarried adults in the U.S.
4. In 1970, the median age of a firsttime
bride was 20.6, and the
median age of a
groom was 22.5.
5. Today the median ages for the bride
and the groom are
25 and 27
respectively.
35% of younger adults
between ages 25 to 34 have never
6. About
been married.
7. Of the country’s
58 million married
couples, marriages between blacks
and whites are less than
0.3%.
Section B
Key Words
Mama mia – an Italian expression
used as an exclamation for the same
purpose as " My God! " or " My
Goodness!"
matchmaker – one who arranges or
tries to arrange marriages
Section B
1. A
2. B
3. C
4. C
Exercise 1
Section B
Exercise 2
First Story
1. One Friday night
2. forty years
Second Story
1. Christmas day
2. a year
Third Story
1. in a restaurant
2. hopes and dreams
Fourth Story
1. goals and values
2. six years
Section C
Key Words
breadwinner – one whose
earnings are the primary source
of support for one's dependents
homemaker – one who manages
a household
discard – to throw away; reject
chore – daily or routine domestic tasks
self-sufficient – able to provide for
oneself without the help of others;
independent
submissive – inclined or willing to
submit; obedient
Section C
Exercise 1
1. Husband is the breadwinner and wife
is the homemaker.
2. Women’s Liberation Movement in the
1960s
3. Individual goals/their own identity
4. Financial/money-making and
domestic/housekeeping
responsibilities
5. Marriage is based on a relationship of
equality and shared decision making.
Section C
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
×
×
×
×
×
√
×
×
Exercise 2
Part III
Listening
Comprehension Test
1. A
6. A
2. A
7. B
3. A
8. D
4. C
9. C
5. A
10.C
Unit 4
Holiday Celebrations
Section A
Exercise 1
1. New Year’s Day: January 1st.
2. Lincoln’s Birthday: February 12th.
3. Valentine’s Day: February 14th.
4. Washington’s Birthday: February 22nd.
5. St. Patrick’s Day: March 17th.
6. April Fool’s Day: April 1st.
7. Easter: March or April.
8. Mother’s Day: the second Sunday in May.
9. Memorial Day: May 30th.
10.Flag Day: June 14th.
11.Father’s Day: the third Sunday in June.
12.Independence Day: July 4th.
13.Labor Day: the first Monday in
September
14. Columbus Day: October 12th
15. Halloween: October 31st
16. Veterans’ Day: November 11th
17. Thanksgiving Day: the fourth Thursday
in November
18. Christmas: December 25th
Section A
Exercise 2
1. June 14th
2. Valentine’s Day
3. Thanksgiving
4. Independence Day
Section B
Key Words
festivity – the proceedings or events of
a festival
Times Square – an intersection in New
York City formed by the juncture of
Broadway, Seventh Avenue, and 42nd
Street in midtown Manhattan. Long
noted as a center of the city's
entertainment district, it is the site of
annual New Year's Eve celebrations
crystal – a high-quality clear, colorless
glass
descent – a lowering or decline, as in
status or level
flagpole – a pole on which a flag is raised
confetti – small pieces or streamers of
colored paper that are scattered around
during the course of festive occasions
resolution – determination
Section B
1. ×
6. ×
2. ×
7. ×
3. √ 8. √
4. √ 9. ×
5. √ 10. √
11. √
Exercise 1
Section B
1. B
2. B
3. C
4. A
5. B
Exercise 2
Section C
Key Words
costume – an outfit or a disguise worn on
Mardi Gras, Halloween, or similar
occasions
prank – a mischievous trick or practical
joke
crayon – a stick of colored wax, charcoal,
or chalk, used for drawing
masquerade – a costume party at which
masks are worn
carve – to cut into a desired shape
jack-o’-lanterns – pumpkin with holes
cut in it so that it looks like a face, used
as a lantern for fun
scarecrow – a crude image or effigy of a
person set up in a field to scare birds
away from growing crops
disguise – to modify the manner or
appearance of in order to prevent
recognition
Section C
1. √
2. ×
3. √
4. √
5. ×
6. ×
Exercise 1
Section C
Exercise 2
1. Mrs. Brown put the safety chain on her
door before she opened it.
2. Typical Halloween pranks include
soaping windows, writing on doors with
crayons, overturning garbage cans,
sticking pins into doorbells, throwing
raw eggs, and spraying shaving cream
on cars and friends.
3.
College students may attend
masquerade parties or Halloween
parades.
4.
Families carve pumpkins and decorate
homes with traditional Halloween
symbols.
5. Store windows display jack-o’-lanterns,
scarecrows and witches.
6.
Restaurant servers and sales people
often dress up in costume.
7.
Nightclubs and bars offer customers
prizes for the best disguises.
Part III
Listening
Comprehension Test
1.C
6.A
2.B
7.C
3.C
8.B
4.B
9.A
5.B
10.A
Unit 5
Vacationing
Section A
Key Words
cottage – a small home or retreat in the
countryside or in a natural study
houseboat – a barge designed and
equipped for use as a dwelling or cruiser
cruise – the act or an instance of
cruising, especially a sea voyage for
pleasure
dude ranch – a resort patterned after a
Western ranch, featuring camping,
horseback riding, and other outdoor
activities
resort – a place frequented by people for
relaxation or recreation
word of mouth – spoken
communication
the Mississippi – 密西西比河(发源于美
国中北部湖沼区,南注墨西哥湾,是世界上最
大的河流之一)
Section A
Exercise 1
1. A change of scene
2. Get close to nature
3. Guidebooks and travel magazines
Section A
Exercise 2
(1) visit the vast national parks.
(2) rent summer cottages near
swimming and boating facilities.
(3) camp out in tents.
(4) rent a houseboat and cruise down
the Mississippi.
(5) learn horse-riding on dude ranches.
(6) go to resorts for comfort, great food
and wide open spaces.
(1) state tourist bureaus
(2) travel agencies
(3) people who have been there
Section B
Key Words
save up – keep (money) for future use
split up – separate
Section B
1. B
2. C
3. C
Exercise 1
Section B
Exercise 2
The husband: a, d, e, g
The wife: b, c, f
Travel agent: h
Agent’s wife: i
Section C
Key Words
surpass – to be or go beyond, as in
degree or quality; exceed
expressway – a major divided
highway designed for high-speed
travel
Pablo Picasso – Spanish artist; One of the
most prolific and influential artists of the 20th
centuryPicasso excelled in painting, sculpture,
etching, stage design, and ceramics. With
Georges Braque he launched cubism (19061925), and he introduced the technique of
collage. Among Picasso's masterpieces are Les
Demoiselles d'Avignon (1907) and Guernica
(1937).
毕加索，帕布罗：(1881-1973) 西班牙画家，是20世纪
最多产和最有影响的画家之一。毕加索擅长绘画、雕刻、
蚀刻、舞台设计和制陶艺术。与乔治·布拉克开创了立体
主义画派(1906-1925年），并引入了拼贴艺术，毕加
索的杰作有阿维尼翁的小姐 (1907年） 和 格尔尼卡
(1937年）
Alexander Calder – American
sculptor who created the mobile in Paris
in the early 1930's and also produced
immobile abstract sculptures known as
stabiles
考尔德，亚历山大：(1898-1976) 美国雕塑
家，三十年代早期在巴黎创造了活动雕塑，并
且创立了固定的抽象雕塑，即众所周知的稳定
风格
Eero Saarinen – Finnish-born American
architect whose designs include the
General Motors Technical Center in
Warren, Michigan (1951-1955) and the
Trans World Airlines terminal at Kennedy
Airport in New York City (1962).
萨里南，艾罗：(1910-1961) 芬兰裔美国建
筑师，他曾设计了密西根州沃伦市的通用汽车技
术中心(1951-1955年）和纽约市肯尼迪国际
机场候机楼(1962年）
gateway – an opening or a structure
framing an opening, such as an arch;
Something that serves as an entrance
or a means of access
skyline – the outline of a group of
buildings or a mountain range seen
against the sky; the horizon
the Great Plains – 美国的大平原
Mount Rushmore – 拉什莫尔山
Chicago – the largest city of Illinois, in
the northeast part of the state on Lake
Michigan 芝加哥
Los Angeles – a city of southern
California on the Pacific Ocean in a
widespread metropolitan area 洛杉矶
Missouri – a state of the central United
States 密苏里州
South Dakota – a state of the northcentral United States 南达科他州
the Midwest –A region of the north-central
United States around the Great Lakes and
the upper Mississippi Valley. It is generally
considered to include Ohio, Indiana,
Illinois, Michigan, Wisconsin, Minnesota,
Iowa, Missouri, Kansas, and Nebraska.
The area is known for its rich farmlands
and highly industrialized centers.
美国中西部：美国中北部五大湖区及密西西比河上
游河谷周围的地区。通常认为包括俄亥俄州、印
第安那州、伊里诺斯州、密歇根州、威斯康星州、
明尼苏达州、爱荷华州、密苏里州、堪萨斯州及
内布拉斯加州。该地区以肥沃的耕地及高度工业
化的工业中心而闻名。
Section C
1. C
2. C
3. D
4. D
Exercise 1
Section C
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
√
Exercise 2
Part III
Listening
Comprehension Test
1. C
6. C
2. C
7. A
3. D
8. A
4. C
9. C
5. A
10. D
Unit 6
Travel
Section A
Key Words
invoice – a detailed list of goods shipped
or services rendered, with an account of
all costs; an itemized bill
Mombasa – a city of southeast Kenya
mainly on Mombasa Island, in the
Indian Ocean north of Zanzibar 蒙巴萨岛
supplement – something added
brochure – a small booklet or pamphlet,
often containing promotional material or
product information
compartment – a separate room,
section, or chamber
Section A
Exercise 1
Type of Transport
Destination
1.Bus
Superstore
2.Train
3.Taxi
4.Plane
5.Ship
6.Underground/tube
York
Nearest pharmacy
Paris
Mombasa
Piccadilly
Section A
1. ×
2. ×
3. √
4. √
5. ×
6. √
Exercise 2
Section B
Key Words
proceed – to go forward or onward
refreshment – a snack or light meal
and drinks
steward – an attendant on a ship or an
airplane
formality – an established form or rule
to be followed
block visa –
fortnight – a period of 14 days; two
weeks
buffet car – dining car 餐车
lager – a type of beer, originally brewed
in Germany
Section B
Exercise 1
1. New York, BA710, 10.30, Delayed
till 12.00
2. BA 989, 0437L, 14 days
3. York, 19.00, platform 4, cancelled
York, 20.00, platform 6, departure
time:21.00
4. Buffet open from 22.00 to 23.30
Tea √
Coffee √
Beer ×
Lager ×
Other alcoholic drinks ×
Cold sandwiches √
Section B
Exercise 2
1. Passengers with boarding cards can
get light refreshments from the
restaurant.
2. They are now cruising at an altitude of
36,000 feet. On take-off the captain
was informed that the radar
equipment developed technical
problems. Passengers will experience a
short delay in landing. They will be on
the ground by 19.30. The chief steward
will tell the passengers about landingcard formalities.
3. This is an announcement for passengers
traveling to York. Some of the trains have
been cancelled or delayed this evening.
4. This is your chief steward speaking. We
are pleased to announce that the buffet
car will be open after leaving
Peterborough. However, due to staff
shortages, it will close after leaving
Doncaster. Because of industrial action
some items of food and drink were not
delivered to the train.
Section C
Key Words
claim – a demand for something as
rightful or due; a demand for payment in
accordance with an insurance policy or
other formal arrangement
Geneva – a city of southwest
Switzerland located on Lake Geneva and
bisected by the Rhone River日内瓦
Section C
Exercise 1
Passenger’s name: John Francks
Arriving from: Geneva
Flight number: SA429
Passenger’s contact address: 32 Grosvenor
Terrace, London, W2Y 4AP
Contact telephone number: 017 437-8210
Description of luggage: 1 black suitcase, 1
black travel bag
Passenger’s signature: John Francks
Part III
Listening
Comprehension Test
1. C
6. B
2. B
7. D
3. D
8. B
4. C
9. B
5. C
10. D
Unit 7
Hotel Stay
Section A
Key Words
lodging – sleeping accommodations
accessible – easily approached or
entered
encompass – to constitute or include
interior – of, relating to, or located on
the inside
spa – a resort having mineral springs;
providing therapeutic baths
boutique – small but exquisite; a small
retail shop that specializes in gifts,
fashionable clothes, accessories, or food
showcase – to display prominently,
especially to advantage
acreage – area of land measured in acres
communally – for the use of all; shared by
impoverished – poor
backpacker – hikers carrying a backpack
Section A
Exercise 1
1. Rooms run from basic to five-star (Hotel)
2. Rooms open to the parking lot (Motel)
3. Rooms individually decorated (Boutique)
4. Free breakfast (Motel; B&B)
5. Share bathroom (B&B; Hostel)
6. Feel like at a friend’s house (B&B)
7. Popular in Europe and Australia (Hostel)
8. Very cheap (Hostel)
9. Very expensive (Boutique)
10. Easy access (Motel)
11. Do the shopping (Resort)
12. For students and backpackers (Hostel)
13. For families, honeymooners, gamblers
(Resort)
14. Conference rooms (Hotel)
15. Lots of personal attention
(Boutique, B&B)
16. Noisy and less private (Hostel)
17. Lots of parking (Motel)
18. Fun place to meet people (Hostel)
19. Pools and spas (Resort)
20. High-quality service (Boutique)
21. Great food (Resort)
22. Theme-based (Boutique)
Section B
Key Words
oui – yes [French]
monsieur – a form of polite address for
a man in a French-speaking area
metro – subway
Section B
1. C
2. B
3. A
Exercise 1
Section B
1. ×
2. ×
3. ×
4. ×
5. √
Exercise 2
Section C
Key Words
continental breakfast –
breakfast consisting usually of coffee
or tea and a roll 欧式早餐
panel – a board having switches or
buttons to control an electric device
install – to set in position and connect
or adjust for use
Finnish – of or relating to Finland
Section C
Exercise 1
1. breakfast in the room
2. dress cleaned
3. early call
4. rent a TV
5. find a maid
Section C
1. √
2. ×
3. ×
4. ×
5. √
Exercise 2
Colonial Williamsburg
Woodlands
Patriot's Plan: S easonal Rates
Woodlands Suites
Governor's Inn
210
Rates per
person
200
190
180
170
160
150
S ummer
Leisure
Peak
seasons
Part III
Listening
Comprehension Test
1. A
6. D
2. D
7. A
3. B
8. B
4. D
9. C
5. A
10. B
Unit 8
Weather
Section A
Key Words
the Mediterranean – the region
surrounding the Mediterranean Sea
地中海沿岸地区
the Alps – groups of high mountains
mostly in Switzerland, France and Italy
阿尔卑斯山脉
the British Isles – a group of islands off the
northwest coast of Europe comprising Great
Britain, Ireland, and adjacent smaller islands
不列颠群岛
Scandinavia – a region of northern Europe
consisting of Norway, Sweden, and Denmark.
Finland, Iceland, and the Faeroe Islands are
often included in the region 斯堪的纳维亚
centigrade – Celsius; a temperature
scale that registers the freezing point
of water as 0 and the boiling point as
100 under normal atmospheric
pressure
gust – a strong, abrupt rush of wind
Section A
Exercise 1
Sunny:
The British Isles
Fair:
Southern Scandinavia
Cloudy: Central and Northern France
Rain:
Southern Europe
Snow:
The Alps
Cold and clear: Eastern Europe
Windy:
Northern Germany
Section A
1. ×
2. √
3. √
4. ×
5. √
6. √
7. √
Exercise 2
Section B
Key Words
British Columbia – a province of western
Canada bordering on the Pacific Ocean 不
列颠哥伦比亚省
Seattle – a city of west-central Washington
西雅图
San Diego – a city of southern California
圣地亚哥
Oklahoma City – capital city of Oklahoma,
a state of the south-central United States
俄克拉何马城
Houston – a city of southeast Texas 休斯顿
Miami – a city of southeast Florida 迈阿密
Toronto – the capital and largest city of
Ontario, Canada, in the southern part of
the province on Lake Ontario 多伦多
Montreal – a city of southern Quebec,
Canada, on Montreal Island in the St.
Lawrence River 蒙特利尔
thermometer – an instrument for
measuring temperature
flurry – a brief, light snowfall
update – information that updates
Fahrenheit – of or relating to a temperature
scale that registers the freezing point of
water as 32=F and the boiling point as
212=F at one atmosphere of pressure
华氏温标
Section B
Exercise 1
British Columbia down to northern
California: raining
Seattle: 50 degrees
Southern California: sunny, warmer
temperature
San Diego: 78 degrees
Midwest: clear but windy
Oklahoma City: sunny with strong
winds, 65 degrees
Houston: cloudy, 69 degrees
Miami: cloudy, windy, 64 degrees
New York City: heavy rains and high
winds, 35 degrees
Montreal: snow flurries, 28 degrees
Toronto: sunny, 30 degrees
Section C
Key Words
equator – the imaginary great circle
around the earth's surface, dividing the
earth into the Northern Hemisphere and
the Southern Hemisphere
elevation – the height of a thing above
a reference level; altitude
breeze – a light wind
gale – a very strong wind
hail – precipitation in the form of pellets
of ice and hard snow
Section C
1. A
2. C
3. A
Exercise 1
Section C
1. ×
2. √
3. ×
4. √
5. ×
6. √
Exercise 2
Cancun Region
85
Average monthly temperature
80
75
70
J
F
M
A
M
J
J
A
S
O
N
D
Average precipitation in inches
12
9
6
3
0
J
F
M
A
M
J
J
A
S
O
N
D
Part III
Listening
Comprehension Test
1. D
6. D
2. D
7. C
3. B
8. D
4. B
9. B
5. B
10. C
Unit 9
Leisure-time Activities
Section A
Key Words
thrift shop – a shop that sells used
articles, especially clothing
go broke – go bankrupt
neat – (slang) wonderful; terrific
Section A
Exercise 1
Person 1: shopping
Person 2: work
Person 3: jogging tennis gardening
Person 4: hiking camping sailing
skydiving
Person 5: plays ballet concerts opera
movies
Person 6: books dancing animals
restaurants sleep
Section A
Exercise 2
1. At thrift shops because it’s cheap.
2. Because he sits at a computer all
day
3. Neat / wonderful
4. Classic foreign films
Section B
Key Words
cowpoke – cowboy
shoot-out – gunfight
pan – to wash (gravel, for example) in a
pan for gold or other precious metal
prospector – one who explores an area
for mineral deposits or oil
sirree – sir; used for emphasis after yes
or no
matinee – an entertainment, such as a
dramatic or musical performance, given
in the daytime, usually in the afternoon
Section B
Exercise 1
Opening days: seven days a week
Opening times: Monday to Friday: 9 – 6
Saturday: 9 – 8
Sunday: 9 – 5
Tickets cost: ₤5 adults
₤2.50 students, children under 16
and old age pensioners
Monday – free
Additional information: two hours to go round
Credit cards accepted
Opening months: April through September
Opening days: seven days a week
Opening times: 10 a.m. to sundown_
Wide West Show takes place: Saturday and
Sunday
Performances start: 10 a.m.
Performances last: 2½ hours
Price of admission: Adults: 12
Children:_$6
Family ticket: $24
(Wild West show: $2 extra per adult )
Additional information: free buses to the park
throughout the day every Saturday and
Sunday from Cactus City Centre
Performance days: Monday to Saturday
Matinee days: Wednesday and Saturday
Performance starts: 8 p.m.
Matinee starts: 2 p.m.
Performance finishes: 10.45 p.m. Matinee
finishes: 4.45p.m.
Tickets cost: ₤10, ₤12.50 and ₤15
Additional information: some tickets may
be available at half price half an hour
before the performance starts.
Section C
Key Words
spectator – audience
aquarium – a place for the public
exhibition of live aquatic animals and
plants
circus – a public entertainment consisting
typically of a variety of performances by
acrobats, clowns, and trained animals; a
traveling company that performs such
entertainments
rodeo – a public competition or exhibition
in which skills such as riding broncos or
roping calves are displayed
Nevada – a state of the western United
States 内华达州
casino – a public room or building for
gambling and other entertainment
lottery – way of raising money by selling
numbered tickets and giving prizes to the
holders of numbers selected at random
reservation – a tract of land set apart
by the federal government for a special
purpose, especially one for the use of a
Native American people
bet
– something valuable risked on an
uncertain outcome; put money on
something
Section C
1. D
2. C
3. A
Exercise 1
Section C
Exercise 2
1. Many Americans are not satisfied to be
merely spectators and listeners.
2. Many high-quality amateur
performances can be found all over the
U.S.
3. Theater groups, orchestras, and bands
can easily get volunteers to perform
at reasonable prices.
4. Most bigger cities have zoos and
aquariums for people to enjoy animals.
5. Rodeos are a form of entertainment
popular in the American Southwest, Latin
America and Australia.
6. Americans put different animals on the
racetrack, for example, horses, dogs,
pigeons, and pigs.
7. Today 37 states have lottery games and
22 states have gambling casinos on
Native American reservations. Many
states have riverboat gambling casinos.
8. Informal gambling among friends and
coworkers includes bets on major
sporting events or Friday evening poker
games.
Part III
Listening
Comprehension Test
1. C
6. D
2. C
7. D
3. B
8. C
4. A
9. D
5. B
10.A
Unit 10
Sports
Section A
1. ×
2. ×
3. ×
4. √
5. √
Exercise 1
Section A
Exercise 2
1. At 9.15 at Sue’s place
2. Because it’s out of his way.
3. Phil Stone
Section B
Key Words
appeal – attract
pastime – an activity that occupies
one's spare time pleasantly
pitcher – the player who throws the
ball from the mound to the batter
batter – the player who hits the ball
ball park – place where baseball is played
padding – a soft material used to make
pads or a pad
gear – equipment, such as tools or clothing,
used for a particular activity
shot – an attempt to score in a game
Section B
Exercise 1
Baseball: called the national pastime;
hitting the ball is quite a challenge;
professional baseball season ends
with the World Series
Football: injuries are fairly common;
both college football (Bowl games)
and professional football (the Super
Bowl) attract huge audiences
Basketball: most popular indoor sport;
nearly every park has a basketball
net and hard-surface playing area;
29 professional men’s teams
Section B
1. √6. √
2. √7. ×
3. ×
8. √
4. ×
9. √
5. ×
10. √
Exercise 2
Section C
Key Words
preach – to advocate, especially to
urge acceptance of
blend – mixture
strenuous – requiring great effort,
energy, or exertion
bowling – a game played by rolling a
ball down a wooden alley in order to
knock down a triangular group of ten
pins; tenpins
workout – a session of exercise or
practice
daredevil – recklessly bold
parachute – an apparatus used to retard
free fall from an aircraft
cliff – a high, steep, or overhanging face
of rock
bungee jumping – diving from a
height while secured by elasticated ropes
attached to the ankles 蹦极跳
Section C
1. B
2. D
3. C
4. B
5. D
Exercise 1
Section C
Exercise 2
1. Doctors highly recommend golf and
they often practice what they preach.
The achievements of Tiger Woods is an
inspiration to golfers everywhere. He
is a man of American ulticulturalism.
His ethnic background is a blend of
African-American, Native American,
Chinese, European, and Thai!
2. Bowling is not extremely strenuous and
appeals to a wide age range. Many
bowling leagues are formed by
coworkers or members of community
organizations.
3. Tennis provides a very vigorous workout.
When two people play against each other,
it’s called singles; when four people play,
it’s called doubles.
4. Extreme sports involve speed, high skill,
and danger. They include daredevil
tricks on snowboards, skateboards,
and bicycles; parachute jumps off
bridges or cliffs; bungee jumping;
barefoot waterskiing; and skydiving.
Most Americans consider extreme sports
enthusiasts extremely foolish. Others
see them as having traditional
pioneering, adventurous spirit.
Part III
Listening
Comprehension Test
1. C
6. A
2. C
7. B
3. B
8. C
4. C
9. A
5. D
10. C
Unit 11
The Olympic Games
Section A
Key Words
emblem – an object or a representation
that functions as a symbol
Olympiad – an interval of four years
between celebrations of the Olympic
games
Antwerp – a city of northern Belgium
安特卫普
logo – a name, symbol, or trademark
designed for easy and definite recognition
Section A
1. C
2. B
3. D
Exercise 1
Section A
1. 88%
2. 36%
3. 88%
4. 92%
5. 74%
Exercise 2
Section B
Key Words
Sailing 帆船
Synchronized Swimming
Diving
花样游泳
跳水
Water Polo
水球
Rhythmic Gymnastics
Canoe/kayak –Flatwater
Archery 射箭
艺术体操
皮划艇静水
Judo
柔道
Wrestling
Shooting
摔跤
射击
Taekwondo
Equestrian
Triathlon
跆拳道
马术
铁人三项
Modern Pentathlon
Fencing
击剑
Trampoline
Softball
现代五项
蹦床
垒球
Artistic Gymnastics
Athletics
田径
Canoe/Kayak-Slalom
Rowing
体操
赛艇
皮划艇激流回旋
Section B
Exercise 1
1. Sailing
2. Synchronized Swimming
3. Swimming
4. Diving
5. Water Polo
6. Rhythmic Gymnastics
7. Canoe/kayak-Flatwater
8. Weightlifting
9. Baseball
10. Archery
11. Judo
12. Wrestling
13. Shooting
14. Boxing
15. Football
16. Basketball
17. Table tennis
18. Taekwondo
19. Equestrian
20. Triathlon
21. Modern Pentathlon
22. Fencing
23. Trampoline
24. Volleyball
25. Beach Volleyball
26. Badminton
27. Softball
28. Cycling
29. Tennis
30. Handball
31. Hockey
32. Artistic Gymnastics
33. Athletics
34. Canoe/Kayak-Slalom
35. Rowing
Section C
Key Words
couplet – a unit of verse consisting of two
successive lines
cutesy – deliberately or affectedly cute
mascot – a person, an animal, or an object
believed to bring good luck, especially
one kept as the symbol of an
organization such as a sports team
carnival – a festival marked by
merrymaking and feasting
calligraphy – the art of fine handwriting
Section C
Exercise 1
Person 1: a little disappointing
Person 2: not so unexpected
Person 3: better than expected
Person 4: nice
Person 5: like it very much
Section C
Exercise 2
1. It takes some time to get used to it.
2. It is the best symbol color of China.
3. It’s fun, but it’s also a serious
sporting event.
4. The hidden calligraphy looks
Chinese character “Jing” (京) and the
shape looks like a stone.
5. It looks like a personal stamp.
Part III
Listening
Comprehension Test
Passage one
1. B
2. C
3. D
Passage two
4. D
5. B
6. A
7. D
Unit 12
Shopping
Section A
Key Words
adaptor – device that connects pieces of
equipment that were not orginally
designed to connect
razor – a sharp-edged cutting instrument
used especially for shaving the face or
removing other body hair
Continental – European
receipt – a written acknowledgment
that a specified article, sum of money,
or shipment of merchandise has been
received
Section A
Exercise 1
1. Store
Adaptor
₤6.85
Cash
2. Lambswool sweater
₤28.99
Credit card – Mastercard
Section A
Exercise 2
1. Electrical supplies
2. ₤2.55
3. ₤3.15
4. Navy blue
5. V-neck and Round-neck
6. Small
Section B
Key Words
catalog – a list or itemized display of
articles for sale, usually including
descriptive information or illustrations
in stock – available for sale or use
expire – to come to an end; terminate
credit – to enter as a credit
记入帐户的贷方
Section B
Exercise 1
Catalog Page No.: 36
Item: (women’s snowflake print) wool
sweater
Size: 12
Color: royal blue
Way of Payment: credit card – Chase Visa
Credit Card No.: 4356-67-9087
Expiratory Date: August 8, 2012
Full Name of Purchaser: Ann T. Dowell
Delivery Time: ten days
Delivery Address:
436 North Plain Street
Brownsville, Missouri 65790
Section C
Key Words
retailer – tradesman who sells by retail
mall – a large, often enclosed shopping
complex
deal – a business transaction
bargain – a good deal or a reasonable
price
discount store – a store that sells
merchandise, especially consumer goods,
at a discount from the manufacturer's
suggested retail price. Also called
discounter, discount house
variety store – a retail store that
carries a large variety of usually
inexpensive merchandise
Section C
Exercise 1
Ken: On the Internet; There are a lot of
retailers, it’s cheaper and faster, and you
can get things sent to you the next day.
Anna: Department stores/Discount
stores/Variety stores. She likes to
physically see and try on things, likes
different kinds of places, and likes
window-shopping.
Part III
Listening
Comprehension Test
1. A day after Thanksgiving Day
2. A 24-hour stop on consumer
spending/ a consumer fast for one
day
3. A loose union of international groups
4. Make people aware of overconsumption and its environmental
and social consequences.
5. Nonmaterial things
6. Shop around.
7. Check shipping and handling charges.
8. Stick with companies you know.
9. Use your credit card.
10. Look for security guarantees.
Unit 13
Marketing Strategies
Section A
Key Words
telemarketing – use of the telephone
in marketing goods or services
subscription – a purchase made by
signed order, as for a periodical for a
specified period of time
flamenco – a dance style of the
Andalusian Gypsies characterized by
forceful, often improvised rhythms
database – a collection of data
arranged for ease and speed of search
and retrieval.Also called data bank
Section A
1. B
2. A
3. C
4. B
5. A
Exercise 1
Section A
Exercise 2
Telemarketer: offer
Man: subscription, airfare, flamenco
Telemarketer: trial, introductory
Telemarketer: access
Man: fitness
Telemarketer: once-in-a-lifetime
Man: pass, list.
Telemarketer: database, representative
Section B
Key Words
subzero – below zero
patented – protected by a grant made
by a government that confers upon the
creator of an invention the sole right to
make, use, and sell that invention for a
set period of time
filling – something used to fill a space,
cavity, or container
bulky – large-sized
compact – occupying little space
compared with others of its type
take off – to achieve wide use or
popularity
word-processing – the creation, input,
editing, and production of documents
and texts by means of computer
systems
gizmo – a gadget
Section B
Exercise 1
Suzero sleeping bag: Yes. They’re warm,
take up less room, and are
lightweight.
Compact, portable electronic dictionary: No.
Kids have computers and don’t need
dictionaries.
Remote-control device for your car: Yes.
(during the winter holidays)It sends
out a signal that warms up your car.
Section C
Key Words
insecticide – chemical substance used to
kill insects
cockroach – any of numerous oval, flatbodied insects that are common
household pests
woodworm – a worm or an insect larva
that bores into wood
scrub – to rub hard in order to clean
disinfect – to cleanse so as to destroy or
prevent the growth of disease-carrying
microorganisms
creepy-crawly – insect thought of as
unpleasant or frightening
do the trick – It works; succeed
spray – to disperse (a liquid) in a mass or
jet of droplets
Section C
Exercise 1
Name: Mrs. Mary Egerton
Address: 12 Holly Crescent, Peterford
Age: Over 50
Occupation: Housewife
Why did you buy Pestaway? Cockroaches
How long have you been using Pestaway?
About two years
How often do you use it?
About every six weeks
Where do you use it?
In the kitchen around the skirting
board, under the stove
Where did you buy it? Corner shop
How did you first hear about Pestaway?
Radio advertisement
Are you with Pestaway? Satisfied
Part III
Listening
Comprehension Test
Talk one
1. B
2. A
3. B
Talk two
1. analyzing marketing problems
scientifically
2. teenagers, high-income groups, senior
citizens
3. population groups or geography
4. sales and profits
5. advertising research, market analysis,
performance analysis, and product
research
Unit 14
About Health
Section A
Key Words
poison oak – North American shrubs
related to poison ivy and causing a
rash on contact
rash – a skin eruption
Section A
Exercise 1
1. a backache
2. a sore throat and a stiff neck
3. a stuffy nose, a cough, and a fever
4. a fever and a sick stomachache
5. a headache
6. a rash
Section A
Exercise 2
1. You want some aspirin?
2. We’d better stretch after we
exercise.
3. You should go home and go to bed.
4. Is there anything I can do?
5. Why don’t you go home and rest?
6. Next time we’ll be more careful.
Section B
Key Words
infection – becoming ill through
contact with bacteria, etc.
aerobics – a system of physical
conditioning designed to enhance
circulatory and respiratory efficiency
that involves vigorous, sustained
exercise, such as jogging, swimming,
or cycling, thereby improving the
body's utilization of oxygen
Section B
Exercise 1
The student has a bad cold.
Section B
Exercise 2
1. You must sleep more.
2. You have to eat better.
3. You should exercise more.
Section C
1. No time.
2. No money.
3. Too tired.
4. Bad weather.
5. Embarrassed.
Exercise 1
Section C
Exercise 2
1. No time: You should take two or
three short walks every day.
2. No money: You don’t have to join a
gym. Walk.
3. Too tired: Exercise every day – it
will give you energy.
4. Bad weather: Exercise inside.
5. Embarrassed: Don’t feel bad; you
should feel great!
Part III
Listening
Comprehension Test
1. Exercise everyday
2. Get enough sleep.
3. Eat green things.
4. Don’t smoke.
5. Don’t drink a lot of alcohol.
6. Wear a seatbelt.
7. Drink lots of water.
8. Visit your doctor for regular check-
ups.
9. Reduce stress.
10. Spend time with friends and family.
Unit 15
You Are What You Eat
Section A
Key Words
prawn – any of various edible
crustaceans similar to but larger than
the shrimps
avocado – the edible fruit of a tropical
American tree
filet – small tender piece of meat without
bones
sole – any of various chiefly marine flatfish
casserole – a dish, usually of earthenware,
glass, or cast iron, in which food is both
baked and served
Bordeaux – a red or white wine originally
produced in the region around Bordeaux,
France
fizzy – having a lot of bubbles of gas that
make a hissing sound
Section A
Exercise 1
Name: Simons
No. of guests: 4
Day: Saturday
Time: 9.30
Starters: prawns (1), snails (1), avocado (2)
Main courses: pork fillet (2), sole (1), beef
casserole (1)
Drinks: Bordeaux red, mineral water
Section B
Key Words
gravy – the juices that drip from cooking
meat
corn on the cob – maize cooked with
all the grains still attached to the stalk
mashed – a crushing or grinding
prime rib – cut of meat from the ribs
of an animal
vinegar – sour liquide made from malt,
wine, cider, etc by fermentation and
used for flavouring food
thousand island – a kind of salad
dressing
Section B
Exercise 1
Woman: fried chicken, biscuits and
gravy, potatoes (mashed),
chocolate pie, coffee
Man: sole, green salad, fruit salad,
water
Section B
Exercise 2
The man. The man’s meal contains
more vegetables and fruits.
Section C
Key Words
starchy – containing starch
tissue – cells that perform one or more
specific functions in the body
cholesterol – a white, crystalline
substance found in animal tissues and
various foods
artery – any of a branching system of
muscular, elastic tubes that carry blood
away from the heart to the cells, tissues,
and organs of the body
deficiency – a lack or shortage, especially of
something essential to health
citrus – edible fruits that have a leathery,
aromatic rind
calcium – chemical element found as a
compound in bones and teeth
iodine – non-metallic element found in sea
water and seweed
anaemia – condition of the blood caused by
a lack of red corpuscles, making a person
look pale
lentils – plant grown for its small bean-like
seeds
molasses – thick dark syrup drained from
raw sugar during the refining process
Section C
1.
2.
3.
4.
Exercise 1
Carbohydrates: They produce energy.
Protein: It is used for tissue building.
Fat: It produces energy.
Vitamins: Vitamin A is good to vision,
skin and resist infection. Vitamin C
prevents colds and low energy
states.
5. Minerals: Calcium helps build our
bones and teeth. Iron prevents
anaemia.
Section C
Exercise 2
1. Bread, potatoes and sugar.
2. They can be converted to fat and
cause a condition of overweight.
3. Meat and cheese.
4. 70g
5. It may cause increased cholesterol
levels in the blood.
6. 40
7. Vitamin A: carrots, rose-hips, liver
Vitamin C: oranges and other citrus
fruit
8. Calcium: milk
Iron: liver, lentils, molasses, dates
Part III
Listening
Comprehension Test
1. It is food (either a plant or animal)
that has been altered in the
laboratory by scientists.
2. They need fewer pesticides.
They grow better than normal plants.
They stay fresh longer after they are
harvested.
3. They may dominate other plants
in the environment.
They might hurt wild animals and
insects.
They might even hurt the people
who eat them.
Simulated Listening Test 1
Section A
1. C
6. C
2. B
7. C
3. A
8. A
4. C
9. B
5. B
Section B
10.B
11.D
12.D
13.D
14.B
15.D
Section C
16. the objectives and requirements
17. reading and writing
18. library research
19. participate in the discussion
20. the evaluation criteria
Simulated Listening Test 2
Section A
1. B
6.D
2. A
7.B
3. C
8.C
4. B
9.A
5. D
Section B
10.C
11.C
12.A
13.D
14.D
15.A
Section C
16. What makes people happy
17. Happy people are satisfied with
themselves.
18. Happy people are optimistic.
19. Happy people have good
relationships with other people.
20. Psychology
Unit 16
Personality
Section A
Type
Type
Type
Type
Type
Type
Type
Type
Type
1:
2:
3:
4:
5:
6:
7:
8:
9:
Exercise 1
Perfectionists
Helpers
Achievers
Romantics
Observers
Questioners
Adventurers
Asserters
Peacemakers
Section A
Exercise 2
_i_ cheerful
_g_ energetic
_d_ expressive
_f_ loyal
_c_ ambitious
_e_ knowledgeable
_b_ caring
_h_ productive
_a_ well-organized
Section B
Key Words
temperament – the manner of thinking,
behaving, or reacting characteristic of a
specific person
autonomy – the condition or quality of
being autonomous; independence
pragmatist – a person who acts in a
practical way
impulsive – inclined to act on impulse
rather than thought
integrity – steadfast adherence to a strict
moral or ethical code
Section B
Exercise 1
1. Because the strengths of one
worker can overcome the
weaknesses of another.
2. They refer to the importance that
we give to ideas, things, or people.
3. It refers to the distinctive way you
think, feel, and react to the world.
Section B
Exercise 2
1.Traditionalists: value hard work,
doing things the way they’ve
always been done, loyalty to the
organization, and the authority of
leaders
2.Humanists: value quality of life,
autonomy, loyalty to self, and leaders
who are attentive to workers’ needs
3.Pragmatists: value success,
achievement, loyalty to career, and
leaders who reward people for hard
work
Section C
Key Words
Rudyard Kipling – British writer who won
the 1907 Nobel Prize for literature
twain – two
angular – having, forming, or consisting of
an angle or angles
verse – work of a poet
filial piety – respect for and obedience to
a parent
Confucian – of, relating to, or
characteristic of Confucius, his teachings,
or his followers
Taoist – of, relating to, or characteristic
of a Chinese religion Taoism
Buddhist – of, relating to, or
characteristic of an Asian religion
Buddhism
inherit – to receive from an ancestor
Section C
Exercise 1
I. Nhan and Hung are different in looks.
A. Nhan
1. physical appearance:
short, small; full, moon-shaped face;
small arms and feet; smooth, white
skin; look like an early twentiethcentury intellectual
2. clothes: formal and traditional
B. Hung
1. physical appearance:
tall, muscular and big-boned;
straight as an arrow; long and
angular face; strong feet and arms;
shoulders and chest are hairy,
large and full.
looks like an American boxer
2. clothes:
T-shirts and jeans or sports clothes
II. Nhan and Hung differ in personality.
B. Hung
1. self-centered; only smiles
when happy
2. likes:
science and technology; sun
baths;
Coca-Cola; rock and roll music
III. Nhan and Hung have different attitudes
toward life.
B. Hung
1. concerned with material needs
2. affected by western theories of
real values
Part III
Listening
Comprehension Test
1. C
2. C
3. D
4. C
5. A
6. B
Unit 17
Family Life
Section A
1. B
2. A
3. A
4. B
5. A
6. B
7. B
Exercise 1
Section B
Key Words
nuclear family – the family considered
as mother, father and children only,
and not including any less close
relations
sibling – a brother or sister
hop – to make a quick trip, especially in
an airplane
Section B
1. C
2. D
3. D
Exercise 1
Section B
1. ×
2. √
3. √
4. ×
5. ×
6. ×
7. √
Exercise 2
Section C
Key Words
rivalry – the act of competing or
emulating; the state or condition of
being a rival
ambivalent – of coexistence of opposing
attitudes or feelings, such as love and
hate, toward a person, an object, or an
idea
toss – to be thrown here and there; to
move about restlessly
Section C
Exercise 1
1. The battle of the sexes: Husband and
wife fight for control of the family.
2. Sibling rivalry: competition and
jealousy between brothers and
sisters.
3. Generation gap: Parents have difficulty
understanding the attitudes and
behavior of their children and vice
versa.
4. In-law problems: especially when
parents try to interfere in the lives of
their married children.
Section C
Exercise 2
1. Today’s family tries to be democratic,
to give all family members some voice
in decision-making.
2. Teenagers are ambivalent about
parental control and help.
3. Get out of my life, but first could you
drive me and Cheryl to the mall?
4. Parents want to maintain a friendly
relationship with their teenagers and guide
them toward proper behavior.
5. Arguments may concern such trivial
matters as clothing or hair styles.
6. The whole question of who’s in charge
becomes more complicated when there is
divorce and remarriage.
7. Many American children have to adjust to a
stepparent living in the home,
supervising and disciplining them. When
children are tossed back and forth between
different authority figures, they sometimes
wonder who’s in charge.
Part III
Listening
Comprehension Test
1. C
2. C
3. C
4. A
5. D
6. B
Unit 18
Talking about People
Section A
Key Words
Nantes – a city of western France
irate – extremely angry
yacht – any of various relatively small
sailing or motor-driven vessels,
generally with smart, graceful lines,
used for pleasure cruises or racing
Section A
Exercise 1
Name: Jules Verne
Profession: writer
Number of books written: over 80
Things depicted in his books: helicopters,
submarines, modern weapons,
movies with sound, rockets,
television
Year of birth: in 1828
Place of birth: Nantes, France
Family background: sailors
What happened in the following years of
Jules Verne’s life?
1847: went to Paris to study law
1850: published his first play
1863: published his first novel, Five
Weeks in a Balloon
1864: Journey to the Center of the Earth
1865: From the Earth to the Moon
1870: Twenty Thousand Leagues Under
the Sea
1873: Around the World in Eighty Days
1874: The Mysterious Island
Section A
Exercise 2
1. √
6. √
2. √
7. √
3. √
8. √
4. √
9. √
5. ×
10.×
Section B
Key Words
Galileo – Italian physicist and astronomer
(1564-1562)
arcane – known or understood by only a
few
intrigued – interested
formula – a statement, especially an
equation, of a fact, rule, principle, or
other logical relation
thermodynamics – physics that deals
with the relationships between heat and
other forms of energy
black hole – an extremely small region of
space-time with a gravitational field so
intense that nothing can escape, not
even light
quantum mechanics – quantum theory,
especially the quantum theory of the
structure and behavior of atoms and
molecules
equation – a statement asserting the
equality of two expressions
big bang theory – a cosmological theory
holding that the universe originated
approximately 20 billion years ago from
the violent explosion of a very small
agglomeration of matter of extremely
high density and temperature
glitch – a sudden change
synthesizer – electronic musical instrument
producing a large number of different
sounds, including imitations of other
instruments
Section B
Exercise 1
Name: Stephen Hawking
Date of birth: 8 January 1942
Profession: Physicist
Where he is from: London
Family background: intellectual
1958: built a primitive computer with his
friends
1959: won a scholarship to Oxford
University
1962: got a degree in Natural Science
with honors and went to Cambridge
University to pursue a PhD in
cosmology
1968: joined the staff of the Institute
of Astronomy in Cambridge
1974: became a fellow of the Royal
Society
1979: became Lucasian Professor of
Mathematics at Cambridge
1988: wrote A Brief History of Time:
From the Big Bang to Black Holes
Section B
Exercise 2
1. √
6. √
2. ×
7. ×
3. ×
8. ×
4. √
9. √
5. √
10.×
Section C
Key Words
commitment – state of being dedicated
or devoted (to sth.)
Methodist – a member of an evangelical
Protestant church founded on the
principles of John and Charles Wesley
in England in the early 18th century
and characterized by active concern
with social welfare and public morals
Girl Scout – a member of the Girl Scouts,
an organization of young women and girls,
founded in the United States in 1912 on
the plan of the Girl Guides, for character
development and citizenship training
lobby – to try to influence the thinking of
legislators or other public officials for or
against a specific cause
Section C
Exercise 1
Name: Hillary Rodham Clinton
Place of birth: Chicago, Illinois
Date of birth: October 26, 1947
1) organized food drives
2) served in student government
3) a member of the National Honor
Society
4) a member of the local Methodist
youth group
5) a Girl Scout
1969: graduated from Wellesley College
and enrolled in Yale Law School
1975: married Bill Clinton
1977: started Arkansas Advocates for
Children and Families
1992: helped her husband run for
president of the United States
1996: published a book about children,
It Takes a Village
Section C
Exercise 2
1. She and her two younger brothers grew
up in Park ridge, Illinois, as part of a
close-knit family. Early in life, she
learned the importance of commitment
to family, work, and service. It is this
commitment and the belief that we “all
have an obligation to give something of
ourselves to our community” that has
helped to shape her role and actions as
America’s First Lady.
2. After graduating from Yale Law School,
Hillary went to work for the Children’s
Defense Fund, an organization that
lobbies for children’s welfare. This was
the beginning of her career as a
defender of the rights of children. In
1992 when her husband first ran for
president of the United States, Hillary
became a powerful symbol of the
changing role and status of women in
American society.
Part III
Listening
Comprehension Test
1. A
2. B
3. C
4. A
5. D
6. C
Unit 19
Animals
Section A
1. B
2. C
3. A
4. C
5. C
Exercise 1
Section B
Key Words
solitary – to be the only one or to
choose not to be with similar people,
animals or things
Borneo – a large island in Southeast Asia
shard by Malaysia and Indonesia
Sumatra – one of the islands of
Indonesia
Habitat – the natural surroundings in
which an animal or plant usually lives
Section B
Exercise 1
Animal 1. snow leopard
Animal 2. orangutan
Animal 3. panda
Section B
Exercise 2
Snow leopard: Central Asia; deer;
It is hunted for its fur.
Orangutan: tropical rain forest of
Southeast Asia; fruit, leaves, insects;
It is hunted or captured for zoos.
Habitat is being destroyed.
Panda: bamboo forests of the
mountains of China; bamboo shoots,
stems, leaves; from lack of food
Section C
Key Words
showdown – final test, argument or fight
to settle a dispute
greed – an excessive desire to acquire or
possess more than what one needs or
deserves, especially with respect to
material wealth
bludgeon – to hit with with a heavy club
wean – to accustom (the young of a
mammal) to take nourishment other
than by suckling
inflated – raised or expanded to abnormal
levels
line one’s pockets – make big money
poach – to take (fish or game) illegally
in defiance of – in spite of; contrary to
trophy – a prize or memento
harpoon – to strike, kill, or capture with or
as if with a spearlike weapon
batter – to hit heavily and repeatedly with
violent blows
ambergris – a waxy, grayish substance
formed in the intestines of sperm whales
and found floating at sea or washed
ashore. It is added to perfumes to slow
down the rate of evaporation.
devoid – completely lacking
immunize – to render immune
mite – a very small object, creature, or
particle
annihilate – to destroy completely
permeate – to spread or flow throughout;
pervade
assimilate – to consume and incorporate
nutrients into the body after digestion
beaver – a large aquatic rodent
mole – a small, insectivorous mammal
sterile – not producing or incapable of
producing offspring
Section C
1. B
2. C
3. C
4. B
5. B
6. A, B, E, F
7. A, C, D
Exercise 1
Section C
Exercise 2
_G_ 1. much of wild life will have died out
_C_ 2. we can’t of course rule out
_D_ 3. it’s going to turn out
_A_ 4. it’s hard to make out
_H_ 5. well-intentioned people who start out
_F_ 6. danger to other forms of life,
including humans, comes out
_B_ 7. not to say, leaks out
_E_ 8. our time is running out
Part III
Listening
Comprehension Test
1. B
2. A
3. D
4. B
5. C
6. D
Unit 20
Music
Section A
Key Words
instrumental – performed on or
written for an instrument
harmonica – a small, rectangular
instrument consisting of a row of free
reeds set back in air holes, played by
exhaling or inhaling. Also called mouth
organ
Celtic – One of an Indo-European people
originally of central Europe and spreading
to western Europe, the British Isles, and
southeast to Galatia during pre-Roman
times, especially a Briton or Gaul
banjo – a fretted stringed instrument
improvise – to compose without
preparation
syncopation – a shift of accent in a
passage or composition that occurs when a
normally weak beat is stressed
polyrhythm – the use or an instance of
simultaneous contrasting rhythms
double bass – the largest bowed stringed
instrument in the modern orchestra
DJ – an announcer who presents and
comments on popular recorded music,
especially on the radio (disc jockey)
percussion –
the section of a
band or an orchestra composed of
percussion instruments
funk –
a type of popular music
combining elements of jazz, blues,
and soul and characterized by
syncopated rhythm and a heavy,
repetitive bass line
genre – a category of artistic composition,
as in music or literature, marked by a
distinctive style, form, or content
turntable – the circular horizontal
rotating platform of a phonograph on
which the record is placed
staple – main or principal element
synthesizer – an electronic instrument,
often played with a keyboard, that
combines simple waveforms to produce
more complex sounds
Section A
1
Exercise 1
Blues: African American spirituals and
work songs; brought by slaves to
southern United States, especially the
Mississippi Delta; guitar, piano,
harmonica, bass,drums, saxophone
2 Country: traditional folk music, Celtic
music and blues; early 20th century,
Southwestern United States; guitar,
fiddle,harmonica, banjo
3
Jazz: blues and other African American
music; start of the 20th century, New
Orleans, Louisiana, United States;
saxophone, drums, trumpet, piano, guitar,
double bass
4 Rock & Roll: blues, R&B, country and
western music; late 1940s United States;
guitar, bass, drumsand keyboards
5 Hip-hop: Jamaican Dancehall toasting,
disco, and funk; early 1970s South Bronx,
New York City; turntable, rapping, drum
machine, synthesizer
Section B
Key Words
curriculum – all the courses of study
offered by an educational institution
mundane – relating to, characteristic
of, or concerned with commonplaces;
ordinary
aesthetic – characterized by a
heightened sensitivity to beauty
Section B
Exercise 1
1. a basic form of communication
2. the world’s peoples
3. the learning process
4. the imagination and self-expression
5. the basics
6. art
Section C
Key Words
hustle and bustle – busy
energetic activity
rev up – to excite
meditative – characterized by or
prone to meditation
Section C
Exercise 1
1. helps you relax
2. reduces level of stress
3. increases academic skills (helping
you concentrate and memorize more
easily)
Section C
Exercise 2
1. We all have some form of stress.
Whether it’s due to work, school reports,
family, or relationships, we could all use
a break now and then. Yet, in the
hustle and bustle of everyday life, a lot
of us can’t find the time to just drop
everything and take it easy.
2. Campbell doesn’t stop with Mozart. He says
that Bach can stimulate the mind, military
marches can rev up the body, and religious
music can help create a meditative mood.
It’s important to find what works best for
your situation.
Part III
Listening
Comprehension Test
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
B
B
C
A
C
D
D
Unit 21
Money Matters
Section A
1. B
2. C
3. A
4. B
5. B
Exercise 1
Section A
Exercise 2
_e_ buck
_d_ curb
_j_ pinch pennies
_m in the hole
_a_ make ends meet
_l_ loaded
_k_ budget
b_ keep track of
_i_ run out
_c_ pay through the nose
_g_ knack
_f_ blow
_h_ strapped for cash
Section B
Key Words
at one’s fingertips – readily or instantly
available
baby boom – a sudden, large increase in
the birthrate, especially the one in the
United States after World War II from
1947 through 1961
baby boomer – a member of a babyboom generation
Section B
Exercise 1
financial emergencies, secure future, at
their fingertips, goals, basic, in the baby
boomer group, added, monthly salary, in
addition to, rise up, blowing up, from
paycheck, deeper into debt, behind,
forced into homelessness, overwhelming,
cent, bills, save, portion, $10, 13%, 60,
5.6 million
Section B
Exercise 2
1. Grace thinks most people don’t care
about saving for the future. (do)
2. It is easy to get information to help plan
for your financial future. (hard)
3. According to grace, people need to have
two months of salary saved. (3-6)
4. Baby boomers may have to help their
children or their parents. (and)
5. Many common financial emergencies
happen expectedly. (unexpectedly)
6. Younger people are good at saving
money. (bad)
7. People who can’t pay their bills may sell
everything. (lose)
8. Saving $10 a week is a bad way to start.
(good)
9. Thirty percent is a reasonable rate of
interest, according to Grace. (13)
10. If you start young enough, it is possible
to save billions of dollars before you
retire. (millions)
Section C
Key Words
checking accounts – a bank account in
which checks may be written against
amounts on deposit
ATM – Automatic Teller Machine
sales slip – sales receipt
debit – an item of debt as recorded in an
account
indebtedness – the state of being
indebted
Section C
Exercise 1
1. four types
2. check, credit card, debit card,
loan
Section C
1.√
2.√
3.√
4.√
5.×
6.×
7.×
Exercise 2
Part III
Listening
Comprehension Test
1. A
2. C
3. A
4. C
5. D
6. A
Unit 22
Undergraduate Education
Section A
Key Words
pay off – to effect profit
well-rounded – comprehensively
developed and well-balanced in a range or
variety of aspects
remedial – intended to correct or improve
deficient skills in a specific subject
Section A
Exercise 1
1. It means good results – the more
you learn, the more you earn.
2. elective courses
3. 500,000
4. either for new vocational skills or
for personal growth
5. remedial/developmental classes in
reading, writing, and math
Section A
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
√
√
√
×
×
√
×
√
Exercise 2
Section B
Exercise 1
1. What are the two main categories of
institutions of higher learning?
1) public
2) Private
2. What are the three major groups of higher
learning classified by programs and degrees?
1) community colleges / junior colleges
2) 4-year colleges
3) universities
3. What are the three differences between a
college and a university?
1) A university is usually bigger in
size than a college.
2) A university offers a wider range
of undergraduate programs plus
graduate studies.
3) A university has obligation to
conduct research.
Section B
Exercise 2
1. All schools get money from tuition
and private contributors.
2. Public schools receive state funding.
3. In terms of tuition fees, permanent
residents benefit most from public
schools of the state to which they
belong.
4. Community colleges offer only the first
two years of undergraduate studies –
the freshman and sophomore years.
5. Community colleges enroll students who
prepare to transfer to a 4-year school
for their third and fourth years – junior
and senior years.
6. Community colleges also offer 1- or 2year job-training programs.
Section C
1. B
2. C
3. A
Exercise 1
Section C
Exercise 2
c_ ace the test
h_ bomb the test
g_ suck up
e_ easy grader
a_ killer course
d_ grade (mark) on a curve
i _ pull all-nighters
b_ mega homework
f_ data brain
g_ brown-nose
Part III
Listening
Comprehension Test
Report One
1. The China Youth Development
Foundation
2. (1) build Project Hope primary schools in
poor rural areas;
(2) establish Project Hope scholarships
in high schools and universities;
(3) carry out distance education
initiatives;
(4)train rural teachers.
3. domestic and overseas
4. China’s middle and western
regions.
5. 93.9%, 63.5%
Report Two
6. character, citizenship
7. split over
8. right from wrong
9. angered, confused
10. honesty, caring
Unit 23
Graduate Education
Section A
Exercise 1
1. research master’s degrees,
professional master’s degrees
Ph.D. degrees
2. research master’s degrees
3. professional master’s degrees
4. Because they do not lead to
doctoral programs.
5. their departments and program
advisors
Section A
Exercise 2
1. Research master’s degrees:
1) completion and defense of an
independent thesis;
2) passing of comprehensive examinations;
3) participation in advanced seminars and
courses.
4) completion of between 30 and 60 credit
hours;
5) one or two academic years of full-time
study
2. professional master’s degrees:
1) a similar program of study;
2) completion of a supervised project or report;
3) completion of between 36 and 48 units;
4) one to two years of full-time study
3. Ph.D. degrees:
1) 3 years beyond the master’s;
2) pass oral and written examinations;
3) produce a long and comprehensive research
paper;
3) read one or two foreign languages
Section B
Exercise 1
A = Excellent
B = Above Average
C = Average
D = Below Average
F = Failure
Section B
Exercise 2
27 divided by 9 = 3.0 GPA
Section C
Key Words
suspend – to bar for a period from a
privilege, office, or position, usually as
a punishment
transfer – to withdraw from one
educational institution or course of
study and enroll in another
endeavor – a conscientious or
concerted effort
Section C
Exercise 1
1. To tell Mr. Arn the school’s decision to
discontinue his studies.
2. A passing grade is unacceptable in a
graduate school and that the decision
can’t be changed.
3. Mr. Arn can reapply if he wishes.
4. He’ll have trouble with the immigration.
5. It will be a shame to his family.
6. He insists on his decision, but offers to
help Mr. Arn to transfer to another school.
Part III
Listening
Comprehension Test
1. C
2. B
3. A
4. D
5. D
6. D
Unit 24
Language and Literature
Section A
Key Words
verify – to determine or test the truth
or accuracy of
friction – conflict, as between persons
having dissimilar ideas or interests;
clash
provoke – to bring about; induce
Section A
Exercise 1
1. Reporting language
2. Inferential language
3. Judgmental language
Section A
Exercise 2
1. Reporting language consists of statements
based on observation.
2. The words of reporting language are
concrete and specific.
3. Information conveyed by reporting language
can be confirmed by the listener as well as
the speaker.
4. People usually accept reporting language
because they can check it for accuracy.
5. In conversation, you can often avoid friction
by using reporting language.
B. Inferential Language
1. Inferential language uses statements that draw
conclusions by a reasoning process that may
or may not be faulty.
2. Inferences blend assumptions, knowledge,
experiences, and attitudes into statements that
infer or set up opinions about a subject.
3. Inferential statements reflect the mindset of the
speaker.
4. If you monitor your own speech, you’ll find
inferences to be common and convenient.
5. To improve, you might adjust your comments to
be closer to reporting language.
C. Judgmental Language
1. Judgmental language contains statements that
evaluate good/bad, right/wrong, ugly/pretty,
and so forth.
2 Judgments about what we like or dislike are so
frequent that we don’t always recognize them
when we speak.
3. Judgmental statements can easily slip off our
tongues.
4. To avoid sounding too critical, you should add
the phrase “to me” or “I believe” or “as I see it”
when you state your outlook.
5. If you qualify the statement as your viewpoint,
you will not offend or provoke an argument.
Section B
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
√
√
×
×
√
×
×
√
Exercise 1
Section B
Exercise 2
_g_ couch potato
_e_ to chill out
_b_ cheapskate
_a_ dimwit
_d_ flake
_h_ space cadet
_f_ worrywart
_c_ mind-blowing
_c_ phenomenal
Section C
Exercise 1
1. You learn practical things like
vocabulary.
2. You learn someone else’s point of
view.
3. You can see what it would be like
to be a different person.
4. You can lean about different
cultures.
5. You learn different styles of writing.
6. You can be inspired by the characters.
7. You learn to develop your
imagination.
8. You learn facts about different
subjects.
Part III
Listening
Comprehension Test
1. A
2. B
3. D
4. B
5. C
6. D
Unit 25
Government & Citizenship
Section A
Exercise 1
Government of U.S.
Legislative
Executive
Judicial
Congress
President
Supreme
Court
Senate
House of Cabinet
Reps
Section A
Exercise 2
1. ×
6. ×
2. √
7. ×
3. ×
8. √
4. ×
9. √
5. √
10. √
Section B
Exercise 1
1. It means the power to govern is divided
between the national (federal)
government and the state governments.
2. ownership of property, divorce, and
education
3. state laws
4. governor
5. a trial court, an appellate (appeals)
court, and a supreme court
6. counties, cities, towns, and villages
Section C
Key Words
assassinate – to murder (a prominent
person) by surprise attack, as for
political reasons
oath – a solemn, formal declaration or
promise to fulfill a pledge
nomination – the act or an instance of
appointing a person to office
Section C
1. √
2. ×
3. √
4. ×
5. ×
6. ×
Exercise 1
Section C
Exercise 2
1. In his first message to Congress President
Arthur proposed a new civil service system
that would let ability, not politics, decide
who got government jobs. The Republican
Party leaders opposed this proposal
because the civil service system would stop
them from giving federal jobs to their
supporters. It would destroy much of their
power. These Republican leaders controlled
the Congress. They refused to act on the
civil service proposal.
2. New cases of dishonesty were
discovered in government departments.
The public began to demand laws to
clean up the civil service. In 1882 a new
Congress was elected. The new
Congress was controlled by the
Democratic Party. President Arthur again
appealed for civil service reform. This
time he got results. The new Congress
passed the Civil Service Bill, which
required 10 percent of all federal jobs to
be filled through competitive
examinations.
3. Chester Arthur’s efforts for honest
government won him much support
from the people, but he could not win
the support of his own Republican
Party. He failed to win the Presidential
nomination in the Republican
Nominating Convention in 1884.
Part III
Listening
Comprehension Test
1. the Democrats and the Republicans
2. The Democrats: liberals
The Republicans: conservatives
3. The Democratic Party supports the poor
and the middle-class worker
The Republican Party supports big
business and the rich
4. The Democratic: donkey
The Republican: elephant
Talk Two
1. 1995
2. They were attracted by the job’s stability,
guaranteed health care, pension and
“practical profits”.
3. 100
4. The website broke due to high
traffic/visitation and had to be maintained.
5. 3,880
Unit 26
Looking for a Job
Section A
Exercise 1
Step 1: Do a self-assessment
Step 2: Gather information about
different occupations
Step 3: Get the skills you need
Step 4: Learn how to find a job
Section A
Exercise 2
Step 1: find out about your interests,
skills, and personality; take a formal
survey, or write down the things you
like to do and the things you are good
at.
Step 2: read books and magazines that
tell about different jobs; talk to
people about different kinds of jobs
Step 3: get more education at a
college, university, or technical
school or learn on the job
Step 4: go to job interviews; present
yourself in a resume
Section B
Exercise 1
1. A secretarial job
2. Because she didn’t have experience.
3. Ten
4. At a recording company
5. Upset, sick of looking for a job
6. Encouraging Anne
Section B
Exercise 2
1. Don’t let it get you down.
2. Something will turn up.
3. Don’t give up now.
4. It’ll work out.
5. Look on the bright side.
Section C
Key Words
O-level – Ordinary Level. (formerly in
British education) examination of
basic standard in the General
Certificate of Education
make a fuss about – to trouble or
worry over trifles
dogsbody – one who does menial work;
a drudge
worked up – excited; mad
encyclopaedia – book or set of books giving
information about every branch of
knowledge, or about one particular subject,
with articles in alphabetical order
haematology – scientific study of the blood
and its diseases
squint – (abnormal condition causing the)
squinting position of an eyeball or eyeballs
bunch – a group of people
Section C
Exercise 1
1. Sales Reps. (representatives)
2. Not very promising
3. By starting on the factory floor; hard
work
4. It teaches people how to use their
mind, exercise their judgment,
distinguish the essential from the
inessential.
5. Applied psychology
6. No
7. Interview the next group of
candidates himself
Section C
Exercise 2
Director: get on with
Saunders: promising / O-levels
Director: make such a fuss / floor, /
dogsbody
Saunders: use, exercise, distinguish
Director: worked up
Saunders: out of
Director: engage
Saunders: fond of / started out
Saunders: subconscious
Saunders: presentable, squint, boxing
Director: crossed-eyed / analyzing /
samples / knocking / orders?
Director: bunch
How People Find Jobs
Heard about
opening
from people
they knew
Referred by
agencies
13.9%
Contacted
Answered
employer directly
want ads
63.3%
Other 13.7%
9.1%
Part III
Listening
Comprehension Test
1. A
6. C
2. C
7. C
3. D
8. A
4. C
9. C
5. C
10. D
Unit 27
Employment Matters
Section A
Key Words
surname – also called family name,
second name, last name
Christian name – also called first
name, given name
Section A
Exercise 1
1. They would think he was annoyed with
them.
2. Everybody
3. He says some large firms have one
canteen for everybody but most large
firms have separate canteens.
4. Because it fosters the feeling that there’s
between “them” and “us.”
5. They are on the same side of the fence.
Section A
Exercise 2
1. It fosters the feeling that there’s
between them and us. (c )
2. Workers and management are on the
same side of the fence. (b )
3. Employees are not concerned by the
managers. (d )
4. Workers are looked down upon. (a )
Section B
Key Words
fringe benefits – extra benefit, esp
given to an employee in addition to
salary or wages
motivate – to provide with an incentive;
move to action; impel
dividend – a share of profits received by
a stockholder
Section B
Exercise 1
1. What workers wanted in the past:
1) increases in salary
2) fringe benefits
3) promotion
2. What workers want today:
1) personal satisfaction
2) feel proud of their work.
3) their bosses to treat them better
4) to participate more in management
discussions of the company.
Section B
Exercise 2
1. Because he has written a book on
business management
2. No.
3. 1) they don’t want the headaches
of being a supervisor or a manager
2) they don’t want to leave the
town or their friends
4. 1) higher level of education
2) higher standard of living
5. 1) Help in planning work and vacation
schedules.
2) Take part in management discussion
and help work on planning.
3) Participate in profit-sharing and
stock dividend plans.
Section C
Key Words
workshop – an educational seminar or
series of meetings emphasizing
interaction and exchange of information
among a usually small number of
participants
ground rules – a basic rule of procedure
or behavior
brainstorm – to engage in or organize
shared problem solving
scenario – a plot or situation
Section C
Exercise 1
Ann: not to interrupt other people;
not to take things too personally;
to criticize ideas, not people; to
respect differences
Thomas: the benefit of addressing
work-related problems as a group and
joining together to come up with a
solution
Paulina: to understand the needs and
concerns of your fellow workers,
supervisors, and customers
Part III
Listening
Comprehension Test
1. Employers use computers, cameras,
listening devices and telephones to
observe their workers.
2. Telecommunications, insurance, banking
3. 1) It violates human rights.
2) It destroys the feeling of trust
between workers and employers.
3) It makes it easier for employers to
learn private information about their
workers.
Talk Two
4. hippies from the sixties
5. They took a correspondence course in
ice-cream making.
6. A business that makes money in a
community must give it back to the
community.
7. peace and environmental issues
8. $2,500
Unit 28
Science and Technology
Section A
Key Words
give me a break – (informal) an
expression used to indicate an idea or
a thing is silly or ridiculous
hook sth. up – to connect something
be happening – (slang) an expression
meaning to be newly exciting or
fashionable
domain – an area of interest or over
which a person has control
go nuts – (informal) to go crazy
revert to – to go back to a previous
condition
Section A
Exercise 1
Remote control: The buttons are
too small, it’s easy to press the
wrong button, and there are too
many different remote controls –
for the TV, the VCR, the cable TV
and the stereo.
Computer: It doesn’t speak a
language that you can understand.
Section A
Exercise 2
1. give me a break (informal) : used to
indicate an idea or a thing is silly or
ridiculous
2. to hook (sth.) up: to connect
something
3. to be happening (slang) : to be newly
exciting or fashionable
4. to go nuts (informal): to go crazy
5. to revert to (sth.): to go back to a
previous condition
Section B
Key Words
pimple – a small red swelling of the skin
inventory – a detailed, itemized list,
report, or record of things in one's
possession, especially a periodic survey
of all goods and materials in stock
retina – a delicate, multilayered, lightsensitive membrane lining the inner
eyeball and connected by the optic nerve
to the brain
Section B
Exercise 1
1. The smart house provides an
enjoyable way of life.
2. It is a great convenience.
3. It provides excellent security and
health benefits.
Section B
Exercise 2
1. Vacuuming and cleaning is done
by a robot. The smart house
steams all the clothes in the
closet and gives ideas on what to
wear for that day’s weather.
Pictures on the walls and
temperatures can change to your
wish.
2. It can record your favorite TV program
when you’re not home. It can take
inventory, make up a shopping list and
order food. It can be controlled through a
wall-mounted keyboard, a tele-command
or even by voice. E-mail or voice mail can
be checked from any TV or computer
screen in the house.
3. Air conditioners can kill the flu bug and
other harmful viruses. The monitor
screens can oversee children in another
room. It doesn’t need keys. The door
unlocks only for the owner.
Section C
Key Words
gadget – a small specialized mechanical
or electronic device
interactive – of or relating to a twoway electronic or communications
system in which response is direct
and continual
transmit – to send from one person,
thing, or place to another; convey
click – to press the button on a mouse to
initiate some action or mark a point on the
screen
sitcom – situation comedy
dapper – neatly dressed; trim
virtual – existing or resulting in essence or
effect though not in actual fact, form, or
name
gratification – the condition of being
satisfied
Section C
1. B
2. A
3. D
4. D
Exercise 1
Section C
1. √
2. ×
3. √
4. √
5. ×
Exercise 2
Part III
Listening
Comprehension Test
1. C
2. A
3. A
4. B
5. D
6. C
Unit 29
Man and Environment
Section A
Key Words
CFC – chlorofluorocarbon 氟氯化碳
recycle – to extract and reuse
detergent – a cleansing substance made from
chemical compounds
phosphate – a salt or an ester of phosphoric acid
baking soda – a white crystalline compound
used in making beverages etc.
vinegar – an impure dilute solution of acetic acid
Section A
Exercise 1
Person 1: air pollution
Person 2: plastic
Person 3: CFCs
Person 4: carbon dioxide/Water
shortage
Person 5: toxic chemicals
Person 6: deforestation
Section A
Exercise 2
Person 1: ride a bike
Person 2: use cloth bags when shopping
Person 3: use a car without an air
conditioner
Person 4: plant trees and use as little
water as possible
Person 5: avoid using chemical cleaners
Person 6: stop eating beef
Section B
Key Words
derive – to obtain or receive from a source
polymer – any of numerous natural and
synthetic compounds
tuber – a swollen, fleshy, usually
underground stem, such as the potato
granule – a small grain or pellet; a particle
biodegradable – (of substances) that can
be made to rot by bacteria
renewable – inexhaustible or replaceable
by new growth
Section B
1. petrol
2. plants
Exercise 1
Section B
Exercise 2
1. because this plastic would be truly
biodegradable.
2. because it would be a renewable
source of plastic.
Section C
Key Words
depletion – the gradual use or
consumption of a resource, especially a
natural resource
ozone layer – a region of the upper
atmosphere, between about 15 and 30
kilometers (10 and 20 miles) in altitude,
containing a relatively high concentration
of ozone that absorbs solar ultraviolet
radiation in a wavelength range not
screened by other atmospheric
components.Also called ozonosphere
irreversible – impossible to reverse
emit – to give or send out matter or
energy
mass transit – public transport
commuter – one that travels regularly
from one place to another, as from
suburb to city and back
Section C
Exercise 1
1. Issue being discussed:
The positive advances in technology
vs. the damage it does to environment.
2. Main points of each speaker:
Stevens: Modern innovations in
technology cause irreversible damage to
environment.
Technological advances can’t keep up with
negative impact.
Grant: Technology can reverse
environmental damage.
Overpopulation can be limited by birth
control.
Pollution can be cut down by effective
means of mass transit
Section C
Exercise 2
Stevens thinks that technological
innovation cannot solve the problems of
environmental damage caused by
technology itself while Grant thinks
that despite the damage caused by
technology there are many positive
implications of technological innovation
for environmental improvement.
Part III
Listening
Comprehension Test
1. reduce, reuse, recycle
2. to reduce impulse buying
3. They last long so they save you money
and the environment in the long run.
4. Recycling means collecting, processing,
marketing, and ultimately reusing
materials that were once discarded.
5. glass, aluminum, steel, paper and
cardboard, plastics
Talk Two
6. 85% and 70%
7. 50%
8. a system of megaparks (large
national parks)
9. to protect the forests and help the
environment
10. People used to eat its eggs. Now
they work in the tourist industry,
including acting as guides to take
tourists to see the turtles.
Unit 30
Space Exploration
Section A
Exercise 1
Mission Control: reading
Captain Daniel Blake: loud and clear
Mission Control: in good shape
Mission Control: fuel cells
Mission Control: mission/ count-down
to splash-down/ moon-rock
Mission Control: Stand by /lift-off!
Section A
Exercise 2
1. Are you reading me?
2. Reading you loud and clear.
3. You all in good shape?
4. You better believe it.
5. No problem.
6. All systems go.
7. splash-down
8. Stand by for count-down.
9. count-down
10. lift-off
11. Boy, oh boy, isn’t that something!
Section B
Key Words
lunar – of, involving, caused by, or
affecting the moon
reminisce – recall, remember
barrenness – a tract of unproductive
land
configuration – the form, as of a figure,
determined by the arrangement of its
parts or elements
crater – a bowl-shaped depression in a
surface
fragile – easily broken, damaged, or
destroyed
infinite – having no boundaries or limits
shed – to cause to pour forth
Section B
Exercise 1
Sentences 3 and 7 are not on the
tape.
Section B
Exercise 2
1. fifth, barren, not a surprise, had
studied models of the surface
2. brown, black, blue, bigger than,
North Pole
3. fragile, be more careful about
their resources, the fragile earth
Section C
Key Words
blob – small round mass or spot of
color
aerial – one or more wires or rods
for sending or receiving radio
waves
scarey – causing fright
UFO – Unidentified Flying Object
Section C
Exercise 1
Annie: It’s a super evening, isn’t it?
Joe: I’ll say. Sky’s covered in stars. Looks like
someone’s left all the lights on. Shouldn’t like
to pay that electricity bill.
Annie: Well, I don’t suppose you’ll have to. Hey,
what’s that?
Joe: What’s what?
Annie: That sort of big orange blob over there.
Joe: I can’t see any orange blob.
Annie: Yes, you can. Look up there.
Joe: Oh, yes, now I’ve got it. That’s not a
blob. Looks more like a soup plate wrong
way up, only it’s got a kind of aerial or
something sticking out of the top.
Annie: It looks ever so funny. What on earth
can it be, Joe?
Joe: How should I know? Probably some new
plane or other they’re testing at the
Research Centre. Whatever it is, it’s not
much to look at.
Annie: I think it’s a bit scarey. It’s all
yellowy now. I think it’s getting bigger. Oh
Joe, do you—do
you think it’s one of those UFO things?
Joe: What do you mean? A Flying Saucer?
Course not. There’s no such thing.
Anyway, it’s gone
now.
Annie: It must’ve landed or something
behind those trees. It couldn’t just—
well—disappear, could it?
Joe: Well, if it’s landed, you’d better look
out. Any minute now we’ll be surrounded
by little green men with ray guns saying
“Take me to your Leader”.
Annie: Don’t, Joe. I didn’t like the look of it
one little bit. I’m glad it’s gone.
Section C
Exercise 2
f_ 1. That sort of big orange blob.
c_ 2. Looks more like a soup plate
wrong way up.
e_ 3. It’s got a kind of aerial or
something sticking out of the top.
b_ 4. It looks ever so funny.
_g_ 5. What on earth can it be?
_d_ 6. It’s not much to look at.
_j_ 7. It’s a bit scarey.
_i_ 8. It’s all yellowy now.
_h_ 9. You’d better look out.
_a_ 10. I didn’t like the look of it.
Part III
Listening
Comprehension Test
1. D
2. A
3. D
4. C
5. B
Simulated Listening Test 3
Section A
1.C
6.B
2.A
7.D
3.C
8.C
4.B
9.D
5.A
Section B
10.D
11.A
12.D
13.C
14.A
15.B
Section C
16. It makes our cities more beautiful
and interesting.
17. It communicates ideas or concepts.
18. pop art
19. realism
20. surrealism
Simulated Listening Test 4
Section A
1.B
6.A
2.D
7.C
3.C
8.A
4.D
9.D
5.A
Section B
10.B
11.D
12.B
13.B
14.D
15.A
Section C
16. perceived risk and factual risk
17. whether the risk is an activity we
control.
18. whether the risk is natural.
19. whether the risk is part of an
everyday activity.
20. why we worry about some risks
more than others.