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CHURCH HISTORY II Lesson 28 The 1800’s - “The Great Century” William Carey (1761 – 1834) Expect great things from God, attempt great things for God.” Church History Ancient Church History Ca. 30AD Medieval Church History 590 AD Apostolic Church The First Medieval Pope Apostolic Fathers The Rise of the Holy Rom Emp Church Councils The Crusades Golden Age of The Papacy in Decline Church Fathers The Pre-Reformers Modern Church History 1517 AD Reformation & Counter Reformation Rationalism, Revivalism, & Denominationalism Revivalism, Missions, & Modernism ? The 1800’s - “The Great Century” Great in its results - missionary zeal & social reform Great in its reach - into all the world The Context of the Great Century Great Spiritual Revivals German Pietistic Revival – Moravians early to mid 1700’s English Methodist Revivals – late 1730 – 1790’s 1st Great Awakening – 1720’s – 1760’s 2nd Great Awakening – 1790’s – 1840’s The Context of the Great Century Great Modernization Great growth in worldwide peace (1815 - 1914) Great growth in scientific knowledge Germs/fighting disease Surgery-antisepsis & anethesia Chemicals to fight pests Genetics – seed selection/breeding Great growth in technology Telegraph & telephone Electricity Refrigeration – industrial uses Steam powered factories/farm equip Great growth in transportation Steam – ships/trains Great growth in prosperity Industrial Revolution (few - very wealthy, large minority – middle class, many - very poor) The Context of the Great Century Christianity Assaulted Sciences Societal Organization Prosperity & Urbanization Charles Darwin Nietzsche Comte Huxley Karl Marx Materialism & Sin The Context of the Great Century Colonization Colonialism is the extension of a nation’s sovereignty over territory beyond its borders by the establishment of either settler or exploitation colonies in which indigenous populations are directly ruled, displaced, or exterminated. Colonizing nations generally dominate the resources, labor, and markets of the colonial territory, and may also imposse socio-cultural, religious and linguistic structures on the indigenous population. 1900 Christianity Challenged by Outside Threats & Unprecedented Opportunity Social Reforms Religious Awakening & Modern Technology Missionary Endeavors America Prohitibion against dueling Abolition of debtor prison & general prison reform Prohibition movements began in late 1700’s Methodist, Presbyterian, & Congregationalist 1895 – Anti-Saloon League 18th Amendment adopted in 1919; 1933 Abolition of Slavery 1769 – Congregational churches began to preach against slavery 1833 – Lane Seminary in Cincinnati became the center of an anti-slavery movement led by students. When the admin. Prohibited the students participation, the students left for Oberlin College. 1833 – The American Anti-Slavery Society Many denominations split – Wesleyan Methodist Church; Southern Baptist Church; Presbyterian Church. America (cont.) Urbanization Industrialization & immigration caused cities to grow rapidly City Rescue Missions – The Water Street Mission of New York – 1872 Chicago’s Pacific Garden Mission, 1877 Young Men’s Christian Association – Boston in 1851 Young Women’s Christian Association – 1855 The Goodwill Industries – 1900 The Salvation Army – Late 1880’s England William Wilberforce (1759-1833) – outlaw of the slave trade Lord Shaftesbury (1801-1885) – in 1840 worked for laws against unfair child labor – chimney sweeps, mine work; reform of insane asylums & lodging houses. John Howard & Elizabeth Fry worked to reform prisons YMCA & YWCA – youth living in cities Background Moravians – Caribbean, Far East, Africa, Greenland French Huguenots – missionary attempts to Brazil Dutch Colonists – church planting in Indonesia New England Experiment John Elliot (1631) Missionary to Algonkian Indians; published a catechism in their language and translated the Bible, the first Bible to be printed in North America. David Brainerd (1718- 1747) Missionary to Senecca & Delaware Indians. His legacy was not his strategy, but his heart for God and a intense desire for Indians to know Christ. Church Efforts England 1792 – The Baptist Missionary Society – Sent William Carey & the Serampore Trio to India, Carey, Joshua Marshman, & William Ward 1795 – London Missionary Society – David Livingstone (1813-1873), Smoke of a 1000 villages, 3 C’s: Christianity, Commerce, & Civilization, Explorer & Abolitionists 1799 – Church Missionary Society – Evangelical Anglican Church sent Henry Martyn to India & Persia – translation work 1810 – American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions – formed by Congregationalists and Presbyterians, Haystack Revival American 1814 – Baptist Missionary Board – Adoniram Judson, Burma 1861 – Southern Presb. Church – John Latin Wilson – Congo/Zaire Scotland 1824 – Thomas Chalmers – St Andrews 7 1847 – Reformed Church of Scotland – John G. Paton, New Hebrides Faith Missions 1865 - China Inland Mission, Hudson Taylor 1867 – 1951 – Amy Carmichael - India Born in England, was a shoemaker who was converted around 17 years old Later becomes a pastor and serves in 2 churches Carey developed a deep sense of duty to take the gospel overseas 5 Common Objections Carey had to refute about Missions Obj. #1 – No Duty to Go Obj. #2 – Too Far to Go Baptist Deacon- “Sit down, young man. Obj. #3 – What Are We Going to Eat When it pleases theof Lord to convert the Means Obj. #4 – Savages Will Kill Us Enquiry into the Obligation Christians to Use Obj. for #5 –the Language Too heathen, heBarrier will do without your (1792) help Conversion ofitGreat the Heathen or mine.” Carey joined with 12 other pastors to form a Missionary Society. Carey will leave with his wife for India. Dorothy Carey does not want to go, she will have a nervous break down and go insane before dying. She will die in India 1. To set an infinite value on men’s souls. 2. To acquaint ourselves with the snares which hold the minds of the people. 3. To abstain from whatever deepens India’s prejudice against the gospel. 4. To watch for every chance of doing the people good. 5. To preach “Christ crucified” as the grand means of conversions. 6. To esteem and treat Indians always as our equals. 7. To guard and build up “the hosts that may be gathered.” 8. To cultivate their spiritual gifts, ever pressing upon them their missionary obligation, since Indians only can win India for Christ. 9. To labor unceasingly in biblical translation. 10. To be instant in the nurture of personal religion. 11. To give ourselves without reserve to the Cause, “not counting even the clothes we wear our own.” Observations Don’t Despise Youth. Study one’s culture and be attuned for opportunity to serve Christ. Euro-American Christianity transitions to a World Christianity.