Transcript Slide 1

Practical measures
for Reducing Irregular Migration
Main findings of the Italian study
Paris
29 November 2011
Italy, a former emigration country, nowadays
hosts 4,500,000 regular migrants.
But Italy is also an important gate for irregular
and unauthorized migration flows
Geographic factors:
proximity with less developed and unstable areas
extension and accessibility of sea borders
intermediary position-”gate” to Europe
Economic factors
underground economy
structural demand for foreign workers (mainly low2
skilled)
Eurostat statistics
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National approach looking for a balance between favouring
regular migration and combating irregular flows
PRE-ENTRY
Interventions in third countries
– Development cooperation
– Information campaigns
– Framework cooperation agreements concerning
employment
– Quota system - migration flows planning
Police-cooperation
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The quota for non seasonal workers is divided in
two sub-categories:
1.Quota reserved for specific work-sectors (for
instance: autonomous work, domestic works,
etc.)
2.Preferential Quotas (PQ) for third countries,
who have signed a readmission agreement
with Italy.
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Incidence: Preferential Quota (PQ)
Year
%
PQ/
total
1998
10,3
1999
10,3
2000
21,1
2001
16,8
2002
17,6
2003
4,8
2004
25,7
2005
21,1
2006
7,0
2007
18,9
2008 19,4
2010 29,1
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The Albanian Case
In ‘90s flows were not
managed and Italy feared
an invasion
(R. King’s “albanophobia”)
First decade 2000:
Over half million of residents (settlement).
Still high migration pressure,
but nowadays flows are managed
Improved popular perception (“albanophilia”)
End of 2010:
Financial crisis repercussion on building sector
Several thousands could not renew the stay
permit.
Ismu foundation estimates 50/60 thousands
irregulars (Jan 2010)
Refus
2001
Appr.
11.693 13.431
2008
355
3 635
2009
435
2 875
2010
575
2 820
Regular.
Incidence
1995
12.7%
1998
18.0%
2002
7.9%
2009
3.8%
Pre-entry practical measures
Police cooperation (from Alba mission to the present trainings)
Development cooperation (4° ODA beneficiary in 2009)
Information campaigns (Uams, at consulates, etc)
Support to Albanian Strategy for Migration (2005)
Training abroad to facilitate integration in the annual quotas (2008)
Employment oriented agreement (signed in 2008, renewed in 2011)
Ministry of labour coordination office (since 2011)
Readmission agreement (1997) and Privileged Quotas (1998)
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
3 000 3 000 6 000 6 000 3 000 1 000 3 000 3 000 4 500 4 500 4 500
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4 500
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Despite very effective efforts, it’s still valid the need of competent
policies to reduce irregular migration
Conclusions
• The case of Italy shows that irregular migration can be
channeled into regular paths and a positive integration in the
society and labour market can be achieved;
• However, regular channels not always exhaust irregular flows
as shown by the several regularizations that took place in
Italy;
• It is difficult to draw conclusions in such a complex period, but
an exhaustive overview on practical measures implemented
by MSs represents a necessary starting point: and this is the
role of the EMN.
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Thank you for your
attention!
Practical measures to reduce
irregular migration
PATHWAYS OUT OF IRREGULARITY
• Regularisations
• Assisted Voluntary Return
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Number of migrants granted legal
status, by area of origin
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