Transcript Keep it contaminant-free

Steps to a Healthier Home
KEEP IT
CONTAMINANT-FREE
1
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
Page
9.1
IDENTIFY at least four contaminants in the home
and strategies to prevent, contain or control them.
DESCRIBE at least four ways that contaminants get
into the home.
IDENTIFY at least three health effects and their
associated contaminant.
2
CONTAMINANT BUYING DECISIONS
INTENTIONALLY BRING IN:
• Tobacco Smoke
• Pesticides
• Volatile Organic Comp.
• Mercury
• Asbestos
• Meth Labs
Page
9.1
ALONG FOR THE RIDE:
• Bedbugs and Mice
• Cockroaches
• Mice
• Formaldehyde
• Lead
3
SECOND-HAND SMOKE
Page
9.2
4
TOBACCO SPIKES IN PARTICLE LEVELS
Page
9.2
RSP (cpm)
1000
750
500
250
1
2
3
Time (hours)
Source: Indoor Air Quality, Infiltration and Ventilation in Residential Buildings NYSERDA 1985 [5]
5
Page
WHY AVOID SECOND-HAND SMOKE:
9.2
Children’s Health Effects
Adult Health Effects
60% of US population has
biological evidence of exposure
6
SMOKE-FREE HOME RULES:
STATE PERFORMANCE
Page
9.3
92-93
98-99
2003
% Increase
Total
43.2%
60.2%
72.2%
67.1%
Max.
69.6%
81.1%
88.8%
107.9%
Min.
25.7%
38.9%
53.4%
27.6%
7
SMOKE-FREE HOUSING POLICIES
Smoke Free Saves Property Owners Money
Page
9.4
8
SMOKING CESSATION PROGRAMS
Page
9.4
Smoke-free policies work best if coupled with
cessation resources
9
VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
Page
9.5
Air Fresheners
Cleaning Products
Sprays & Coatings
Formaldehyde
Carpets
Vinyl Floors
Drywall
Hobbies
Home Maintenance
10
VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
Page
9.5
Concentration of VOC’s can be
2-5 times greater in the home.
During or immediately after
paint stripping activities, VOC
levels can be 1,000 times
higher than outdoors.
11
12
WHY AVOID VOCS?
Page
9.6
Potential health effects of VOCs:
• Eye, nose, throat irritation
• Headaches, nausea, coordination
• Liver, kidney, and brain damage
• Some can cause cancers
• Child development
13
Page
9.7
VOC- AND SVOC-EMISSIONS FROM ADHESIVES, FLOOR COVERINGS AND COMPLETE FLOOR STRUCTURES [12]
PVC
carpet
adhesive
Emission Rate (ug/m2hr)
6000
5000
4000
3000
2000
1000
0
0
5
10
15
Time (days)
20
25
30
14
REDUCE POTENTIAL SOURCES
Page
9.7
 Don’t use it if you
don’t have to.
 Substitute a
better product
15
STEPS TO CONTROL VOCS
Page
9.7
Control the source
Ventilate
16
THIRD-PARTY CERTIFICATIONS
Page
9.8
Buildings
Products and Services
17
INDUSTRY STEWARDSHIP PROGRAMS
Page
9.8
Understand the Motivations &
Research the Options
Examples
Other Programs
18
AND THEN WE HAVE METH LABS . . .
Page
9.9
19
METH LABS
Health & Safety Hazards
Page
9.9
Explosive
Flammable
Toxic
Caustic
20
KEY MESSAGES
Page
9.9
It is easier to prevent exposure to
contaminants then it is to remove
them and treat their effects.
Should contamination occur:
control, contain, and clean-up.
Contaminants are not always
detectable by our senses.
21
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
Page
9.9
IDENTIFY at least four contaminants in the home
and strategies to prevent, contain or control them.
DESCRIBE at least four ways that contaminants get
into the home.
IDENTIFY at least three health effects and their
associated contaminant.
22
Steps to a Healthier Home
KEEP IT
MAINTAINED
23
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
Page
10.1
Name at least three systems that require ongoing maintenance.
Identify two maintenance actions that require the use of a professional.
Name at least two health effects from lead.
Identify housing targeted by the RRP rule.
Describe the two ways to mitigate radon in a home.
24
CONTAMINANT & MAINTENANCE
LEGACY TOXICS:
• Lead-Based Paint
• Asbestos
• Chromated Copper
Arsenate Wood
• Mercury
• Pesticide Residues
Page
10.1
CREATED OR GROWN:
• Cockroaches
• Mice and Rats
• Mold
• Carbon Monoxide
• Sewer Gas
• And Then There is Radon
25
MAINTENANCE
Page
10.1
Solid waste
Water supply
Sewer system
Heating/cooling/dehumidification/humidification
Cooking
Ventilation
Rainwater control/drainage
Structural integrity
Storage / Organization
26
MAINTENANCE ACTIONS
Page
10.2
Inspect
Clean
Lubricate
Replace
Repair
Organize
27
Page
10.2
28
Page
10.2
How’s the filter? A clogged low efficiency filter
partially sucked out of the frame.
29
WHEN?
Page
10.2
On-going
Seasonally
Annually
30
LEAD AND LEAD-BASED PAINT
Page
10.3
Peeling, Chipping Paint / Deteriorated Paint
Dust
Soil
Drinking water
Consumer Products such Pottery, Cribs, Jewelry, Candle Wicks
Cultural Items
Contaminated Sites
31
Page
10.3
32
WHY AVOID LEAD?
Page
10.3
Reduced IQ
Learning disabilities
Impaired hearing
Reduced attention spans, behavior problems
Anemia
Kidney damage
Damage to central nervous system
Coma, convulsions, death
33
Peeling
paint
outside
34
LEAD: AGE OF HOUSING MATTERS
Year House
Was Built
Percent of Houses with
Lead-Based Paint
Before 1940
87 percent
1940-1959
69 percent
1960-1978
24 percent
All US Housing Stock
40 percent
Page
10.4
35
PREVALENCE OF DETERIORATED PAINT
Page
2009 American Housing Survey
2%
of homes have
broken plaster or
peeling paint
10.4
Conditions that
Deteriorate Paint
• In past twelve months,
• 8.1% of homes had
interior water damage
• 9.8% of homes had
exterior water damage
36
AVAILABLE TESTING
Page
10.4
Paint
Dust - Clearance testing
Bare soil
Drinking water
37
EPA RRP RULE
Lead Renovation, Repair and Painting (RRP) Rule
Page
10.5
Effective April 22, 2010
Pre-1978 housing (target or
child-occupied)
Triggers
40 CFR 745.80 to 745.91
April 22, 2008 Federal Register
38
IMPACTS OF RRP RULE
Page
10.5
8.4 million renovation
events annually
Required certification of
firms and individuals
39
WHY NOW?
Page
10.5
Final major rule from the Residential Leadbased Hazard Reduction Act of 1992
Congress required rule to be finalized in 1996
Still to come:
Public buildings built before 1978
Commercial buildings that create lead-based paint
hazards
40
EPA Resources:
Page
10.7
• www.epa.gov/lead
• www.epa.gov/lead/pubs/renovation.htm
HUD Resources:
• www.hud.gov/lead
41
SUMMARY OF CHANGES FROM RRP
Page
10.7
“Certified Renovation Firm” Disturbs Paint
“Certified Renovators” Supervise Work
Mandatory Work Practices
Post-renovation Cleaning Verification
Documentation!
42
HOW CLEAN IS CLEAN?
Page
10.7
Clearance testing is required for jobs receiving
HUD funding and as the clients requests
43
A NEW BOOKLET
Only for Leases and
Sales of Target
Housing
Page
10.7
For Renovations in
Target Housing and
Child-occupied
Facilities
44
LEAD DISCLOSURE
Page
10.7
For property transfers
For rentals
45
Page
HOUSING CODE
Housing code provisions related to paint
304.2
• Protective
treatment
304.6
• Exterior
walls
10.8
305.3
• Interior
surfaces
46
Page
10.8
ASBESTOS
47
WHY AVOID ASBESTOS?

Page
10.9
Health effects:
- Lung Cancer
- Mesothelioma
- Asbestosis

Smokers are at greater risk!
48
HOW TO HANDLE ASBESTOS
Page
10.9
LEAVE IT ALONE (if in good condition).
Look for signs of wear or damage - avoid
touching.
If damaged or renovation might disturb it,
repair or remove by licensed professional.
49
VERMICULITE
Page
10.10
50
ASBESTOS REGULATIONS
Page
10.10
National Emission Standard for
Hazardous Air Pollutant (NESHAP)
Model Asbestos Program for States
EPA’s Ban on Asbestos in Products
Reversed in 1992
OSHA standards for workers
51
RADON
Page
A Serious Health Concern
10.12
Naturally occurring gas
2nd leading cause of lung
cancer after smoking
Leading cause of lung cancer in
nonsmokers and people who
have never smoked.
52
Estimated Lung Cancer Cases
in a Population of 1,000
Page
Lung Cancer Cases
10.13
Non-Smokers
Smokers
200
150
100
50
0
4 pCi/L
8 pCi/L
10 pCi/L
Radon Exposure
53
Page
10.14
54
HOW RADON GETS INTO A HOME








Page
10.14
Cracks in solid floors
Construction joints
Cracks in walls
Gaps in suspended floors
Gaps around service pipes
Cavities inside walls
Other openings
Water supply
55
TESTING FOR RADON
Short
Term
Long
Term
Page
10.15
If result is 4
pCi/L or higher
take a followup test OR fix
the home
56
TESTING FOR RADON
Page
10.16
Testing Options:
• Kits
• Hire a professional
57
INTERPRETING RADON RESULTS
Page
10.17
Short term test > 4 pCi/L
• Take second short term test or long
term test
Short term average or long term test >4 pCi/L
• Fix home for radon
58
RADON REDUCTION SYSTEMS
Page
10.17
New Construction
Existing Housing
59
PASSIVE SUB-SLAB DEPRESSURIZATION
SYSTEM (NEW CONSTRUCTION)
A.
• Gas-Permeable Layer
B.
• Plastic Sheeting
C.
• Seal and Caulk
D.
• Vent Pipe
E.
• Junction Boxes
Page
10.18
60
FANS MAKE IT AN ACTIVE SYSTEM
Page
10.19
61
RADON FIXES
Existing Housing
Page
10.19
Seal floor and cracks
Vent from below slab
Fan sucks air – active system
Sump suction reduces entry
62
LABEL RADON SYSTEMS
Page
10.20
63
RADON MITIGATION COSTS
Page
10.21
Average Costs
New Construction
Passive only
Active system
$350 - $500
$650 - $800
Existing Homes
$800-$2,500
64
FINDING A QUALIFIED CONTRACTOR
Page
10.21
Contact EPA
2 Private National Proficiency Programs
65
RESOURCES
State Radon
Contacts
• www.epa.gov/iaq/whereyoulive.html
Coupons for
Test Kits
• 800-SOS-RADON (767-7236)
Radon
Mitigation
• 800-644-6999
Other
Questions
• 800-55RADON (557-2366)
IAQ Questions
Page
10.21
• 800-438-4318
66
SEWER GAS


Page
10.22
Mixture of
gases
Source
67
KEY MESSAGES
Page
10.22
Systems should be inspected regularly to
ensure proper function.
Some maintenance activities require the use
of professionals.
Lead causes a variety of serious health effects.
Contractors doing renovation should be
certified to work on houses with lead paint.
Deteriorating products or areas with asbestos
need to be addressed by a certified
professional.
There are two ways to address high radon
levels in a home.
68
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
Page
10.22
Name at least three systems that require ongoing maintenance.
Identify two maintenance actions that require the use of a professional.
Name at least two health effects from lead.
Identify housing targeted by the RRP rule.
Describe the two ways to mitigate radon in a home.
69