Transcript Introduction to Vehicle Safety 2 - ETSC

A review of ITS and their
safety benefits
Presentation to ETSC Best in Europe Conference
Brussels
21-22 February 2006
Pete Thomas
Professor in Road and Vehicle Safety
Vehicle Safety Research Centre
Loughborough University, UK
www.vsrc.org.uk
Casualty reduction

2010 target of 50% reduction in
fatalities

Prime purpose of ITS, eSafety and
related initiatives is to reduce
casualties on the road

How can ITS functions
improve casualty
reduction?
3,000
2,500
2,000
Vehicle
Occupants
1,500
Pedestrians
Motorcyclists
1,000
Pedal
cyclists
500
0
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
Where are we now?
Pre-crash
Road safety – driver training,
road design, roads policing,
vehicle performance and
maintenance, belt use, helmets
Crash
Crashworthiness - Restraints,
structure design, biomechanics
Post-crash
Rescue – Paramedics training,
extrication, hospital provision
Vehicles
Primary Safety

Conventional vehicle dynamics –
braking, handling, cockpit
ergonomics etc

Primary NCAP – significant
differences in braking behaviour

Vehicle performance varies
significantly – need for
improved minimum standards
Vehicles
Secondary Safety

Major improvements in crashworthiness driven
by EuroNCAP and legislation

Accident data shows a reduction in fatality
rates of drivers of 22%

Passive safety is a
mature science

Further big reductions
expected from improved
compatibility, side
impact performance,
Pedestrian protection
Learning from other transport
modes
Aviation – the safest transport
mode

Crashes are rare

Pilots well trained and monitored

Automatic systems reduce conflicts

Vehicles controlled in position and
speed

Heavily controlled and
regulated
eSafety Initiative
EU eSafety Initiative

Development , deployment and use of
Intelligent Integrated Safety Systems

Information and communication
technologies

Driving technology development

Research funding

Enabling actions (eg waveband allocation,
eCall MoU)

Coordinating Member state support
eSafety link
Integrated Safety on Roads




Strong industry led set of
projects
Provides integrated
approach to active safety
Total EU investment ~
€250m (50%)
Specifies direction of
technology development
Casualty reduction and eSafety
Accident data

Accident data forms the foundation of
road and vehicle safety management
process

Macroscopic data shows casualty trends

In-depth data supports countermeasure
development

Continuous in-depth research
into accident and injury
causation is needed to identify
priorities and develop
countermeasures
Accident Priorities

Primary risk factors from accident data
1. Speed 30% of road deaths
2. Alcohol 17% of road deaths
3. Seatbelt 30% of road deaths
eSafety Technology Roadmap
Priority vehicle based
technologies

ESC (Electronic Stability
Control)
Priority infrastructure
based technologies

eCall

Extended environmental
information (Extended
floating car data)

Blind spot monitoring

Adaptive head lights

Obstacle & collision
warning

RTTI (Real-time Travel
and Traffic Information)

Lane departure warning

Dynamic traffic
management

Local danger warning

Speed Alert
Prioritisation of ITS technologies

Based on maximum casualty
reduction

Take account of
- Numbers of relevant crashes
- % reduction of relevant crashes
- Confounding factors – especially
human factors

No systematic estimates of
casualty reduction for ITS
How do we evaluate active safety
systems?

Problems
- No systematic method of
assessment
- Insufficient in-depth
representative data for EU 25
- Countig crashes that didn’t occur
(near misses, naturalistic
driving)
Casualty reduction methods

Standard approaches
are
1.Engineering
2.Enforcement
3.Education

How is ITS being used
to improve these
techniques?
- Many engineering
measures
- No enforcement
- Little education
Gaps in road maps
Intelligent Speed
Adaptation

Alcohol interlock

Enforcement
technologies

Integrated approach
with road safety
initiatives
40%
35%
% Road Deaths Prevented

30%
25%
20%
15%
10%
5%
0%
Advisory ISA
Mandatory ISA
EU-level approaches to casualty
reduction

Wide range of fatality rates in EU 25
-
Some countries need traditional casualty
reduction methods
Others need new methods including ITS

Best practise is to have an integrated road
and vehicle safety management approach

There are opportunities to improve the
coordination of road and vehicle strategies
at EU-level
Conclusions
1.
There are still considerable gains
available from improved passive safety
2.
ITS has the potential for further
casualty reduction
3.
Countermeasures should be targeted
for maximum casualty reduction
4.
eSafety initiatives should be properly
integrated within the wider road and
vehicle safety context
Contact
Pete Thomas
Professor of Road and Vehicle Safety
Vehicle Safety Research Centre
Ergonomics and Safety Research Institute
Loughborough University
[email protected]
Attend the 1st SafetyNet Conference & Workshop
on European Accident Data and
Road and Vehicle Safety Policy
Prague May 10 - 11 2006