Transcript LFA Logical Framework Approach - The EU:s Cultural Network

LFA
Logical Framework Approach
Goal Oriented Project Planning
Kari Örtengren
Project Design AB
Sweden
Project Success How?
Engagement
Ownership clearly defined
Clear division of responsibilities
Realism!! (purpose)
Connection Activities – Objectives
Capacity to handle risks
Flexibility
Beneficiaries engaged in project planning
…..LFA is a useful tool to reach success!
LFA Characteristics
Finding the “roots” before setting the
objectives
Objectives & beneficiary oriented
Participatory/Ownership!
Consensus oriented
Focus on logical links
Systematic common sense!!!
Why LFA?
RELEVANCE, FEASIBILITY & SUSTAINABILITY
Situation and weaknesses are analysed
correct solutions
(activities)
Mistakes are avoided
Facilitates implementation
Identifies indicators of the projects
achievements
The nine steps of an LFA
analysis
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Analysis of project´s Context
Analysis of Stakeholders
Problem Analysis/Situation Analysis
Objectives Analysis
Plan of Activities
Plan of Resources/Inputs
Indicators/measurements
Risk Analysis
Analysis of Assumptions
Step 1: Projects Context
Changes/projects are part of a larger
context/a situation
Which environment will the project be
situated in?
Which factors are of importance for achieving
the objectives?
Analysis of Context made through a study
and/or through making a “SWOT” analysis
SWOT analysis*
A tool for auditing /identifying e.g. an
environment, agency,company etc:
Strengths
Weaknesses
Opportunities
Threats
*Not LFA , SWOT is a separate method, which may
be used for the analysis of the project’s Context
Step 2: Stakeholder Analysis
Stakeholders - those who are influenced by
and exert an influence on the project entity
Mapping of stakeholders and their respective
roles
Who will be influenced, positively or
negatively, by the project
Which stakeholders should be involved in
planning and/or implementing the project
Step 2
Stakeholder Analysis
Four main groups of stakeholders:
Beneficiaries
Implementers
Financing agents
Decision makers
PROBLEMANALYSIS CRUCIAL!
As with weeds, the roots must be
tackled, if the weeds are to
disappear
Step 3: Problem Analysis
Finding “the roots of the evil”
Which is the problem to be solved?
Who owns the problem?
One focal problem, focus!
Find the causes and effects to the focal
problem
The causes of the problem shall be “tackled”
through activities within the framework of the
project in order to solve the problem in a
sustainable way
Why a Problem Tree?
Problem Tree
Effects
Objective Tree
Overall objectives
Focal problem
Project Purpose
Causes
Results
Step 4: Objectives Analysis
Three levels
1 Overall Objectives/Development Objectives:
Often Governmental level, long term perspective, i e social welfare, economic
growth.The positive situation of the effects of the focal problem identified.
Time frame: Long term, 5-10 years (e.g Living conditions of local people
improved or Investments into agricultural export crops increased )
2 Project objectives or Project Purpose: Which are
the objectives that the intervention/project should be able to achieve. The
positive solution to the focal problem, the solved focal problem. The reason
why the project.is implemented. Time frame:Medium term 0-3 years (e.g River
water quality improved or Road network meets traffic demands) .
3 Outputs/Targets/Results:
The outputs/results describe the services to be produced by the project. What
services do the beneficiary get access to? Connected to the causes of the
focal problem identified. Achieved through the activities. Time frame: Short
term/directly after the project activities have been implemented (e.g. Direct
discharge of wastewater decreased or road network expanded)
.
LFA Overall Objectives
Step 4
Long-term social and or economic benefits, to
which the project will contribute
Not achieved by the project on its own,
several projects contribute
States the positive state for the beneficiaries
and for the society
Examples;
- Improved social well fare
- Economic growth in region X
- Food supply stabilised
LFA Project Purpose, Step 4
The main reason for having a project ! WHY a project
Connection to the “focal” problem
Sets out the benefits, which the beneficiaries derive
from the project
Implementing agencies should enable for the
beneficiaries to achieve the benefits by delivering the
required services/results
Examples;
- Improved labour productivity for crop X achieved..,
- Health hazards (for certain diseases) of the
population in area X reduced to a certain standard
- River water quality improved etc...
LFA Results Step 4
Connected to the causes of the focal problem
Sets out the services which the beneficiaries
will receive from the implementing agency
through the project
Examples;
- Farmers able to apply more efficient maize
production techniques,
- Adequate mother and child care provided to the
people in region X,
- Improved transport between A and B
SMART project purpose
Specific
Measurable
Accurate or Approved
Realistic
Time bound
Step 5: Activities
Tackle the causes of the focal problem
What will be done under the project to deliver
the services/results required by the
beneficiaries
Usually expressed as an action
Means to achieve the objectives, not the
objectives
Examples;
- Rehabilitate health posts,
- Train rural health staff,
- Re-construct road from A to B
Step 6: Inputs/Resources
Experts and personnel (local and
foreign, counter part, project group)
Financing (loans, grants, funds) cost
sharing? Future long term financing?
Equipment
Premises
Step 7: Indicators
Measure achievements
A baseline study might be needed to be
able to measure the final results?
The process of setting up indicators
shows if the objectives are vague
Indicators should answer the questions:
For whom? What? When? Where? How
much? What quality?
Step 8: Risk Analysis
Analysis of factors which may influence
the implementation of the project and
hence the achievement of objectives
Internal and External risks
Alternative strategies may be needed?
Risk management !!!
Step 9: Analysis of
Assumptions
The project in the perspective of society/
institutional situation in a country (laws,
political commitments, financing)
Assumptions describe situations and
conditions, which are necessary for project
success, but which are largely beyond the
control of the project management
Assumptions on each level of objective
(results, project purpose and overall
objectives)
Examples: Delivery in time of equipment, at least five of the
trained personnel stays within the company for 5 more years,
prevailed stable political situation
Why different steps in LFA?
Relevance; Step 1 – 4
Context, Stakeholder-, Problem- and Objectives
analysis. Logical links between problems and
solutions, Relevant to support? (in accordance with
strategies and problems in the country/sector?)
Feasible; Step 5 – 7
Plan of Activities, Resources/inputs and Indicators.
Are the resources sufficient to achieve the objectives?
(Resources: Personnel, time, funding, equipment)
Sustainable; Step 8 – 9
Risk analysis and Assumptions. If the project is
sustainable, will the effects of the project remain
without continuos external assistance outside?
Internet information on LFA
www.google.com/logical framework approach
http://www.ausaid.gov.au/ausguide/ausguidelines/1.ht
ml
http://lgausa.com/logframe_approach.htm
http://www.cgiar.org/isnar/gender/hambly.htm
http://www.pcm-group.com/services_helpdesk_faq.jsp
http://europa.eu.int/comm/europeaid/evaluation/metho
ds/PCM_Manual_EN-march2001.pdf
LFA matrix/Log Frame
Overall
Objectives
Indicators
Sources of
Verifications
Assumptions
Project
Purpose
Indicators
Sources of
Verifications
Assumptions
Results
Indicators
Sources of
Verifications
Assumptions
Activities
Resources
LFA summary
Relevant, Feasible and Sustainable
projects/programs - success!
Participation & ownership!
Joint approach to project
Make problem analysis with accuracy
/time to correctly analyze causes &
effects
Connection problems and objectives
Add analysis such as cost effectiveness and gender,
study on environmental aspects and make a clear
division of responsibilities
LFA during all phases of the project
How the LFA method works
depends on its users
LFA is no better and no worse
than its users
Why GOPP (LFA) workshop ?
Relevant, feasible and sustainable
projects.
To overcome major errors in planning
structure!
All key stakeholders
participation &
efficiency, correct situation analysis
correct solutions (activities)
Shared understanding of the
situation and of different needs and
interest - transparency !
Ownership and responsibility
LFA STEPS in a workshop
STAKEHOLDER ANALYSIS
PROBLEM ANALYSIS
OBJECTIVES ANALYSIS
PLAN of ACTIVITIES (overall
“brainstorming” ideas)
RISK ANALYSIS
ASSUMPTIONS
LOG FRAME/MATRIX
LFA/GOPP WORKSHOP answers WHAT
TO DO, not HOW. The detailed planning
is made later by the project group