Transcript Defence Science and Technology Organisation

A Proposed Reference Model
Framework for Applying
Computer-Based Visualisation in
C3I
TTCP C3I Group
AGVis
Dr Rudi Vernik (DSTO Australia)
DSTO
Outline
 Introduction/Acknowledgments
 Set Context for C3I
 Highlight Problems
 Needs for Reference Models (RMs)
 RM-Vis(C3I) Framework (Overview)
 Example - Asset Visualisation Tool
 Use of RM-Vis(C3I)
 Issues and Directions
 Questions (Discussion)
DSTO
C3I Context
 Wide application of
visualisation in C3I
 Visualisation is needed to
describe a wide variety of
aspects for a broad set of

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roles
processes
activities/functions/tasks.
 What are some of the
problems and issues
associated with
visualisation in the C3I
domain?
C3I Visualisation Context
Capability
Development
Operations
Intelligence
Personnel/
Administration
Logistics
Plans
Communications
Training
Visualisation Solution
DSTO
Problems and Issues
 Limited understanding of what visualisation tools are available and
how they might be applied within a particular context of use.
 Poor understanding of the characteristics of particular visualisation
approaches.
 No guidelines of where Off-The-Shelf (OTS) approaches might be
applied.
 Limited understanding of where research and development should be
directed.
 No basis for the evaluation of approaches and tools.
 No basis for measuring the effectiveness of the visualisation solution
within a context of use.
 No basis for sharing of tools, components, ideas etc.
DSTO
RM-Vis
 Several classifications/taxonomies
 Example 1 – Schneiderman (tech Report 1996, Institute for Systems
Research ISTR)
 Example 2 - Robertson & De Ferari (Scientific Visualisation 1994)
 Example 3 - Ed Huai-sin Chi (Thesis 1999, classification based on
interaction )
 Problem in that they focus on the characteristics of an visualisation approach
ie., from a tool approach, but do not consider the context of use.
 Definition
 RM-Vis is a proposed Reference Model Framework for the
development of Visualisation Reference Models which focus
on the application of visualisation solutions within particular
domain contexts eg, RM-Vis(C3I), RM-Vis(SE), RMVis(SW) etc.
DSTO
RMVis Framework (Overview)
WHO, WHERE, WHY
Views
Link/Relationship
Force Deployment
Viewpoint
Situation Awareness
Viewpoint
Attributes
Element
Element
Capability Development
Logistics
Planning
Viewpoint
People
Assets
Geography
Environment
Process
WHAT
HOW
DSTO
Domain Context
Who
Where
Why
 The Domain Context is a model representing where particular visualisation
solutions will be applied.
 A domain context can be generated from existing enterprise models and tailored for
the particular application of the reference model (RM)
 The Domain Context can be tailored for particular needs eg,
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based on roles and functions
based on enterprise model
May be
characterised by
Capability
Development
Operations
Intelligence
Personnel/
Administration
Logistics
Plans
Communications
Training
 Enterprise Model
 Role-Function Models
 Process-Function-Task
Models
DSTO
Descriptive Aspects
WHAT
 Defines “WHAT” may be described within a particular domain
context
 A Descriptive Aspect (DA) is a model of what needs to be
described.
 A DA may be defined in terms of the attributes used to describe
the element and various relationships between elements and/or
their attributes.
People
Pilot
ID
Name
Rank
Availability
Assets
Weapon System
Type
Geography
Environment
Process
Refueling Aircraft
Fighter Aircraft
Order
Type
Fuel Load Capacity
Fuel left
Type (F/A18, F1-11)
Tail Number
Mission (Scarmble, CAP, Interchange/
Engage, RTB, Airborne, Killed)
Flight Size
Fuel Remaining
Callsign
Type
When Given
Where Given
Who Gave It
Why Given
To Whom Given
Order Acknowledge
When Order Acknowledged
DSTO
Visualisation Approach
 Defines “HOW” a viewpoint will be mapped into an
visualisation solution.
 What are the characteristics for a Visualisation Approach?
 Visual Representation: refers to the techniques used in
How
transforming data-sets into visual forms.

Enhancement: refers to the techniques used to enhance the
effectiveness of visual information.
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Interaction: refers to the techniques which allow a user or agent to
customise/tailor visual information to specific needs.
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Deployment: refers to those features which allow for the
provision/application of cost effective visualisation solutions.
DSTO
Visualisation Approach
Graph
Chart
Scatter Plot
Glyph
Tree
How
Network
Point-Set
DSTO
Effectiveness
 Effectiveness is considered in terms of the application of a
specific visualisation approach within a particular domain
context and for a particular viewpoint.
 Effectiveness criteria which may be considered include:
 Understanding
 Communication
 Legibility (Scale)
 Meaningfulness
 Conciseness
 Completeness
 Precision
 Flexibility
 Accuracy
 Consistency
 Customisation
 Adaptation
 Integration
 Accessibility
 Cost
 Training
 Usability
 Reliability
 Interoperability
 Maintainability
DSTO
Effectiveness
Domain Context
Who, Where, Why
Effectiveness
Descriptive Aspects
What
Visualisation Approach
How
DSTO
Use of RM-Vis(C3I)
 Applications of RMVis
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Mapping of Visualisation Tools to Area of Application
Characterisation of Visualisation Tool Capabilities
Characterisation of Comprehensive Visualisation Solutions
Evaluation of Tools (within context of use)
Identification of Common Approaches
Identification of Research Opportunities
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Visualisation Techniques/Approaches
Effectiveness Criteria
Classifications/Taxonomies
New Tools (Comprehensive Solutions with a focus on Context of Use)
Modelling Approaches
Agents/Component-Based Support Tools
Specification of Component-Based Solutions
DSTO
RM-Vis Tools
DSTO
InVision Views of G-Vis
DSTO
DSTO
Questions
Questions
Ideas
Recommendations
Issues
Concerns
Other
DSTO