Transcript No Slide Title

Bunkering in the 21st Century
G.R.Bowler,Inc. Marine Controls
2261 Lake Rd.
Ontario,NY 14519 USA
www.grbowler.com
315-524-8750
Benefits of 1% Measurement Improvement

Bunker represents 50-70% of total ship operating expense
Example: Large container ship-7,750 TEU
– Last summer bunkers @ $500/tn = $30M
– Now $335/tn = $13.4M
– Next summer ????

What does a 1% measurement improvement mean to you?
– Last summer $300K potential savings
– Today $134k potential savings
– Reduced billing discrepancies

The technology is here today that can benefit suppliers, barge
operators and shipping companies
Agenda

Bunker Sources of Error

Custody Transfer Challenges

Micro Motion Coriolis Technology at Work

Questions
Bunker Sources of Error
1 cm tape error = 0.25% error for a 4m level
Potential savings on 9000 tonne stem $7,500
Bunker Tank
Bunker Sources of Error – Temperature
Placement of temperature probe is
critical for optimum volume to mass
conversion
 Is the temperature measurement
representative of total bunker?
 Average calculation vs single point
 Savings can be significant
 2°C error on temp (avg) = 0.1%
error for a 991g/l product at 50°C
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Savings $$$
°C
°C
°C
°C
°C
°C
°C
Sources of Error - Density & Stratification
Errors of 0.25% to 1.5% possible
D
D
D
D
Tank
Stratification
Tank A
Tank B
Bunker Sources of Error – Entrained Gas
Consider a Bunker with 5% entrained gas:
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A volume measurement will give a batch error of +5%
Effect on mass measurement is negligible
Drive Gain can be used to indicate presence of EG
5% error =
$151K
potential loss
Bunker Sources of Error –
Volume to Mass Conversion
Conversion formula:
Actual volume > net volume > weight(vac) > weight(air) =(?)% calc error
Volume-based Measurement
Manual
Direct Mass Measurement
Automated
Agenda

Bunker Sources of Error

Custody Transfer Challenges

Micro Motion Coriolis Technology at Work

Questions
Custody Transfer Processes

Custody transfer is simply an agreement between
two Parties: Buyer and Seller

However, the Bunkering process is not so simple
Everyday Custody Transfer Examples
Pipelines
Truck Dispensing
Well Head
Truck/Ship Loading
Retail Dispensing
Bunker Fuel Custody Transfer
Bunkering custody transfer needs are the same as other industries

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Make sure “I’m getting what I’m
paying for”
Eliminate idle/downtime due to
refueling operation
Reduce the number of billing
discrepancies and arbitration
claims
Fuel
Storage
Terminal
Barge
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Repeatable, accurate
measurement – globally accepted
Reasonable capital costs to
support operations
Lifecycle cost considered for
operational efficiency
Operating Vessel
Bunker Fuel Custody Transfer Challenges

During Validation
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– Volume to mass conversions
– Temperature compensations
– Stacked uncertainties of reference
system
– Product quality concerns
Fuel
Storage
Terminal
Barge
Actual Operational Challenges
– Inherent differences between tank
measurements
– Entrained gas (Air bubbles)
– Product holdup in barge pipelines
– Placement of meter for buyer’s confidence
– Potential for backflow through meter
Operating Vessel
Agenda

Bunker Sources of Error

Custody Transfer Challenges are not New to
Emerson
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Coriolis Technology at Work
Questions
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Micro Motion Coriolis Technology at Work
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Three phase test program in
execution:
– Phase 1: Load barge @ refinery via
Micro Motion meter in both ideal and
non-ideal conditions
– Phase 2: Dispense bunker fuel into a
vessel via the Micro Motion meter in
both ideal and non-ideal conditions
– Phase 3: Use a vessel installed meter
to measure incoming fuel for both ideal
and non ideal conditions.
Micro Motion Coriolis Technology at Work

Micro Motion
Coriolis test
program is
complete and
successful
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Final data being
prepared for
discussion
Micro Motion Coriolis Technology at Work
Mass Deviation in %
Stem Tests
Bunker Stem A
Bunker Stem B
Bunker Stem C
Overall Bunkering
Mass Quantity
tonne
742
931
932
2619
Micro Motion ELITE
High Capacity Coriolis Meters
Size :Flow Range
HC2 : 750 Tn
HC3 : 1275 Tn
HC4 : 2100 Tn
Laust HC3 to
Antwerp tanks
-0.06%
0.17%
0.01%
0.05%
Laust HC3 to
Antwerp HC3
0.00%
0.27%
0.04%
0.11%
Spread HC3 vs
HC3
-0.06%
-0.10%
-0.03%
-0.06%
Micro Motion Coriolis Technology at Work
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Sufficient data to MID certify:
– Barge loading
– Barge dispensing
– Ship receiving

Testing supports a 0.5%
bunker delivery accuracy

Savings potential expected
to be significant