Transcript A Thing or Two about Information Management and Component

A Thing or Two about
Information Management and
Component-based Knowledge Graphs
With Applications to After-Sales
Keynote Address
Russell S. Peak, PhD
Associate Director & Senior Researcher
Product & Systems Lifecycle Mgt. Center
www.pslm.gatech.edu
www.sorman.com
Copyright © 2007 Georgia Tech. All Rights Reserved.
1
Synopsis
Abstract
Models confront us constantly in both obvious and not-so-obvious ways. This talk highlights key
concepts to effectively handle such models -- both on the job and in everyday life -- with examples
from Dr. Seuss, high school physics, and airframes -- and points in between. We conclude with
implications for the aftermarket.
Speaker Biosketch
Since joining the Georgia Tech research faculty in 1996, Russell S. Peak has led a variety of R&D
efforts including sponsored projects in aerospace, automotive, and electronics. Dr. Peak specializes in
information technology and knowledge-based methods for complex systems, including applications to
product lifecycle management (PLM) and simulation.
Citation
RS Peak (2007) A Thing or Two about Information Management and Component-based Knowledge
Graphs With Applications to After-Sales. Keynote Address. Sorman After-Sales Conference. Frankfurt.
http://eislab.gatech.edu/pubs/conferences/2007-sac-peak/
Copyright © 2007 Georgia Tech. All Rights Reserved.
2
Georgia Tech Fun Facts
1885
1903
1948
1996
2007
Founded
in
Atlanta
First full-time
football coach
Renamed
Georgia
Institute of
Technology
Served as
Olympic
Village for
10,000+
athletes/staff
Graduate School
Rankings
Faculty
John
Heisman
5 Professors
5 Shop Supervisors
Students
129 undergrads in
Mechanical
Engineering
Copyright © 2007 Georgia Tech. All Rights Reserved.
1st Industrial and
Systems
Engineering
3rd Biomedical
Engineering
4th Aerospace
Engineering
4th Civil Engineering
7th Computer
Engineering
7th Electrical
Engineering
7th Mechanical
Engineering
7th Environmental
Engineering
3
Georgia Tech Enrollment (2005)
Graduate
Undergraduate
Architecture
Computing
Engineering
Liberal Arts
Management
Sciences
Undeclared
Total
748
919
6,989
761
1,168
1,039
217
11,841
Architecture
Computing
Engineering
Liberal Arts
Management
Sciences
340
496
3,189
260
241
768
Total
5,294
Degrees Conferred
Bachelor’s Master’s
Architecture
Computing
Engineering
Liberal Arts
Management
Sciences
Institute Total
PhD
137
305
1,372
169
345
184
105
133
838
82
140
102
4
25
250
8
3
65
2,512
1,400
355
Copyright © 2007 Georgia Tech. All Rights Reserved.
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Georgia Tech
Manufacturing Research Center
Prof. Steven Danyluk
Director
Copyright © 2007 Georgia Tech. All Rights Reserved.
5
Product & Systems
Lifecycle Management Center
• Sample Application Domains
– Factory design & simulation
– Fluid power systems
– Mechatronics & electronics
www.pslm.gatech.edu
• SysE - MCAD/E - ECAD/E - SWE testbeds
• Circuit board warpage
• Sample Research and Enabling Technologies
– Set-based design
– Knowledge patterns for simulation-based design (SBD)
– SysML and composable objects (COBs)
• Applications to SBD templates & CAD-CAE interoperability
Defining next-gen. systems-of-systems (SoS) and product lifecycle management (PLM).
Copyright © 2007 Georgia Tech. All Rights Reserved.
6
Contents
• Information Management Principles
– Fundamental Things
– Intermediate / Advanced Concepts
• Knowledge Graphs and
Component-based Modeling
– SysML and Composable Objects (COBs)
– Patterns for Simulation Templates
With Applications to After-Sales
Copyright © 2007 Georgia Tech. All Rights Reserved.
7
Information Management Fundamentals
With Applications to After-Sales
• Principle 1: Existence
Copyright © 2007 Georgia Tech. All Rights Reserved.
8
9
11
Information Management Fundamentals
With Applications to After-Sales
• Principle 1: Existence
– No Thing
– Some Thing
– Some Things
Copyright © 2007 Georgia Tech. All Rights Reserved.
13
After-Sales Applications
Symptom: No Things
What to Fix: Some Things
But Specifically What Things?
Copyright © 2007 Georgia Tech. All Rights Reserved.
14
Information Management Fundamentals
With Applications to After-Sales
• Principle 1: Existence
– No Thing
– Some Thing
– Some Things
• Principle 2: Identity
Copyright © 2007 Georgia Tech. All Rights Reserved.
15
Cat in the Hat
Published in 1957
Non-conventional
reading primer
#9 of US
“Top 10 Best Selling
Children’s Books”
1626 words total
236 unique words
54 occur exactly once
33 occur exactly twice
Only “another” has three syllables
14 have two syllables
221 are monosyllabic
Longest words:
“something” and playthings”
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Cat_in_the_Hat
“I call them Thing One
and Thing Two ...”
After-Sales Applications
Specifying What to Fix [Version 1] ...
Copyright © 2007 Georgia Tech. All Rights Reserved.
18
After-Sales Applications
Specifying What to Fix [Version 2] ...
Copyright © 2007 Georgia Tech. All Rights Reserved.
19
Information Management Fundamentals
With Applications to After-Sales
• Principle 1: Existence
– No Thing
– Some Thing
– Some Things
• Principle 2: Identity
• Principle 3: Versioning
Copyright © 2007 Georgia Tech. All Rights Reserved.
20
Contents
• Information Management Principles
– Fundamental Things
– Intermediate / Advanced Concepts
• Knowledge Graphs and
Component-based Modeling
– SysML and Composable Objects (COBs)
– Patterns for Simulation Templates
With Applications to After-Sales
Copyright © 2007 Georgia Tech. All Rights Reserved.
21
Example Collective Systems Model
A composition of std. & custom information models
Propulsion
Fluid Dynamics
• Standard:
• Standard: CFD
• Software • Status: In Development
• Boeing,
STEP-PRP
• Software:• Status: In Development
• ESA, EADS
Electrical Engineering
Cabling
• Standard: AP210
• Standard: AP212
• Software Mentor Graphics
• Status: Prototyped
• Rockwell, Boeing
• Software MentorGraphics
• Status: Prototyped
• Daimler-Chrysler, ProSTEP
Software Engineering
Optics
Mechanical Engineering
• Standard: NODIF
• Standard: AP203, AP214
• Software - TBD
• Minolta, Olympus
• Software Pro-E, Cadds, SolidWorks,
AutoCad, SDRC IDEAS, Unigraphics,
others
• Status: In Production
• Aerospace Industry Wide, Automotive
Industry
Structural Analysis
• Standard: AP209
Spacecraft Development
Machining
STEP-NC/AP224
•Software:: Gibbs,
•Status:: In Development / Prototyped
Adapted from 2001-12-16 - Jim U’Ren, NASA-JPL
Systems Engineering
• Standard: AP233
• Standard: STEP PDM Schema/AP232
• Standard: STEP-TAS
•STEP-Tools, Boeing
• Software:Rational Rose, Argo, All-Together
• Status: In Production
• Industry-wide
PDM
Thermal Radiation Analysis
• Standard::
Development)
• Software: Statemate, Doors, Matrix-X,
Slate, Core, RTM
• Status: In development / Prototyped
• BAE SYSTEMS, EADS, NASA
• Software: MSC Patran, Thermal
Desktop
• Status: In Production
• Lockheed Martin, Electric Boat
• Software: Thermal Desktop, TRASYS
• Status: In Production
• ESA/ESTEC, NASA/JPL & Langely
• Standard::UML - (AP233 interface In
Inspection
• Standard: AP219
• Software: Technomatics, Brown,
eSharp
• Status: In Development
• NIST, CATIA, Boeing, Chrysler, AIAG
Copyright © 2007 Georgia Tech. All Rights Reserved.
• Software: MetaPhase, Windchill, Insync
• Status: In Production
• Lockheed Martin, EADS, BAE SYSTEMS,
Raytheon
Life-Cycle Management
• Standard: PLCS
• Software: SAP
• Status: In Development
• BAE SYSTEMS, Boeing, Eurostep
22
Model-Centric Framework
Produce, Merge, Enrich, Consume
http://eislab.gatech.edu/pubs/journals/2004-jcise-peak/
Producer
Tools
Tool A1
...
Tool An
Propulsion
Fluid Dynamics
• Standard:
• Standard: CFD
• Software • Status: In Development
• Boeing,
STEP-PRP
• Software:• Status: In Development
• ESA, EADS
Electrical Engineering
Cabling
• Standard: AP210
• Standard: AP212
• Software Mentor Graphics
• Status: Prototyped
• Rockwell, Boeing
• Software MentorGraphics
• Status: Prototyped
• Daimler-Chrysler, ProSTEP
Software Engineering
Optics
Mechanical Engineering
• Standard: NODIF
• Standard: AP203, AP214
• Software - TBD
• Minolta, Olympus
• Software Pro-E, Cadds, SolidWorks,
AutoCad, SDRC IDEAS, Unigraphics,
others
• Status: In Production
• Aerospace Industry Wide, Automotive
Industry
Structural Analysis
• Standard: AP209
Spacecraft Development
Machining
STEP-NC/AP224
•Software:: Gibbs,
•Status:: In Development / Prototyped
Enricher
Tools
Systems Engineering
• Standard: AP233
• Standard: STEP PDM Schema/AP232
• Standard: STEP-TAS
•STEP-Tools, Boeing
• Software:Rational Rose, Argo, All-Together
• Status: In Production
• Industry-wide
PDM
Thermal Radiation Analysis
• Standard::
Development)
• Software: Statemate, Doors, Matrix-X,
Slate, Core, RTM
• Status: In development / Prototyped
• BAE SYSTEMS, EADS, NASA
• Software: MSC Patran, Thermal
Desktop
• Status: In Production
• Lockheed Martin, Electric Boat
• Software: Thermal Desktop, TRASYS
• Status: In Production
• ESA/ESTEC, NASA/JPL & Langely
• Standard::UML - (AP233 interface In
Inspection
• Standard: AP219
• Software: Technomatics, Brown,
eSharp
• Status: In Development
• NIST, CATIA, Boeing, Chrysler, AIAG
• Software: MetaPhase, Windchill, Insync
• Status: In Production
• Lockheed Martin, EADS, BAE SYSTEMS,
Raytheon
Life-Cycle Management
• Standard: PLCS
• Software: SAP
• Status: In Development
• BAE SYSTEMS, Boeing, Eurostep
Collective Systems Model
Tool Bj
Consumer
Tools
Tool Ck
Copyright © 2007 Georgia Tech. All Rights Reserved.
Meta-Building Blocks:
• Information models & meta-models
• International standards
• Industry specs
• Corporate standards
• Local customizations
• Modeling technologies:
• Express, UML, SysML,
COBs, OWL, XML, …
23
Analyzable Product Models (APMs)
[Tamburini, 1999; http://eislab.gatech.edu/research/dai/]
Provide advanced access to design info needed by diverse analyses.
Design Applications
Solid
Modeler
Combine
information
Add reusable
multi-fidelity
idealizations
Analysis Applications
FEA-Based
Analysis
...
Materials
Database
Fasteners
Database
Analyzable Product Model
(APM)
Support multi-directionality
Copyright © 2007 Georgia Tech. All Rights Reserved.
FormulaBased
Analysis
24
Design-for-X (DFX) Analysis System
http://eislab.gatech.edu/projects/rci-sfm/
ECAD Tool
Zuken
Visula
Model
Integrators
Design
Information
CADIF
X = manufacturing, test, ...
Standards-based
Repository
STEP AP210,
STEP AP2xx,
Internal Schemas,etc.
Other CAD/E/X Tools
LKSoft
CADIF-AP210
Other Design Tools
Component
Pkg. Modeler
Mfg. Tools
Process
Planner
Mfg.
Information
Model
Transformer
GIT
RDD Model
Creator
Augmented
Design/Mfg. Model
Design/Mfg.
Model Mgt.
Simulation/Analysis
Library Mgt.
RCI DFX
Guidelines
Simulation/Analysis
Model Execution & Mgt.
Rules Definition
Tool
Boeing
RDF
RCI DFX
Rules Library
Rules Execution
Tool
DFX
Analysis Results
Boeing
REF
RCI - Rockwell CollinsCopyright
Inc. ©GIT
Georgia
Tech
- U. Illinois
2007-Georgia
Tech.
All RightsUIUC
Reserved.
DFX Results
Reviewer
UIUC
Browser
Feedback
for Design
Readiness / Changes
25
Model-Centric Framework with Rodon/UpTime
Copyright © 2007 Georgia Tech. All Rights Reserved.
26
Information Capture Gaps
Content Coverage and Content Semantics
Tool A1
...
Legend
Tool An
Content
Coverage Gaps
“dumb” information capture
a. Computer-insensible
(just human-sensible presentation)
and/or
b. Missing highest-level intent
Collective Systems Model
Example computer-insensible “dumb” figures
Content
Semantic Gaps
Copyright © 2007 Georgia Tech. All Rights Reserved.
27
Circuit Board Design Enrichment
http://eislab.gatech.edu/projects/nist-warpage/
2. XaiTools stackup model
(via AP210)
1. ECAD model
2.a - as-imported
(content gaps)
2.b - after specifying
stackup design
Copyright © 2007 Georgia Tech. All Rights Reserved.
28
Typical Semantic Gaps in MS Word Models
See http://eislab.gatech.edu/pubs/seminars-etc/2002-04-shinshu-peak/
WYSIWYG:
What
Is What
You
Get You
... Get
WYSINWYG:
What
YouYou
SeeSee
Is (Often)
Not
What
Copyright © 2007 Georgia Tech. All Rights Reserved.
29
Sample Model-Centric Framework
http://eislab.gatech.edu/projects/nist-warpage/
Producer
Tools
Electrical
CAD Tools
Mechanical
CAD Tools
Systems Engineering
Tools
Eagle
NX
Doors
Mentor
Graphics
CATIA
AP210
Slate
AP203, AP214
…
AP233, SysML
Standards-based
Submodels
Collective Systems Model
AP210
AP210+
Enricher Tools
(Gap-Fillers)
XaiTools
XaiTools
PWA-B
PWA-B
Stackup Tool
Consumer
Tools
XaiTools
XE
Warpage Simulation Tool
Copyright © 2007 Georgia Tech. All Rights Reserved.
30
Information Management:
Intermediate/Advanced Concepts
• Model-Centric Frameworks
– Typical Patterns
• Collective system model
• Produce, merge, enrich, consume
– Typical Issues/Gaps
• Content coverage gaps
• Content semantic gaps
• Associativity gaps
Copyright © 2007 Georgia Tech. All Rights Reserved.
31
Sample Associativity Gaps
Detailed Design Model
G1 : b = cavity3.inner_width + rib8.thickness/2
+ rib9.thickness/2
...
Analysis Model
(with Idealized Features)
G
K3 = f (r1,b, h)
fse =
Idealizations
P
2pr0te
fbe =
C1
P
2
hte
Channel Fitting Analysis
“It is no secret that CAD models are driving more of today’s product development
processes ... With the growing number of design tools on the market, however, the
interoperability gap with downstream applications, such as finite element analysis,
is a very real problem. As a result, CAD models are being recreated at
unprecedented levels.”
Ansys/ITI press Release, July 6 1999
http://www.ansys.com/webdocs/VisitAnsys/CorpInfo/PR/pr-060799.html
Copyright © 2007 Georgia Tech. All Rights Reserved.
32
~1 Million Associativity Gaps
http://eislab.gatech.edu/pubs/conferences/2003-asme-detc-peak/
Detailed Design Model
Analysis Model
(with Idealized Features)
No explicit
fine-grained
CAD-CAE
associativity
G
idealizations
K3 = f (r1,b, h)
P
fse =
2pr0te
fbe =
C1
P
2
hte
Channel Fitting Analysis
Categories of Gap Costs
• Associativity time & labor
- Manual maintenance
- Little re-use
- Lost knowledge
• Inconsistencies
• Limited analysis usage
- Fewer parts analyzed
- Fewer iterations per part
• “Wrong” values
- Too conservative:
Extra part costs and
performance inefficiencies
- Too loose:
Re-work, failures, law suits
Initial Cost Estimate per Complex Product (only for manual maintenance costs of structural analysis problems)
O10,000 parts O10
analyses
variables
 O10
= O1,000,000gaps
part
analysis
$
O1,000,000gaps  O10
= $O10,000,000
gap
Copyright © 2007 Georgia Tech. All Rights Reserved.
33
Contents
• Information Management Principles
– Fundamental Things
– Intermediate / Advanced Concepts
• Knowledge Graphs and
Component-based Modeling
– SysML and Composable Objects (COBs)
– Patterns for Simulation Templates
With Applications to After-Sales
Copyright © 2007 Georgia Tech. All Rights Reserved.
34
Enhancing Education Using
Graph-based Knowledge Representations
Initial results with high school physics class:
Students using knowledge graphs did 70% better
“I believe this will be helpful
to others because I have been
doing the same thing in my head
to organize and understand
the equations and to help me
solve problems successfully.”
[~Student Comment~]
Source: FS Cowan, M Usselman, D Llewellyn, A Gravitt (2003) Utilizing Constraint Graphs in High School Physics.
Proc. ASEE Annual Conf. & Expo. http://www.cetl.gatech.edu/services/step/constraint.pdf
Product Development Knowledge Graph
Typical Current Issues
Coarse-grained
PDM
R
R
Suppliers
Designers
R
R
R
CAD1
R
R
R
CAD2
Not
Interoperable
R
R
R
R
Not Computerinterpretable
R
R
R
R
R
R
FEM
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
Manufacturing
R
Process
Planning
Implicit
Source: Chris Paredis, 2004
Copyright © 2007 Georgia Tech. All Rights Reserved.
Analysts
36
Next-Gen. PSLM Framework with Fine-Grain Knowledge Graphs
Customer /
Acquisitions
Abstraction Level
…
…
Systems Engineering
Legend
Human Interaction
Electronics
Structures
Requirements
Development Process
…
…
…
…
Model interfaces:
Associativities among
domain-specific models
& system-level models
Fine-grained models:
Information objects
Parametric relations
…
Domain
Models of Copyright
varying
abstractions and domains
© 2007 Georgia Tech. All Rights Reserved.
After Bajaj, Peak, & Waterbury
2003-09
37
Flexible High Diversity Design-Analysis Integration
Phases 1-3 Airframe Examples:
“Bike Frame” / Flap Support Inboard Beam
Design Tools
strength model
product structure
(channel fitting joint) bolt BLE7K18
head
end pad
fitting
hole
radius, r1
0.4375 in
radius, ro
0.5240 in
1.267 in
eccentricity, e
2.088 in
height, h
0.0000 in
radius, r2
thickness, tb
0.307 in
thickness, tw
0.310 in
r2
tb
tw
a
1.770 in
angled height, a
material
IAS Function
Ref D6-81766
h
hole
wall
e
te
0.5 in
thickness, te
Channel Fitting
Static Strength Analysis
r1
r0
b
2.440 in
width, b
mode: (ultimate static strength)
base
MCAD Tools
CATIA v4, v5
Modular, Reusable
Template Libraries
rear spar fitting attach point
analysis context
max allowable ultimate stress, Ftu
67000 psi
Ftu
65000 psi
diagonal brace lug joint
analysis context
product structure (lug joint)
allowable ultimate long transverse stress, FtuLT
FtuLT
57000 psidiameters
lugs max allowable yield stress, Fty
LF[tyk] k = norm
L [ j:1,n ] max allowable
52000 psi
F diameter
j = top long transverse stress,
normaltyLT
, Dnorm FtyLT Dk
hole
lugj shear
39000 psi
max allowable
stress, Fsu oversize diameter,
D
F
over
condition:
mode (ultimate static strength)
load, Pu
Pu
material
max allowable ultimate stress,
jm FtuL
r1
Plug
Program
Plug joint
L29 -300
Part
Outboard TE Flap, Support
No 2;
n
8.633
K 123L4567
Inboard
Beam,
objective
deformation model
Lug Axial Ultimate
Strength Model
D
0.7500 in
5960
effective width,
W Ibs
1.6000 in
MSwall
9.17
BDM 6630
MSepb
t
MSeps
e
W
5.11
9.77
Kaxu
0.7433
Paxu
14.686 K
7050-T7452, MS 7-214
heuristic: overall fitting factor, Jm 1
Max. torque brake setting
detent 30, 2=3.5º
condition
su
0.067 in/in
plastic ultimate strain, epu
epu
2
0.35 in
thickness,
size,n ultimate strain long transverse,
epuLT t 0.030 in/in
plastic
epuLT
10000000
psi
edge margin,
e
0.7500 E
in
young modulus of elasticity, E
2G7T12U (Detent 0, Fairing Condition 1)
Simulation Templates (CBAMs)
of Diverse Feature:Mode, & Fidelity
Plug joint
F tuax
Channel Fitting67 Ksi
Template
4.317 K
Static Strength Analysis
Dataset
XaiTools
1 of 1
Bulkhead Fitting Joint
Feature
Margin
of Safety
(> case)
actual
estimated axial ultimate strength
allowable
MS
2.40
Program
L29 -300
Part
Outboard TE Flap, Support No 2;
Inboard Beam, 123L4567
Feature
Diagonal Brace Lug Joint
Template Lug Joint
Axial Ultimate Strength Model
Dataset
j = top lug
k = normal diameter
(1 of 4)
1.5D
Image API
(CATGEO);
VBScript
Analyzable
Product Model
XaiTools
Lug:
Axial/Oblique;
Ultimate/Shear
Assembly:
Ultimate/
FailSafe/Fatigue*
FASTDB-like
In-House
Codes
Fitting:
Bending/Shear
3D
Fasteners DB
General Math
Mathematica
1.5D
Materials DB
MATDB-like
Analysis Tools
FEA
Elfini*
* = Item not yet available in toolkit (all others have working examples)
http://eislab.gatech.edu/projects/boeing-psi/
Copyright © 2007 Georgia Tech. All Rights Reserved.
38
Lug Template Applied to an Airframe Analysis Problem
Composable Object (COB)-based constraint schematic - instance view
CBAM
Classical COB Notation [Peak, 1993; Tamburini, 1999; Wilson, 2000]
CAD-CAE Associativity
(idealization usage)
lugs
diagonal brace lug joint
analysis context
L [ j:1,n ]
j = top
hole
lugj
product structure (lug joint)
Geometry
2
size,n
mode (ultimate static strength)
deformation model
diameters
L [ k] k = norm
Dk
normal diameter, Dnorm
oversize diameter, Dover
Max. torque brake setting
detent 30, 2=3.5º
thickness, t
0.35 in
edge margin, e
0.7500 in
Plug joint
condition
r1
Plug joint
Plug
e
W
Paxu = Kaxu (
4.317 K
n
(links to other analyses)
actual
0.7433
Paxu
14.686 K
W
 1) DtFtuax
D
Solution Tool
Interaction
Boundary Condition Objects
Margin of Safety
(> case)
Kaxu
F tuax
67 Ksi
8.633 K
objective
DM 6630
t
Material Models
max allowable ultimate stress, FtuL
material
D
0.7500 in
effective width, W 1.6000 in
7050-T7452, MS 7-214
Lug Axial Ultimate
Strength Model
estimated axial ultimate strength
allowable
b
MS
Model-based Documentation
2.40
c
R
Requirements
Program
L29 -300
Part
Outboard TE Flap, Support No 2;
Inboard Beam, 123L4567
Template Lug Joint
Axial Ultimate Strength Model
Diagonal Brace Lug Joint

D
 = f( c , b , R )
W = f( R , D ,  )
e
Dataset
Feature
axial direction
j = top lug
k = normal diameter
(1 of 4)
Legend: Annotations highlight model knowledge capture capabilities. Other notation is COB constraint schematics notation.
Copyright © 2007 Georgia Tech. All Rights Reserved.
39
Fitting Analysis Template Applied to “Bike Frame” Bulkhead
COB-based CBAM constraint schematic - instance view
18 associativity relations
bulkhead fitting attach point
analysis context
product structure
(channel fitting joint) bolt LE7K18
end pad
fitting
head
hole
Classical COB Notation [Peak, 1993; Tamburini, 1999; Wilson, 2000]
mode: (ultimate static strength)
radius, r1
0.4375 in
radius, ro
0.5240 in
width, b
2.440 in
eccentricity, e
1.267 in
0.5 in
thickness, te
2.088 in
height, h
base
wall
material
condition:
COB = composable object
thickness, tb
0.307 in
thickness, tw
0.310 in
angled height, a
1.770 in
r0
b
Channel Fitting
Static Strength Analysis
e
te
IAS Function
Ref DM 6-81766
r2
tb
K3 = f (r1,b, h)
tw
a
fbe =
max allowable ultimate stress, Ftu
67000 psi
allowable ultimate long transverse stress, FtuLT
65000 psi
max allowable yield stress, Fty
57000 psi
Fty
max allowable long transverse stress, FtyLT
52000 psi
max allowable shear stress, Fsu
FtyLT
39000 psi
plastic ultimate strain, epu
0.067 in/in
plastic ultimate strain long transverse, epuLT
0.030 in/in
10000000 psi
5960 Ibs
1
Ftu
fse =
P
2
hte
C1
P
2pr0te
FtuLT
MSwall
9.17
MSepb
5.11
MSeps
9.77
Fsu
epu
epuLT
E
Pu
jm
Program
L29 -300
Part
Outboard TE Flap, Support No 2;
Inboard Beam, 123L4567
Feature
0.0000 in
radius, r2
load, Pu
heuristic: overall fitting factor, Jm
r1
h
hole
young modulus of elasticity, E
2G7T12U (Detent 0, Fairing Condition 1)
strength model
Template Channel Fitting
Static Strength Analysis
Dataset
1 of 1
Bulkhead FittingCopyright
Joint © 2007 Georgia Tech. All Rights Reserved.
40
Simulation-Based Design Knowledge Representation
A Conceptual Framework for Modeling & Simulation
http://eislab.gatech.edu/research/dai/
Idealization & Associativity Relations
Other Model Abstractions (Patterns)
Design Models
ProductSpecific
3
Analyzable
Product Model
Analysis Models
ProductIndependent
4 Context-Based Analysis Model
APM
2 Analysis Building Block
Printed Wiring Assembly (PWA)
1 Solution Method Model
CBAM
Solder
Joint
Component
Gi
ABB
SMM
APM ABB
Component
Solder Joint
PWB
T0
body 1
body4
ABBSMM
body3
body 2
Printed Wiring Board (PWB)
Design Tools
Solution Tools
Multi-Representation
Architecture (MRA)
Copyright © 2007 Georgia Tech. All Rights Reserved.
41
http://eislab.gatech.edu/pubs/conferences/2003-asme-detc-peak/
Preliminary Characterization of CAD-CAE Interoperability Problem
Estimated quantities for all structural analyses of a complex system (airframe)
Idealization & Associativity Relations
Other Model Abstractions (Patterns)
Design Models
O(10K) relevant parts
3
Analyzable
Product Model
Analysis Models
O(10K) template types and
O(100K) template instances
4 Context-Based Analysis Model
O(100) building blocks
APM
2 Analysis Building Block
Printed Wiring Assembly (PWA)
1 Solution Method Model
CBAM
Solder
Joint
Component
Gi
ABB
SMM
APM ABB
Component
T0
Solder Joint
PWB
body 1
body4
ABBSMM
body3
body 2
Printed Wiring Board (PWB)
Design Tools
O(100) tools
Copyright © 2007 Georgia Tech. All Rights Reserved.
Solution Tools
42
Preliminary Characterization of CAD-CAE Interoperability Problem
Estimated quantities for all structural analyses of a complex system (airframe) - cont.
CAD-CAE associativity relations are represented
as APM-ABB relations, APMABB , inside CBAMs
3
Analyzable
Product Model
O(100K) template instances containing
O(1M) associativity relations
4 Context-Based Analysis Model
APM
2 Analysis Building Block
Printed Wiring Assembly (PWA)
1 Solution Method Model
CBAM
Solder
Joint
Component
Gi
ABB
SMM
APM ABB
Component
Solder Joint
T0
body 1
body4
PWB
ABBSMM
body3
body 2
Printed Wiring Board (PWB)
Design Tools
Solution Tools
associativity gap = computer-insensible relation
Copyright © 2007 Georgia Tech. All Rights Reserved.
 ~1M gaps
43
What is SysML?
“The OMG Systems Modeling Language is a visual modeling language for
systems engineering applications. SysML supports the specification,
analysis, design, verification, and validation of a broad range of systems
and systems-of-systems. These systems may include hardware, software,
information, processes, personnel, and facilities.”
Primary website
http://www.omgsysml.org/
SysML focus at Georgia Tech
http://www.pslm.gatech.edu/topics/sysml/
Copyright © 2007 Georgia Tech. All Rights Reserved.
44
bdd [package] springSystems [Analytical spring tutorial]
Spring
System
Example
par [block] LinearSpring [Definition view]
r3: ForceEqn
«abb»
TwoSpringSystem
{F = k * dL}
springConstant:
values
k:
force:
F:
dL:
deformation1: DistanceMeasure
deformation2: DistanceMeasure
load: ForceMeasure
totalElongation:
r2: deltaLengthEqn
spring1
{dL = L – L0}
spring2
dL:
«abb»
LinearSpring
L:
L0:
length:
L
L
Lo
F
x1
k
deformed state
x2
F
values
undeformedLength:
undeformedLength: LengthMeasure
springConstant: ForcePerLengthMeasure
start: DistanceMeasure
end: DistanceMeasure
length: DistanceMeasure
totalElongation: DistanceMeasure
force: ForceMeasure
r1: LengthEqn
{L = x2 – x1}
start:
x1:
L:
x2:
end:
(a) Analytical springs tutorial block definition diagram.
(b) LinearSpring parametric diagram.
SysML Diagrams
k1
k2
par [block] TwoSpringSystem [Definition view]
P
u1
u2
bc3:
spring1: LinearSpring
spring2: LinearSpring
springConstant: N/mm = 5.50
springConstant: N/mm = 6.00
force:
undeformedLength: mm = 8.00
force:
undeformedLength: mm = 8.00
totalElongation:
start: = 0
bc6: u2Eqn
length:
length:
end:
bc2:
INCOSE Symposium 2007 papers - http://www.pslm.gatech.edu/topics/sysml/
load:
totalElongation:
start:
end:
bc4:
bc5:
(c) TwoSpringSystem parametric diagram.
{u2 = dL2 – u1}
dL2:
u2:
u1:
deformation2:
deformation1:
The Generations of Modeling Paradigms
• 3rd Generation: Component-Based Model
energy
One model – Multiple scenarios
Failures – Multiple combinations
of structural changes
Copyright © Sörman Information & Media AB
INCOSE Symposium 2007 papers - http://www.pslm.gatech.edu/topics/sysml/
Design-Simulation Knowledge Graph
Flap Linkage Model—A Benchmark Design-Analysis Example
Design Tools
Analysis Building Blocks
(ABBs)
MCAD Tools
CATIA, NX,
Pro/E*, ...
Analysis Templates
of Diverse Behavior & Fidelity
(CBAMs)
Continuum ABBs:
Material Model ABB:
reference temperature, To
shear stress,
E
2(1  )
G=
cte, 
 t =  T
temperature change,T

stress,
r3

e =
e
T
t


r2
undeformed length, Lo
r4
L
F
E, A, 
T, ,  x
L = L  Lo
=
Extension
r3
L
L
L = x2  x1
 = e  t
E
linkage
effective length, Leff
Extensional Rod
(isothermal)
al1
length, L
end, x2
thermal strain, t
Linkage Extensional Model
total elongation,L
r1
start, x1
shear modulus, G
r1
E
torque, Tr
material
T
G, r, ,  ,J
radius, r
E

F

stress mos model

e
T
t




Margin of Safety
(> case)
1D
allowable stress
allowable
General Math
Mathematica
Matlab*
MathCAD*
...
actual
MS
r3r
 =
L0
undeformed length, Lo
 =  2  r1
1
theta start, 1
L
A
youngs modulus, E al3
reaction
condition
x
L
x2
al2
linear elastic model
Lo
x1
G

Trr
=
polar moment of inertia, J
J
area, A
cross section
Lo
One D Linear T
Elastic Model
strain, 
r2
mode: shaft tension
y
material model
Torsional Rod
elastic strain, e

r4
F
A

shear strain, 
r5

G
=
youngs modulus, E
poissons ratio, 
=
area, A
L
Lo
F
E
T = T  To
force, F
1D Linear Elastic Model
One D Linear
Elastic Model
(no shear)
edb.r1
temperature, T
y
material model
Extensional Rod
Analysis Solvers
(via SMMs)
theta end, 2
Linkage Plane Stress Model
inter_axis_length
linkage
twist, 
sleeve_1
deformation model
Parameterized
FEA Model
w
t
Legend
Tool Associativity
Object Re-use
L
ws1
r
sleeve_2
w
shaft
cross_section:basic
ts1
rs2
ws2
t
2D
mode: tension
r
ux,max
ts2
x,max
rs2
wf
wf
tw
tw
tf
tf
material
E
name
E

linear_elastic_model

F
condition reaction
flap_link
allowable stress
effective_length
allowable inter axis length change
L
w
sleeve_1
B
t
ts2
ts1
r
s
w
sleeve_2
sleeve1
sleeve2
shaft
rib1
stress mos model
Margin of Safety
(> case)
allowable
allowable
actual
actual
MS
MS
R1
t
rib2
R1
r
R2
x
ds1
ds2
B
ux mos model
Margin of Safety
(> case)
x
shaft
cross_section
R3
wf
R4
tw
t1f
Leff
R6
R5
deformation model
t2f
Torsional Rod
critical_section
critical_detailed
linkage
wf
effective length, Leff
al1
Lo
tw
Materials Libraries
In-House, ...
Parts Libraries
In-House*, ...
rib_1
R11
hw
b
R7
t1f
h
t
rib_2
t2f
R2
critical_simple
wf
h
t
material
tw
R3
name
stress_strain_model
linear_elastic
E
hw

tf
cte
area
R9
mode: shaft torsion
Torsion
R8
area
b
R10
cross section:
effective ring
material
condition
polar moment of inertia, J
al2a
outer radius, ro
al2b
linear elastic model
reaction
allowable stress
twist mos model
R12
Analyzable Product Model
(APM)
* = Item not yet available in toolkit—all others have working examples 2007-04

1
1D
Copyright © 2007 Georgia Tech. All Rights Reserved.
Margin of Safety
(> case)
allowable
shear modulus, G
al3
2
J
r

G

T
stress mos model
allowable
twist
Margin of Safety
(> case)
allowable
actual
actual
MS
MS
FEA
Ansys
Abaqus*
CATIA Elfini*
MSC Nastran*
MSC Patran*
NX Nastran*
...
Linkage Torsional Model
47
Flap Linkage Design Model
SysML Block Definition Diagram (bdd) - basic view
bdd [package] flapLinkageApm [Basic view]
L
B
s
ts1
PhysicalPart
ts2
red = idealized parameter
rib1
ds1
shaft
rib2
sleeve1
sleeve2
B
ds2
Leff
shaft
FlapLinkage
TaperedBeam
criticalCrossSection
origin
Point
sleeve1
Sleeve
sleeve2
rib1
CrossSection
rib2
Rib
basic
material
hole
Material
tapered
BasicISection
Hole
TaperedISection
design
FilletedTaperedISection
v. 2007-04-19
Copyright © 2007 Georgia Tech. All Rights Reserved.
48
Flap Linkage Design Model
SysML Parametric Diagram (par)
par [block] FlapLinkage [Definition view: primary design and idealization relations]
sleeve1:
origin:
wallThickness:
hole:
{ys1 = y0}
z:
y0:
innerDiameter:
crossSection:
sleeve2:
pr1: ys1Eqn
x:
wallThickness:
innerDiameter:
y:
outerDiameter:
diameter:
pr2: ys2Eqn
diameter:
origin:
{ys2 = ys1 + L}
x:
radius:
crossSection:
outerDiameter:
origin:
area:
hole:
ys1:
ys2:
y:
L:
x:
z:
area:
z:
y:
ys1:
radius:
width:
width:
pr5: tr1Eqn
rib1:
pr3: hr1Eqn
{hr1 = (ws1 - wtd) / 2}
ws1:
hr1:
wtd:
{tr1 = wtd}
thickness:
tr1:
height:
wtd:
pr6: tr2Eqn
pir2: htotdEqn
ods1:
htotd:
{tr2 = wtd}
{htotd =
ods1}
wtd:
tr2:
rib2:
pr4: hr2Eqn
thickness:
height:
{hr2 = (ws2 - wtd) / 2}
hr2:
ws2:
wtd:
base:
base:
partNumber:
L
shaft:
description:
B
pir1: LeffEqn
taperAngle:
rhs1:
rhs2:
L:
Leff:
interAxisLength:
length:
criticalCrossSection:
dLa:
ds2
material:
name:
area:
Leff:
mechanicalBehaviorModels:
iSection.flangeThickness:
dLaf:
{dLa = dLaf * Leff}
pir3: thaEqn
allowableTwistFactor:
sleeve2
design:
flangeBaseThickness:
flangeTaperThickness:
allowableTwist:
rib2
Leff
iSection.webHeight:
allowableInterAxisLengthChangeFactor:
shaft
sleeve1
webThickness:
pir4: dLaEqn
allowableInterAxisLengthChange:
rib1
ds1
B
totalHeight:
effectiveLength:
ts2
red = idealized parameter
designer:
{Leff =
L - (rhs1 + rhs2)}
s
ts1
tha:
Leff:
flangeFilletRadius:
linearElastic:
youngsModulus:
shearModulus:
poissonsRatio:
flangeTaperAngle:
flangeWidth:
thaf:
{tha = thaf * Leff}
yieldStress:
Copyright © 2007 Georgia Tech. All Rights Reserved.
49
INCOSE Symposium 2007 papers - http://www.pslm.gatech.edu/topics/sysml/
Design-Simulation Knowledge Graph
Flap Linkage Model—A Benchmark Design-Analysis Example
Design Tools
Analysis Building Blocks
(ABBs)
MCAD Tools
CATIA, NX,
Pro/E*, ...
Analysis Templates
of Diverse Behavior & Fidelity
(CBAMs)
Continuum ABBs:
Material Model ABB:
reference temperature, To
shear stress,
E
2(1  )
G=
cte, 
 t =  T
temperature change,T

stress,
r3

e =
e
T
t


r2
undeformed length, Lo
r4
L
F
E, A, 
T, ,  x
L = L  Lo
=
Extension
r3
L
L
L = x2  x1
 = e  t
E
linkage
effective length, Leff
Extensional Rod
(isothermal)
al1
length, L
end, x2
thermal strain, t
Linkage Extensional Model
total elongation,L
r1
start, x1
shear modulus, G
r1
E
torque, Tr
material
T
G, r, ,  ,J
radius, r
E

F

stress mos model

e
T
t




Margin of Safety
(> case)
1D
allowable stress
allowable
General Math
Mathematica
Matlab*
MathCAD*
...
actual
MS
r3r
 =
L0
undeformed length, Lo
 =  2  r1
1
theta start, 1
L
A
youngs modulus, E al3
reaction
condition
x
L
x2
al2
linear elastic model
Lo
x1
G

Trr
=
polar moment of inertia, J
J
area, A
cross section
Lo
One D Linear T
Elastic Model
strain, 
r2
mode: shaft tension
y
material model
Torsional Rod
elastic strain, e

r4
F
A

shear strain, 
r5

G
=
youngs modulus, E
poissons ratio, 
=
area, A
L
Lo
F
E
T = T  To
force, F
1D Linear Elastic Model
One D Linear
Elastic Model
(no shear)
edb.r1
temperature, T
y
material model
Extensional Rod
Analysis Solvers
(via SMMs)
theta end, 2
Linkage Plane Stress Model
inter_axis_length
linkage
twist, 
sleeve_1
deformation model
Parameterized
FEA Model
w
t
Legend
Tool Associativity
Object Re-use
L
ws1
r
sleeve_2
w
shaft
cross_section:basic
ts1
rs2
ws2
t
2D
mode: tension
r
ux,max
ts2
x,max
rs2
wf
wf
tw
tw
tf
tf
material
E
name
E

linear_elastic_model

F
condition reaction
flap_link
allowable stress
effective_length
allowable inter axis length change
L
w
sleeve_1
B
t
ts2
ts1
r
s
w
sleeve_2
sleeve1
sleeve2
shaft
rib1
stress mos model
Margin of Safety
(> case)
allowable
allowable
actual
actual
MS
MS
R1
t
rib2
R1
r
R2
x
ds1
ds2
B
ux mos model
Margin of Safety
(> case)
x
shaft
cross_section
R3
wf
R4
tw
t1f
Leff
R6
R5
deformation model
t2f
Torsional Rod
critical_section
critical_detailed
linkage
wf
effective length, Leff
al1
Lo
tw
Materials Libraries
In-House, ...
Parts Libraries
In-House*, ...
rib_1
R11
hw
b
R7
t1f
h
t
rib_2
t2f
R2
critical_simple
wf
h
t
material
tw
R3
name
stress_strain_model
linear_elastic
E
hw

tf
cte
area
R9
mode: shaft torsion
Torsion
R8
area
b
R10
cross section:
effective ring
material
condition
polar moment of inertia, J
al2a
outer radius, ro
al2b
linear elastic model
reaction
allowable stress
twist mos model
R12
Analyzable Product Model
(APM)
* = Item not yet available in toolkit—all others have working examples 2007-04

1
1D
Copyright © 2007 Georgia Tech. All Rights Reserved.
Margin of Safety
(> case)
allowable
shear modulus, G
al3
2
J
r

G

T
stress mos model
allowable
twist
Margin of Safety
(> case)
allowable
actual
actual
MS
MS
FEA
Ansys
Abaqus*
CATIA Elfini*
MSC Nastran*
MSC Patran*
NX Nastran*
...
Linkage Torsional Model
50
Linkage Simulation Templates & Generic Building Blocks
SysML Block Definition Diagram (bdd) - basic view
bdd [package] linkageCbams [Basic view]
soi = system of interest
L
B
condition
Condition
soi
«cbam»
LinkageAnalysisModel
s
ts1
«apm»
Linkage
ts2
red = idealized parameter
rib1
ds1
shaft
rib2
sleeve1
sleeve2
B
ds2
Leff
Designspecific
simulation
templates
«cbam»
LinkageExtensionalModel
«cbam»
LinkagePlaneStressModel
sxMosModel
Designindependent
analytical
building
blocks
«cbam»
LinkageTorsionalModel
uxMosModel
stressMosModel
stressMosModel
«abb»
MarginOfSafetyModel
deformationModel
twistMosModel
deformationModel
«abb»
ExtensionalRodIsothermal
«abb»
LinkagePlaneStressAbb
«abb»
TorsionalRod
«abb»
OneDLinearElasticModel
materialModel
materialModel
«abb»
OneDLinearElasticModelNoShear
«abb»
OneDLinearElasticModelIsothermal
Copyright © 2007 Georgia Tech. All Rights Reserved.
51
Libraries of Analysis Building Blocks (ABBs)
Material Model & Continuum ABBs
y
L
SysML Diagrams
L
o
(b)
par [block] ExtensionalRod [Definition view]
materialModel:
OneDLinearElasticModelNoShear
edbr1: deltatEqn
L
T:
F
F
E, A, 
youngsModulus:
temperature:
elasticStrain:
T0:
T, ,  x
referenceTemperature:
dT:
cte:
{dT = T – T0}
thermalStrain:
temperatureChange:
totalStrain:
(a)
par [block] OneDLinearElasticModel [Definition view]
normalStress
r4: stressEqn
r5: gamEqn
F:
sig:
force:
gam:
tau:
r3: etotEqn
shearStrain:
shearStress:
A:
area:
G:
L:
{sig = F / A}
{gam = tau / G}
r2: deltalEqn
dL:
L0:
r1: gEqn
etot:
{etot = dL / L}
undeformedLength:
r1: lengthEqn
G:
E:
shearModulus:
youngsModulus:
L:
nu:
dL:
totalElongation:
{dL = L – L0}
x1:
positionEnd1:
poissonsRatio:
{G = 1/2 * E/(1 + nu)}
x2:
positionEnd2:
modular
re-usage
r4: etEqn
L:
length:
{L = x2 – x1}
alpha:
cte:
(c)
par [block] TorsionalRod [Definition view]
et:
dT:
thermalStrain:
temperatureChange:
{et = alpha * dT}
materialModel:
OneDLinearElasticModelPureShear
r2: tauEqn
T:
elasticStrain:
shearModulus:
torque
r2: etotEqn
r3: eeEqn
shearStrain:
J:
sig:
etot:
et:
E:
tau:
shearStress:
polarMomentOfInertia:
totalStrain:
normalStress:
r:

ee:
ee:
radius:
{tau = T * r / J}

r3: gamEqn
{etot = ee + et}
{ee = sig / E}
r:
L0:
gam:
undeformedLength:
y
r1: twistEqn
Lo
th1:
T
T
G, r, ,  ,J
x
dTh:
{gam = dTh * r / L0}
angleEnd1:
th2:
angleEnd2:
dTh:
{dTh = th2 – th1}
twist:
Linkage Simulation Templates & Generic Building Blocks
SysML Block Definition Diagram (bdd) - basic view
bdd [package] linkageCbams [Basic view]
soi = system of interest
L
B
condition
Condition
soi
«cbam»
LinkageAnalysisModel
s
ts1
«apm»
Linkage
ts2
red = idealized parameter
rib1
ds1
shaft
rib2
sleeve1
sleeve2
B
ds2
Leff
Designspecific
simulation
templates
«cbam»
LinkageExtensionalModel
«cbam»
LinkagePlaneStressModel
sxMosModel
Designindependent
analytical
building
blocks
«cbam»
LinkageTorsionalModel
uxMosModel
stressMosModel
stressMosModel
«abb»
MarginOfSafetyModel
deformationModel
twistMosModel
deformationModel
«abb»
ExtensionalRodIsothermal
«abb»
LinkagePlaneStressAbb
«abb»
TorsionalRod
«abb»
OneDLinearElasticModel
materialModel
materialModel
«abb»
OneDLinearElasticModelNoShear
«abb»
OneDLinearElasticModelIsothermal
Copyright © 2007 Georgia Tech. All Rights Reserved.
53
Analysis Template: Linkage Extensional Model
COB-based CBAM - SysML Parametric Diagram
par [cbam] LinkageExtensionalModel_800240 [Instance view: state 1.1 - solved]
soi: FlapLinkage_XYZ-510
CBAM
ABB
APM
effectiveLength: in = 5.00
deformationModel:
undeformedLength:
totalElongation:
in = 1.43e-3
L
shaft:
B
s
ts1
criticalCrossSection:
rib1
ds1
basic:
shaft
length:
rib2
sleeve1
sleeve2
B
area:
in^2 = 1.125
area:
ts2
red = idealized parameter
ds2
Leff
materialModel:
normalStress:
psi = 8888
youngsModulus:
totalStrain:
material: Steel1020HR
name:
= “1020 hot-rolled steel”
mechanicalBehaviorModels:
condition:
reaction:
lbs = 10000
SMM
Solving supported via
math tool execution
force:
description:
= “flaps mid position”
linearElastic:
youngsModulus:
psi = 30e6
stressMosModel:
ABB
determined:
yieldStress:
psi = 18000
allowable:
marginOfSafety:
= 1.025
Copyright © 2007 Georgia Tech. All Rights Reserved.
v. 2005-12-19
54
Analysis Template Instance: Linkage Extensional Model
Executable parametric model in XaiTools COB browser—an object-oriented spreadsheet.
Library data for materials
Detailed CAD data from CATIA
example 1, state 1
Idealized analysis features in APM
Modular generic building blocks
(ABBs)
Explicit multi-directional
associativity between
design & analysis
XFW v1.0.0.t02
Copyright © 2007 Georgia Tech. All Rights Reserved.
55
par [cbam] LinkagePlaneStressModel [Definition view]
L
B
FEA-based
Analysis Template
Linkage Plane Stress Model
SysML Parametric Diagram
s
ts1
ts2
red = idealized parameter
rib1
ds1
shaft
rib2
sleeve1
sleeve2
B
soi: Linkage
ds2
Leff
effectiveLength:
deformationModel:
LinkagePlaneStressAbb
sleeve1:
width:
l:
wallThickness:
ws1:
outerRadius:
ts1:
rs1:
sleeve2:
ws2:
width:
ts2:
wallThickness:
rs2:
outerRadius:
tf:
wf:
shaft:
tw:
criticalCrossSection:
ex:
uxMax:
nuxy:
basicIsection:
sxMax:
force:
flangeThickness:
flangeWidth:
webThickness:
condition: Condition
material:
reaction:
name:
description:
mechanicalBehaviorModels:
sxMosModel:
MarginOfSafetyModel
linearElastic:
youngsModulus:
determined:
allowable:
marginOfSafety:
poissonsRatio:
yieldStress:
uxMosModel:
MarginOfSafetyModel
determined:
allowableInterAxisLengthChange:
allowable:
marginOfSafety:
Copyright © 2007 Georgia Tech. All Rights Reserved.
56
Flap Linkage Design Verification: System Context
SysML Requirements Diagram
req [block] FlapLinkage [Verification structure]
«requirement»
FaaSpecifications
id=REQ-1
text=”Must comply with FAA
regulations.”
«requirement»
FlightConditionsSafety
id=REQ-1.1
«requirement»
TakeOffSafety
id=REQ-1.1.1
«requirement»
LandingSafety
id=REQ-1.1.2
«deriveReqt»
id=REQ-1.1.3
«deriveReqt»
«requirement»
FlapsDown
id=REQ-1.1.1.1
«requirement»
CruisingSafety
id=REQ-1.1.4
«deriveReqt»
«requirement»
FlapsDetent
«requirement»
FlapsMidPosition
id=REQ-1.1.2.1
id=REQ-1.1.3.1
«satisfy»
«requirement»
DivingSafety
«deriveReqt»
«requirement»
2GDive
id=REQ-1.1.4.1
«satisfy»
«verify»
«satisfy»
«apm»
FlapLinkage
«satisfy»
«testCase»
FlapsDownTestCase
Copyright © 2007 Georgia Tech. All Rights Reserved.
57
Simulation Template-based Test Case Execution
for Requirements Verification
sd [testCase] FlapsDownTestCase_310 [Instance view: test completed]
FEA-based engineering analysis template
Tester
«block»
: FlapLinkageTestBench_245
«cbam»
: LinkagePlaneStressModel_760
getVerdict(FlapLinkage_XYZ-510):
setFlapLinkageInstance(FlapLinkage_XYZ-510)
setLoad(: lbs = 10000); execute()
getResult(“sx_mos_model.margin_of_safety”)
getResult(“ux_mos_model.margin_of_safety”)
: Verdict = “pass”
Copyright © 2007 Georgia Tech. All Rights Reserved.
58
Primary Impacts
Enabling Capabilities
Increased Knowledge
Capture & Completeness
Increased
Modularity & Reusability
Increased
Traceability
Reduced
Manual Re-Creation
Increased
& Data Entry Errors
Automation
Reduced
Modeling Effort
Increased
Analysis Intensity
Reduced
Time
Reduced
Cost
Reduced
Risk
Increased
Understanding
Increased
Corporate Memory
Increased Artifact
Performance
Benefits of Templates
& Component-based Modeling
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Copyright © 2007 Georgia Tech. All Rights Reserved.
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59
Contents
• Information Management Principles
– Fundamental Things
– Intermediate / Advanced Concepts
• Knowledge Graphs and
Component-based Modeling
– SysML and Composable Objects (COBs)
– Patterns for Simulation Templates
With Applications to After-Sales
Copyright © 2007 Georgia Tech. All Rights Reserved.
60
Conclusion
Hopefully you have found useful
a Thing ...
... or Two
Copyright © 2007 Georgia Tech. All Rights Reserved.
61
Quiz
• Content semantic gaps
– Describe one or more after-sales applications
[50 pts.]
• Content coverage gaps
– Describe one or more after-sales applications
[50 pts.]
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62