Transcript Installation Seminar

UDC Inspector Seminar
2007

Understanding
Manufactured Home
Installation Standards
1
Presenter – Ross Kinzler
Executive Director of Wisconsin Housing
Alliance
Presenter – Mike Zenner
Inspection Services
2
Ross Kinzler
With MH industry since 1989
Chief lobbyist for the industry
3
Mike Zenner
Over 35 years of manufactured housing
experience
Wick Quality Control
Currently – Inspection Services
AC inspections under the HUD Code
UDC Construction and other creditials
4
What we’re going to learn
Basics of the HUD Code
Installation standard for existing homes
New HUD Installation Standard
New licensing law for installers
5
What’s in your book?
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Key to the Code
Did you know?
Commerce contacts
Web links
Older home installation standard info
Licensing info
New installation standard
Resources
6
What’s What
Home is covered by HUD Code which preempts
state and local law
New installation standards preempt local
ordinances just like the UDC
Pier installation standards are now a part of the
UDC
Watch out for places where codes interface
Understanding the HUD Code
7
What is the Timeline
Sept to March – training installers
Jan 1 –licensing in effect
Jan to April – training inspectors
April 1 – new code effective and inspections
begin

Inspectors may not be employees of home
manufacturer, a salesperson involved in the sale
or an installer involved with the particular home
8
Critical Websites
See page 6
9
Licensing
Trigger is installing a home on a foundation
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Anchoring – no
Grading – no
Excavation – no
Pouring basement – no
The person supervising the home going on the
foundation - yes
10
Licensing
General supervision – the installer does not
need to be on the job site
Homeowner is exempt from licensing but if
people help and would otherwise need a
license they must be licensed
11
Licensing of Installers
Qualifications
18 years old
Not been found responsible in any court or agency
hearing of a violation of the installation law during prior
2 years
Not been found responsible in any court or agency
hearing for failure to perform under installation contract
or defrauding a person in the provision of installation
services
12
Application for Installers License
$100 license fee plus one time $10 application
fee for 4 year license
Take 12 hour qualifying class & pass exam
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Unless application made by June 1
Have installed 10 or more
homes personally
13
Renewal
Renewal requires 12 hours of continuing
education over the 4 year period
Also must not have been found responsible for
breaking the rule or defrauding a customer
14
Wisconsin Installation Standard
Act 45 authorized Commerce to adopt standard
Manufactured Housing Code Council recommended rule adopted draft federal rule
Council is attached to the Dept of Commerce
Published in Administrative Register
15
Comm 21.40
Formerly Comm 27.18
Now a part of the UDC
Applies to homes built before April 1, 2007
16
Comm 21.40
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No footing on unprepared fill. All organic
matter must be removed.
Soil bearing test using pocket penetrometer
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Grade site to drain water away for minimum
of 5 ft from home
A footing for every pier, nominal 16” by 16”
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Consult others if soil is less than 2000 psi
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17
Comm 21.40 Footings
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A. one 4 by 16 by 16 solid blocks or two 4 by
8 by 16 solid blocks.
B. 16 by 16 ABS pad rated at not less than
6000 lbs
C. 18 inch diameter hole bored below the
frost line or to unfractured bedrock and filled
with poured concrete
D. Other materials or systems approved by
Commerce
18
Comm 21.40 Piers
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Concrete blocks, manufactured steel stands
or manufactured concrete stands
Single stack piers limited to 36 inches
Single stack piers loads limited to 8,000 lbs
36 to 80 inch piers – double blocked (layered
in opposing layers)
80 inch or more – double blocked laid in
concrete mortar, cores filled with mortar and
½ inch steel reinforcing rod
19
Comm 21.40 Concrete Blocks
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2 core design, construction grade 8x8x16
Cores placed with cores open vertically
Block nearest main frame shall be
perpendicular to the linear direction of frame
No block may contact the frame
20
Comm 21.40 – Pier Spacing
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No more than 7 feet on center
No more than 3 feet from exterior side of
each end wall
Can be varied to follow manufacturer tables
Piers under clear-span openings of 4 feet or
more in mating walls
Piers must be plumb and centered under
point of support
21
Comm 21.40 - Caps
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Solid concrete block or solid wood block
having nominal thickness of at least 2 inches
Cap must be same width and length as top
of pier
No more than 2 pieces – 2 piece caps
positioned with joint perpendicular to frame if
used
22
Comm 21.40 - Shims
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Where used, driven from opposing sides
and be no less than 4” by 8”
Wood caps and shims at least equal to #2
spruce pine fir with min bending stress
rating of 1200 psi. All wood caps must be
of same species of wood. All shims must
be of same species of wood.
23
Comm 21.40 – Height limits
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Combination of nominal 2 inch solid concrete
block or wood cap plus shims must not
exceed 3 ½ inches
Minimum clearance under home of 12 inches
between lowest point of main frame in area
of utility connections. Min clearance of 12
inches for 75% of home. Remainder may be
less than 12 inches but cannot touch ground
24
Federal Installation Standard
MHCC recommended rule
HUD Secretary published rule for comment
HUD Secretary published proposed final rule
OMB Review completed
Awaiting final publication (November??)
25
The Standards
3280 – HUD Construction Standards for the
home
3285 – HUD Model Installation Standards

VERY IMPORTANT (means will be on test)
The following must be AT LEAST AS
STRINGENT as the federal model
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State Standards
Manufacturer Manuals
26
HUD Code Development
Manufactured Home Consensus Committee
approves standards
Secretary of HUD submits for public comment
Secretary of HUD issues final rule following
OMB input (White House)
Rule is published in Federal Register
27
Understanding Part 3285
Use the Blue and Red Cheat Sheet
28
Definitions
Words have meaning so read them carefully –
see 3285.5
A manufacturer must provide with each new
home a DAPIA approved designs and
instructions that are consistent with the
standards – 3285.2
DAPIA – means Design Approval Primary
Inspection Agency
29
Variations by Installer
If you vary support and anchorage from the
manufacturer’s instructions, the installer
must obtain site-specific instructions from the
(1) manufacturer or (2) a registered
professional engineer or (3) registered
architect. 3285.2(b)
30
Temporary Storage
The manufacturer’s instructions must provide
at least one method for temporarily
supporting each section to prevent structural
damage when those sections are sited at the
plant, retailer’s lot or home site. 3285.2(c)
31
Reference publications
Some to remember
ASTM – American Society for Testing &
Materials
NFPA – National Fire Protection Assn
FEMA – Federal Emergency Management
Agency
32
Application
These standards apply to HUD Code
manufactured Homes not modulars.
33
Fire Separation
Fire separation distances in accord with
NFPA 501(a) must be maintained. Means
10 feet
Fire separation distance must also comply
with Comm 26 in a mobile home park
(10 feet between basic structures)
Local ordinances might have additional
requirements
34
Flood Zones
Installer is responsible to determine if home is
being installed in flood zone. 3285.102(c)
If it is, special installation methods are
required.
Also note Shoreland zoning implications
35
Zone Maps
3 maps in the HUD Code
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Wind – Wisconsin in Zone 1
Roof Load – Wisconsin is South and Middle
Zones
Thermal Zone – Wisconsin is Zone 3
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U/O value must be less than 0.079

U/O is inverse of R value 0.079 = R 12.6
Homes may not be installed in a wind zone that
exceeds the design load for the home.
36
Site Preparation
Soil Mechanics
Soil tests can be conducted with a pocket penetrometer
Footings must be sized and spaced according to soil
bearing capacity
Also see the tables in 3285.202
Poor soils – peat, organic clays or uncompacted fill
require a geologist, engineer or architect’s opinion
37
Site Drainage
Drainage must provided to direct surface water
away from home and prevent build up under
home.
Minimum slope of ½ inch per foot for the first
10 feet
Where site is sloped, home must be protected
from surface runoff
38
Crown and Grade Site
39
40
Gutters and Downspouts
Manufacturer must specific if the home is
designed for them
When installed, runoff must be directed away
from the home
41
Ground Moisture Control
Vapor barrier must be installed except in arid regions
Min. 6 mill poly or equivalent
Overlap 12 inches and seal
Barrier may be under, over or around footings
Voids and tears must be repaired
3285.204
42
Ground Moisture Control
1 pint of water vapor is generated in 24 hours
@ 55 degrees under 10 sq. ft of floor area.
1500 sq ft home then equals 150 pints of
water. That’s 16-19 gallons of water
43
Foundations - Piers
Concrete blocks – Must conform to ASTM
standard C 90-02
Pressure treated wood – think pilings
Adjustable metal - Manufactured piers must be
labeled or listed for loads and installed to the
pier manufacturer’s instructions
Listed means approved for use
44
Pier loads
Must be designed with load taken into
consideration
Spacing is dependant on factors such as soil
bearing capacity and foot size
See tables at 3285.303
Pier spacing tables do not taken into
consideration flood or seismic loads see an
engineer or architect
45
Pier Configuration
Load bearing blocks not decorative
Nominal 8 by 8 by 16 inches
Stacked with hollow cores aligned vertically
When stacked side by side, each layer at right
angles to preceding one
Center beam/mating line supports are always
required for multi-section homes
46
47
48
49
Caps
Must evenly distribute loads across the capped hollow
block piers
May be made of solid concrete or masonry at least 4
inches nominal thickness OR hardwood lumber at
least 2 inches thick OR corrosion protected min ½
inch thick steel or other listed materials
50
51
Caps
Must be same length and width as piers
Split caps on double stacked piers must be
installed with long dimension across the joint
in blocks below
52
Gaps
Must be filled with one of these methods
Nominal 4 by 6 by 1 inch shims
a.
b.
c.
Must be used in pairs
Driven tightly
Must not occupy more than 1 inch of vertical
space
53
Manufactured Piers
Adjustable risers must not extend more than 2
inches when finally positioned
54
55
Clearance under Home
Minimum of 12 inches between lowest member of main
frame and grade under all areas of the home
Comm 21.40 for older homes is
A minimum clearance of 12 inches shall be
maintained beneath the lowest point of the main
frame in the area of any utility connection. A
minimum clearance of 12 inches shall also be
maintained under the home for at least 75% of the
home. The remainder of the home may be less than
12 inches above the ground but may not touch the
ground.
56
Less than 36” Piers
Permitted to constructed of open or closed
cell 8 by 8 by 16 when capacity of block is
not exceeded
Long sides are at right angles to supported
I-beam
Hollow cores stacked vertically and at right
angles to the footings
Horizontal offsets from top to bottom not to
exceed ½ inch
No mortar unless instructions require
57
58
59
Piers 36 to 67” and Corner Piers
All frame piers 36 to 67” high and all corner
piers over 3 block high must be double
blocked
No mortar unless instructions require
Horizontal offsets not to exceed 1”
60
61
62
63
Piers over 67”
Must be designed by registered professional
engineer or registered architect
Mortar not required unless specified
64
Perimeter support piers
Piers at mate-line supports, perimeter piers,
and piers at exterior wall openings can be
single open-cell or closed cell blocks to a
maximum height of 54 inches
Must be installed with the long dimension
parallel to perimeter rail
65
Pier Support Locations
No more than 24 inches from both ends of
frame
No more than 120 inches center to center
under the main I beam
Mating line, marriage wall line, ridge beam all
mean the point where sections join and they
require support – Be alert to extreme weight
considerations in these locations!
66
Perimeter Support Locations
Both sides of any exterior door
Any side wall opening of 48 inches or more
Under any load-bearing porch posts, factory
installed fireplaces and wood stoves
3285.311
67
Alternative to Perimeter Supports
If additional floor joists or outriggers are
providing perimeter support, the sizing of
piers and footers under the main chassis
beam must be adjusted.
68
Footings
Must be located on undisturbed soil or fill
compacted to 90% of maximum relative
density
A footing for every pier
Footing size depends on the load bearing
capacity of soil, footings and piers
3285.312
69
Footing Types
Concrete types
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4 inch nominal pre-cast pads meeting ASTM C
90-02 with 28 day compressive strength of
1,200 psi
6-inch minimum poured in place concrete pads,
slabs or ribbons with at least 28 day
compressive strength of 3,000 psi
70
Footing Types
Pressure-treated wood
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Minimum 2 layers of nominal 2 inch thick
pressure treated wood
Single layer of nominal ¾ inch pressure treated
plywood with a max size of 16 by 16 (must be
rated exposure 1 or exterior sheathing PS-1-95
rated
Cut ends must be field treated
71
Footing Types
ABS footing pads
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Installed according to pad manufacturer
instructions and certified for use in soil
classification at the site
Must be listed for required load capacity
72
73
Frost Protection
Footings must be designed using methods and practices
that prevent the effects of frost heave by:
1.
2.
3.
Conventional below the frost line footing
Monolithic slab above frost line – must be
designed by registered engineer or architect
Insulated foundation system above frost line must be designed by registered engineer or
architect
Frost line is 48 inches statewide as set by
Commerce
3285.312
74
75
76
Footing Sizing Table
How to use the tables
Use soil bearing capacity to determine size and
thickness needed
77
Anchorage
After blocking and leveling, the manufactured home
must be secured against the wind by an anchoring
system
Anchoring equipment means ties, straps, cables,
turnbuckles, chains and other approved components
including tensioning devices that are used to secure
a manufactured home to anchor assemblies.
Conventional anchors or alternative foundation system
(Tie Down or Oliver Technologies type systems)
78
Tie Down Engineering
Vector System
79
Vector System with Longitudinal
Support
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Note base plate and longitudinal support
80
Anchorage
The anchors must be capable of meeting the
loads the home was designed to withstand –
see data plate
Follow the anchor company’s instructions for
spacing, angles, connections and so forth
Install anchors to their FULL depth
A diagonal anchor tie is intended to resist
horizontal or shear forces, but may also
resist vertical, uplift and overturning forces
3285.401
81
Ground Anchors
Must be listed (listed means approved)
Steel coated with zinc to not less than 0.30
oz/ft2 of surface
Capable to resist a min ultimate load of 4750 lb
and a working load of 3150 lbs (check listing
labels)
82
Tie Down Straps
1 ¼ inch by 0.035 in or larger steel strapping
conforming to ASTM D 3953-97 standard
Capable to resist a min ultimate load of 4750 lb and a
working load of 3150 lbs (check listing labels) –
Same capacity as the anchors
Coated with zinc to not less than 0.30 oz/ft2 of surface
83
Tie Downs
Maximum spacing – see the tables
See drawings for near beam and second beam
methods
If sidewall or over the roof, mate-line or shear wall
straps are installed, they must be connected
Must be augured below the frost line unless the
foundation is a frost protected above frost line
system
84
Tie Down Tips
No long tails
Tension evenly or you might pull the home off
the supports
Determine if stabilizer plate is needed – See
anchor manufacturer instructions
Try locking clamp version
85
Tie Down Safety Issues
Locate Utilities
- abandoned electrical drops is a concern
- utility lineman’s gloves are recommended
- Testing for power on anchor before
connecting to home can be done using a
simple voltage checker
 $5.25 worth
of safety
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Image courtesy of
Lab Safety,
Janesville
86
On-site structures
Each expansion room or other on-site structure
must be able to support its own weight
including any garage unless pre-designed by
manufacturer, engineer or architect
Any addition must be designed by either the
home manufacturer, a registered engineer or
architect
87
88
Optional Equipment
Comfort systems (HVAC) must be installed by a
licensed HVAC contractor if not factory installed
Air conditioning equipment must be properly sized
All heat producing equipment must be properly vented
thru the skirting or exterior wall as appropriate
When not installed by home manufacturer, must be
installed according to the appliance manufacturer’s
instructions
89
90
Skirting
Must be weather resistant
Attached so no water is trapped
between siding and trim or forced
up into the wall cavity trim it is
attached to
All wood skirting within 6 inches of
the ground must be pressure
treated or be naturally resistant to
decay and termites – This would
include lumber and sheathing
extension if any of the wood is
less than 6 inches above the
ground
91
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93
94
95
Crawlspace Venting
NEW - One square foot for every 1,500 sq ft of floor
area – Important – Check with your manufacturer
before proceeding with reduced venting
Vent openings as high as practicable
Vents must located on at least two opposite sides of
home
Openings must be covered with a perforated corrosion
and weather resistant covering to prevent rodent
entry
96
97
Access Opening
Not less than 18 wide by 24 high and not less
than 3 sq ft
Must be located so that any utility connections
under the home are accessible
3285.505
98
99
Dryer vents, air conditioning, &
combustion air vents
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Must pass through skirting to the outside
This includes fireplace air inlets
100
Ductwork, Plumbing & Fuel
Supplies
Manufacturer must supply instructions for
proper field assembly
101
Water
When local water supply pressure exceeds 80 psi, a
pressure reducing value must be installed
An identified and accessible shutoff value must be
installed underneath or adjacent to the home
Crossovers and lines must be protected from
freezing
Only listed for MH heat tape is permitted
Water system must be inspected and tested for leaks
after completion at the site.
Disconnect water heater if test is air only
102
Piping support
Water lines supported every 3 feet
Drain lines supported every 4 feet – See 48
inch on center max - 3280.608
103
Gas Supply
Home design calls for system pressure of
10 to 14 inches of water column
pressure (0.036 psi)
104
Ductwork Crossovers
All ductwork connections must be sealed
Galvanized metal straps or tape and mastics listed to
UL 181 A or B must be used around duct collar
and secured tightly
Metal straps required metal sheet screws
Metal ducts must be fastened with at least 3
galvanized sheet metal screws equally spaced
around the collar
105
Ductwork
Max distance for duct supports is 4 feet
If straps are used they must be ½” wider than spacing
of spirals in flex duct
Arrange so that straps cannot slip between spirals and
to prevent kinking
Cannot contact ground
Listed for exterior use only
Crossovers outside the envelop must be insulated with
proper materials
In-floor or ceiling crossover connections must be sealed
to prevent air leakage
106
Subpart H - Electrical
Snap connections may or must be fastened to
adjacent stud – CHECK instructions
If a fixture is mounted on a combustible surface
a limited combustible or non-combustible
ring must be installed
Wires connected black to black, white to white
and ground to ground
Test all connections
107
Smoke Alarms
Additional shipped loose alarms for basement
set models are typically provided by the
manufacturer
They may be wired to communicate with
factory installed units at main floor
108
Exterior close-up
Manufacturers provide instructions for joining
sections. Pay particular attention to
directions on fasteners
The mate-line gasket must be installed
following manufacturer instructions
Exterior close up strips are trim that must be
fastened securely and sealed with an
exterior sealant
109
Before Sections are Secured
The poly sheeting used for transport must be
removed completely
110
Hinged roofs and eaves
May be subject to alternative construction
inspections if flue penetrations are above the
hinge
111
Gaps
UPON COMPLETION – no gaps are permitted between
structural elements
PRIOR TO COMPLETION – minor gaps not exceeding one
inch are permitted PROVIDED they are filed upon
completion
Fill gaps must be shimmed with dimensional lumber and
fastener lengths used to make connections must be
increased to provide adequate penetration into receiving
lumber.
Pay particular attention to end wall and floor completion
gaps – May have marriage wall sheathing in from end
wall ends
112
Close up
All shipping blocking, strapping or bracing must be
removed from appliances, window and doors.
At a minimum, shipped loose wall panels must be
installed using PVA adhesive on all framing
members and fastened with 1 inch long staples or
nails 6 inch on center panel edges and 12 inches
on center in the field unless manufacturer directs
other methods
113
Bottom Board
Bottom Board is an industry term for barrier installed by
the factory on the bottom of the floor system. It is for
rodent control.
Inspect for loosing or areas damaged by transport or
installation
Tears must be repaired
Any missing insulation must be replaced
Splits or tears must be resealed with tape or patches
P traps must be checked to be sure they are well
insulated and covered
All repaired edges must be taped or otherwise sealed
114
Access to site
The installer is responsible to ensure that
transportation routing is possible and permits
obtained
Effective 4/01/07 disturbed soil areas of 1 acre
or more at property site are subject to
permits and UDC erosion control regulations
(This also includes entire driveway areas!)
115
Gas appliances
Make sure orifices match the fuel supply
Inspect vents to make sure they were not
damaged in transit
116
Other UDC Issues to Watch
Site constructed elements subject to UDC
 Basement stairs

Exterior decks, stairs and railings
Garage attachments

Habitable basements
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
Egress windows for bedrooms
Heating calculations for entire envelop
117
Trouble spots-Basement Stairs
Maintain 6'-4" Headroom In
Required 3' Long Landing
Finished Stairwell Length (FSL)
Floor/Ceiling
Depth
Headroom
(Min. 6'-4")
Two Similar
Right
Triangles
Maintain
6'-4"
Headroom
In
Required
3' Long
Landing
Headroom + Floor/Ceiling Depth (HFCD)
Unit Rise
So to solve for FSL, FSL = Unit Run x HFCD
Unit Rise
Unit Rise
Max. 8"
Unit Run
Min. 9"
Finished Stairwell Length(FSL)
Unit Run
118
119
120
121
122
123
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“Structural Analysis” per Dept. of Comm.
Comm. 20.07 (Definitions.)
(73) “Structural Analysis” is a branch of the physical sciences which uses the principles
of mechanics in analyzing the impacts of loads and forces and their effect on the
physical properties of materials in the form of internal stress and strain.
Comm. 21.02 (Structural Analysis Standards.)
Structural analysis shall conform to the following nationally recognized
standards.
( c ) Concrete. Plain, reinforced or pre-stressed concrete construction shall conform to
the following standards:
·
1. ACI Standard 318, “Building Code Requirements for Reinforced Concrete”.
·
2. ACI Standard 318.1, “Building Code Requirements for Structural Plain Concrete”.
Comm. 21.16 (Frost Penetration.)
·
·
(2) Exceptions. (a) Floating slabs constructed on grade need not be installed
below the minimum frost penetration line provided measures have been taken to
prevent frost forces from damaging the structure.
Also, ( c ) Stoops or ramps need not be installed below the minimum frost
penetration level provided measures are taken to prevent frost forces from damaging
125
the structure.
Class Verification Certificate
Continuing Education = 8425
Password is ……
If password is not on the form it won’t be
processed by the state.
126