Transcript Document

Donor Meeting: “Payment for
Ecosystem Services in Central Asia”
The Regional
Environmental Center for
Central Asia - CAREC
December 9th, 2011
Almaty
Strategic steps to promoting PES
in Central Asia
Mariya Genina, CAREC
9 December 2011
• Urgency
• Background
• Definitions
• Strategic vision and objectives
• Priority actions
URGENCY
Worldwide
• “…About 60% of the world’s ecosystem services are
being degraded or used unsustainably.
• …By 1995, only 17% of the world’s land area had
escaped direct influence by humans.
Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (2005)
In Central Asia
High economic dependence on ecosystem services;
Further degradation of ecosystems despite regulations;
Lack of funding for ecosystem protection
Enabling changes in legislations for new economic
instruments; emerging governance structures (WUAs,
RBCs); pilot initiatives
BACKGROUND
• 1970s – linking economic growth with pressure on
ecosystems
• Since 1980s, UNEP - from “polluter pays” to “beneficiarypays” principle.
• 2007 – Global Ministerial Environmental Forum called
UNEP to provide “guidance and support to governmental on
the payment for ecosystem services.”
• ES and PES in: UN Conventions on Biodiversity, Climate
Change, Combating desertification, and UNECE Water
Convention
• MCED6 - Astana 2010 and EfE7 - Astana 2011 have
recognized and recommended PES
DEFINITIONS
Payment for ecosystem services (PES)
PES – contractual transaction between buyer
and seller for an ecosystem service or land
use/management practice likely to secure
that service.
Payments can be: Monetary; In-kind; Service, Reward
Buyers can be:
Sellers can be:
Private companies; Government
Public Utilities; Individuals
Transport companies; NGOs
Landowners; National parks
Associations and groups
Example of PES scheme in Vietnam
ES providers upstream
• 3 400 households with low
incomes; protecting104
thousand ha of forest
500$ per
household;
Micro
Hydros
ES receivers downstream:
Regulating water
regime; soil
conservation;
landscape beauty.
2 Hydroelectric stations, 1
water supply company, and
1 tourist company.
Regulation, compensation or reward?
Public policy context
Actor position
Minimum acceptable
behaviour and its effect
on ES is set by regulation
RED
Baseline of ‘business
as usual’ under
current driver
conditions
Unacceptable
environmental
degradation
Amber
Current practice and
‘rights to pollute’
CES1:
Polluter pays
- Penalties
compensation for
- Compensation
damage inflicted
for damage
CES2a: Tradable pollution
and- ES-use
rightsfee
as
Emission
‘offsets'
- Use fee
- Tradable
CES2b: Tradable pollution
quotas
and ES-use
rights bought
for conservation sake
Green
Maintenance and
enhancement of ES
(van Noordwijk et al 2006)
• Environmental Code
• Forest Code
Trend • Mechanism
Water Code
• Land Code
o Planning,
RES1:
Rewards forfunding,
ES
enhancement
through
incentive
for
‘stewardship’
rehabilitation &
RES2: Rewards for ES
protection
maintenance (avoided
o Zhasyl by
Damu
(?)
degradation)
guardians
STRATEGIC VISION
2012-2016
Core principles
PARTNERSHIP
knowledge + action; regional + international
MULTISTAKEHOLDER approach
dialogues + discussions
BUILD ON
not starting PES from scratch
Vision
The governments, civil society, business and local
population of Central Asia acknowledge
Payment for Ecosystem Services as a working
tool for ecosystem conservation at the local and
national levels.
Goal
To improve the effectiveness and sustainability of
ecosystem conservation in Central Asia by promoting
Payments for Ecosystem Services.
Objectives
1. To further raise awareness on ES and PES
2. To generate experience on PES at the local level
3. To facilitate the development of national policies and
regulations on PES
PRIORITY ACTIONS
(2012-2016)
AWARENESS
EXPERIENCE
POLICIES
We thank our partners and donors
International
National and local
•
•
•
SGP GEF (Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan)
• Ministry of Agriculture and Rural
Development of Vietnam
• UN REDD program in Vietnam
National Institute of Economy of Mexico
Kyrgyzstan
• Pasture Department
of the Ministry of Agriculture
• Issyk Kul Biosphere Territory
• Issyk Kul Oblast Administration
• Leshoz of Issyk Kul rayon
Sadyr Ake and Temirovka Ayl Okmetu
• Association of Water Users
• Pasture committees
Kazakhstan
Local NGOs and local governments
Objective 1. Awareness
TOMORROW
TODAY
Communities
Governments
Businesses
NGOs
International
organizations
General awareness on PES concept at the local level and partially at the
national level in Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan.
To organize a set of international study tours for all stakeholder
groups to demonstrate the best practices on PES
To publish and distribute outreach materials, e.g. guides, manuals,
leaflets and brochures on PES and ecosystem services
To strengthen the through side events, global and regional
knowledge networking international networks, Central Asian PES
Network and expertise exchange
To prepare policy briefs on PES benefits and opportunities for the
governments of CA
To agree on the terminology - co-investment/rewards/partnership
To continue with trainings and ToTs on PES
Objective 2. Experience
TODAY
Watersheds
Forests
Biodiversity
Grazing
Moderate interest among NGOs and businesses in practically introducing
PES in Central Asia. Experience and signed first PES contract in Chon
Aksu river basin, Kyrgyzstan.
TOMORROW
To continue the pilot project on PES in Chon Asku watershed,
Kyrgyzstan – implementation and monitoring, introducing REDD+,
further involving Biosphere reserve
To develop and implement the new pilot projects in Central Asia to
diversify and spread the experience on various contract conditions,
payment types, scheme designs, sustainability and potential benefits
To conduct further pilot research and assessments on various PES
schemes depending on land tenure, economic valuation of
ecosystem services, enabling policies needed, etc.
TOMORROW
TODAY
Objective 3. National policies
Moderate awareness of the environmental ministries in Kazakhstan and
Kyrgyzstan on PES and its opportunities; 2 feasibility assessments; some
interest in continuing to explore PES opportunities and details
To develop short policy briefs on PES opportunities and potential
benefits for the governments of CA
To facilitate discussions aiming to reach an appropriate agreement
on possible national policy on PES or legislative amendments
To conduct multistakeholder national and regional dialogues on PES
To facilitate various possible roles of the government in PES
schemes – pilot projects
To provide practical synthesized knowledge from international
experience on PES
To promote pluralistic approach to environmental management
(‘sticks’, ‘carrots’ and norms)
Sources:
• Leimona Beria presentation, RUPES coordinator
(8 Sept 2011, Astana)
• Miroshnichenko A. presentation (8 Sept 2011,
Astana)
• Sibylle Vermont presentation, FOEN, (21 Sept 2011,
Astana)
• Perelet R.A. presentation (3-4 May 2011, Astana)
• National expert assessments on PES in Kazakhstan
(Nugumanova L. and Kaliaskarova Z. 2011)
• Leimona Beria (2011) Brief scoping study on PES in
Kazakhstan
We are looking forward to the
fruitful cooperation on PES
in Central Asia!