Transcript Transportation Demand Management for Colleges

Transportation Demand
Management for Colleges,
Universities and Municipalities
Mid-South Transportation and
Parking Association
March 20, 2007
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Overview
• Introduction to ACT
• Introduction to TDM
• University Applications
• Parking & TDM
• Building a Dialogue
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Introduction to ACT
• Association for Commuter Transportation
• ACT supports individual transportation
demand management professionals and
organizational members in their efforts to
reduce traffic congestion, enhance
mobility, improve air quality, and conserve
energy.
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ACT Resources
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ACT International Conference
Chapter/Regional Events
TDM Review (quarterly journal)
TDM eReview (biweekly e-mail)
Online members-only directory
NetConferences
Professional development seminars
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ACT Chapters
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Cascades
Chesapeake
Great Lakes
Lone Star
Mid-Atlantic
Midwest
Northern California
• Northern California –
Inland
• Patriot
• Rocky Mountain
• South East (SEACT)
• Southern California
• Valley of the Sun
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ACT Councils
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511 Council
Employer Council - Coming Soon!
HOV/HOT Council
Public Policy Council
Telework Council
TMA Council
University Council
Vanpool Council
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ACT University Council Members
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California Poly State University San Luis Obispo
California State University Dominguez Hills
California State University Eastbay
California State University Northridge
California State University - San
Marcos
Center for Urban Transportation
Research (USF)
Clayton State University
Cornell University
Embry-Riddle Aeronautical
University
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George Mason University
Georgia Institute of Technology
UCLA
UNC Asheville
University of California - Riverside
University of Chicago
University of New Mexico
University of Southern California
Vanderbilt University
Virginia Tech
(25 campuses)
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Public Policy
• ACT was instrumental in educating
Congress about need for tax-free
commute benefit (transit/vanpool).
• Parking parity issue
• Engaged in 2005 passage of SAFETEALU: Safe, Accountable, Flexible, Efficient
Transportation Equity Act: A Legacy for
Users. (http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/safetealu/index.htm)
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Introduction to TDM
• Transportation demand management
• History: “What if…?”
– Gas lines/prices > air quality > congestion
• Transportation: Less or more?
– More mobility…few problems
– Multi-modal focus
– Redefine ‘supply’…not just highways
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Demand vs. Choice
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What Kind of Choice?
• More choice
• Easy choice
• Convenient choice
• Affordable choice
• Positive experience
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“Ahhh…”
• Oasis experience
• Refreshed…rejuvenated…or just relieved
• Operational choices affect experience
– Starbucks barista vs computer tech support
– Bus always on-time?
– Vanpool driver competent & pleasant?
– Parking attendant welcoming & helpful?
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Mobility Options
• Public transportation
– bus (local, express, BRT)
– rail (heavy, light, mono)
• Private buses
(coaches)
• Vanpools
(15-passenger or mini-vans)
• Circulators
(rail, bus, shuttle, tram, van)
• Carpools
• Bicycles
– rider-owned
– loaner/donor
• Walking
• Car sharing
– Flexcar
– Zipcar
• Telework
– home-based
– remote work center
– formal or informal
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Supportive Strategies
• Infrastructure
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HOV lanes
HOV off-ramps
HOT lanes
Preferential parking
Broadband
Transit-oriented
development
• Policies
– Flextime & flexplace
– Commute benefits
• Transit/vanpool fare
media ($110/mo)
• Pre-tax purchase
– Parking
• Charge for parking
• Equal treatment
– GRH/ERH
– Land use
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Shifting Role
“Instead of just
selling parking,
we have to
get into mobility.”
Brian Shaw
Director of Campus Transportation & Parking Services
University of Chicago
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Comparing Costs
Storing Vehicles...
Debt service + operating costs
~ $30,000/space?
Plus…opportunity cost of land
…more expensive than
facilitating movement of people.
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Can We Deliver Choices?
• Many employers do it everyday:
– Stanford
– Harvard
– University of Michigan
• See more examples via U.S. EPA’s Best
Workplaces for Commuters (www.bwc.com)
– Colleges/Universities
– Municipalities
– Companies
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BWC Campus Highlights
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U.S. EPA recognized 72 institutions of higher education in 26 states via its
2006 list of Best Workplaces for Commuters from colleges and universities.
568,000+ employees receive an excellent package of commuter benefits
from these innovative colleges and universities. Annually, these employees:
– Save 30 million gallons of gasoline
– Reduce 616 million miles of driving
– Save $86 million spent on gasoline (based on average of $2.92/gal for week of
May 2006; Source: Energy Information Administration)
– Reduce 260,000 metric tons of the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide (CO2)
equivalent to:
• Over 50,000 passenger cars not driven for one year
• Over 700,000 barrels of oil
• Providing 33,000 households with electricity for one year
– Reduce 370 short tons of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) precursors to
ozone commonly referred to as smog
– Reduce 700 short tons of NOX and reduce 7,750 short tons of CO
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Campus Example: Stanford
2002
• Drive alone: 72%
• Train: 4%
2006
• Drive-alone: 55%
• Train: 15%
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Stanford - continued
• Free train fare for eligible employees
• SU buys for all 9000+ eligible faculty/staff. Costs
$100/person, but real cost closer to $600/person
since train ridership averages about 1,500.
• ‘We’d rather spend that than $1500$2000/employee per year in debt service on a
parking structure space. We’re spending to get
them out of their cars vs spending on keeping
them in their cars.’ - Brodie Hamilton, Director
• Has about 8 or 9 vanpools.
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Stanford - continued
• Growth plan between Stanford and Santa Clara County (started Jan.
2001)
– No net commute trips during peak hour
– Limited number of net parking spaces
• 23,000 parking spaces on campus: “We don’t fill up everyday, but
we want to be good custodians of that space. We don’t want to build
unnecessarily. Eventually available space will become more of an
issue.” -Brodie Hamilton
• Approx. 26,500 people (11,500 students + 8,000 hospital employees
+ 11,000 faculty/staff)
• Implemented incentive programs so people won’t leave campus
during peak commute times.
• Shuttles take them to shopping areas, etc., for errands.
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Stanford - continued
• Parking and TDM operation “under same umbrella” so
staff not working at odds.
• Staff understands joint mission and goals, so usually no
conflict over goals or revenue.
• As our TDM program expands it reduces the number of
people buying parking permits. Have seen a drop in
parking revenue. We have to adjust our rates to deal with that.
• “The fact that we charge for parking is very helpful, because
free parking makes sale of TDM options even more difficult.”
• Contact: Brodie Hamilton, Director for Parking Transportation
Services (650-723-5815)
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Stanford - continued
Sustainable funding:
• New building projects on campus taxed to help pay for the impact.
• 4.6% fee assessed on total cost of project to support total campus
infrastructure.
• If project creating net new square footage, there’s an $75/square
foot additional assessment.
• “A lot of campuses approach TDM half-heartedly, but if they have to
accomplish certain things then they have to get more serious in how
they establish and pay for these programs on an ongoing basis.”
• Stanford doesn’t pay debt service out of its parking permit fees, so
the permit fee typically goes toward operations.
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Stanford’s Success Tips
• Support: “Need understanding, appreciation and support at highest
levels for what you want to accomplish.”
• Funding: “Identify what could be sustainable funding sources.
Stanford’s is rare but effective. You don’t want to worry year to year
how you’re going to pull this off. You need a funding mechanism that
allows you to be creative and offer the resources and programs to
meet your goals.”
• Leverage: “Don’t recreate the wheel. Analyze the resources
available in your area. Try to avoid competing with providers. We
relied on existing transit and train services.”
• Promote: “Marketing and outreach can’t be emphasized enough.”
Has a 2-year comprehensive marketing plan that’s developed and
refined on an ongoing basis, reviewed annually.
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Campus Example: Harvard
• Comprehensive ‘Commuter Choice’
Program
• Century-long transit culture
– Only 17% drive alone
– About 1/3 use public transportation
– Almost half the employees live within 3 miles,
which helps bicycling & walking.
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Harvard - continued
• Subsidize transit passes by 50%
• A rapid transit line comes right to the heart
of campus.
• Little parking available at campus core.
• No vanpools (schedule challenges and
relatively short commutes)
• Emergency ride home
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Harvard - continued
• Intra-campus mobility:
– Zipcar
– Free shuttles
– Bicycle program (Departments can order a
free bike, which gets labeled with dept’s
name…comes with helmet, lock, etc.)
• One-day permit
– Can pay and download online
– Good back up when car really needed
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Harvard - continued
• Carpooling Challenges
– Shift worker best candidate
– Rigid rules: Must carpool w/another Harvard
employee 5 days/week to qualify for discount.
– Parking enforcement is awkward
• Attendant looks for ‘carpool’ hang tag
• Driver might have dropped off partner…
…or might be untruthful about carpool status.
• Not every lot/garage is staffed.
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Harvard - continued
• Parking staff about 50 people
– Most are parking monitors
– Two dedicated to Commuter Choice program
since it started in 2000.
• Contact: Holly Parker 617-496-5354
• http://www.commuterchoice.harvard.edu/
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Harvard’s Success Tips
• Know the culture of your employees and
students to understand what kinds of
incentives will work...what will really
encourage them.
• Know where your employees live.
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Campus Example: U-Michigan
• Public transportation via Ann Arbor
Transportation Authority (AATA)
• University-operated extensive shuttle
system
• Vanpooling
• Zipcar (6 cars on campus)
• Bicycling
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U-Michigan - continued
• AATA
– All students/faculty/staff can show campus ID and ride
for free. 5-year, $1.8 million/yr deal began Aug 2004.
– U-M riders make up 40 percent of AATA’s ridership.
– Ridership has increased 33% in last 3 years.
• U-M Transit/Shuttles
– 6 regular routes Mon-Fri
– 4 medical center routes
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U-Michigan - continued
• WAVE Community Connector
– Chelsea Area Transportation System bus
discounts $1.50 per ride for faculty, staff,
students between Chelsea/Dexter/Ann Arbor.
• Special Services
– AATA after-hours shared-ride taxi service
– Free emergency ride home via taxi
– Scheduled para-transit, plus S.A.F.E.WALK
/Night Van campus accompaniment service
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U-Michigan - continued
• Late 1970s: U-M starts vanpool program with 16 university-owned
vans. Eligible faculty and staff paid monthly fee. Vanpools got free,
reserved parking near workplace entrance, plus GRH eligibility.
• 2001: U-M made vanpooling free.
• 2003: U-M partners with MichiVan (operated by VPSI), providing
mini-vans owned, maintained, insured and managed by VPSI.
• Participation tripled.
• Vanpoolers buy own gas; driver must gain MichiVan approval.
• Currently saves 370 parking spaces/day.
• “U-M looks at it as saving $30,000 per parking space, because if we
had to park that many vehicles we would need a new structure.”
-Keith Johnson, Assistant Director, Parking & Transportation
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U-Michigan - continued
• Result = Big Savings
– “By offering a comprehensive commuter benefits
program, including exemplary transit benefits, the
University has avoided building more than 1,300
parking spaces alone, saving nearly $17 million in
new parking construction expenses.”
• Contacts
– Keith Johnson (734-764-3427; [email protected])
and Brian Pawlowski (734-764-1100)
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Launching TDM Programs
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Know your culture and appropriate options
Determine cost/benefit for your facility
Educate your audiences
Get support of top decision makers
Set realistic, measurable goals
Plan & implement strong marketing
Track, evaluate, refine
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TDM in Transition?
• Vital niche
• Competing for funds
• USDOT commission
• Challenge of climate change
• New thinking…new partnerships
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Separated at Birth?
• Old: parking versus TDM
• New: parking and TDM together
• Explore opportunities to collaborate
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Building a Dialogue
• Participate via
membership
• Participate via ACT
International
Conference
• Mark Wright
[email protected]
202-712-9050
www.actweb.org
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