Transcript ESS January 9th - Environmental Systems and Societies

Term
Meaning
1. Population pyramid
A graph which shows the age and sex structure of a country or area
2. Crude birth rate (CBR)
The number of babies born each year for every 1000 people in the
country
3. Crude death rate (CDR) The number of deaths each year for every 1000 people in that
country
4. Fertility rate
The number of births for every 1000 women of childbearing age
5. Doubling time
The length of time in years it takes for the population to double
6. Natural increase
The difference between the crude birth rate and the crude death
rate (CBR – CDR) /10 (divided by 10 to give a %)
7. Demographic
transition model (DTM)
A graph which shows changes in CBR, CDR and total population over
time
8. Life expectancy (LE)
The number of years a person is expected to live to, on average
9. Infant mortality rate
(IMR)
The number of babies that die before their 1st birthday, out of every
1000 babies born in a year
10. Exponential growth
Where the rate of growth increases as time goes on (i.e. a graph has
a curved line not a straight one)
11. Limiting factors
Things in the environment that reduce or stop population growth
3.1 Population (use this ppt and the double-sided
population worksheet) use your testbook too!
You need to know:
3.1.1: Exponential growth
3.1.2: Population change and how to measure these
things
CBR
CDR
Fertility
Doubling time
Natural increase
3.1.3: The DTM and population pyramids
How has the world’s population changed over time?
Billion people
Year
1
1804
2
1927
3
1960
4
1974
5
1987
6
1999
7
2011
Draw a very quick line graph to show this information.
1. How many years did it take the world’s population to increase from 1 billion to 2
billion? 123 years
2. 2 billion to 3 billion? 33 years
3. 3 billion to 4 billion? 14 years
4. 4 billion to 5 billion? 13 years
5. 5 billion to 6 billion? 12 years
6. 6 billion to 7 billion? 12 years
7. What is your estimate for the number of years to increase from 7 billion to 8 billion? 12
years
8. What was the doubling time for 1 to 2 billion and 2 to 4 billion?
9. What evidence is there in the graph above that the world’s population growth may slow
down?
The evidence is that at the very top the red part starts to curve instead of go straight up
which means that the population will start to even out and maybe in the far future,
decrease and the time to add a billion increases to 26 yrs from 8 to 9 billion people.
10. In which 50 years did most growth take place? 1950 - 2000
11. Is most of the growth in MEDCs or LEDCs? LEDCs
12. True/false: The rate of population growth has been increasing with
time.
Why has there been a population explosion?
There has been a population explosion which mainly took place
at the turn of the industrial revolution, when technology was
improved, new medicine was discovered as well as other
things like improved health conditions. This meant children
survived rather than dying in infancy. It also meant people
lived to be much older and so these two things contributed to
a population increase.
The Philippines: population information
Population:
100M
Density: 300
/km2
0-14: 35%
There are 100M in The P. and in every square kilometre of land there are,
on average, 300/km2 people. It is a problem when a country is densely
populated because there aren’t enough resources for everyone.
15-64: 61%
Nearly 2/3 of the population are working age. These people ‘provide’ for
the 61% and 15 - 64 the by having jobs and paying taxes.
There are not many old people in The P because only 4% of the
population is >65. People may die young because of lack of good health
care or lack of education.
>65: 4%
Population
growth: 1.9%
This means 35% of all of the people in The P. are under 15. It means the
government needs to provide lots of 0-14.
This means that every year the population of The P. grows by 1.9%. This
adds approximately 1.9% people to the country each year. This is a
problem because a lot of extra things need to be provided for the people.
Birth rate:
25/1000/yr
This means that if there were only 1000 people in The P. 25 would
be born each year. However there are 101,833,938 (July 2011
est.)people in The P. which means 25/1000/yr. babies are born
every year.
Infant
This means that out of every 1000 babies born 19/1000 die before
mortality
they are 1. This is high. It may be because of bad medical care or
rate: 19/1000 doctors who are not fit to be doctors and only have minimum
experience. 78,333,798
Life
expectancy:
72 years
Net
migration: 1.3%
This means, on average, people live till 72 years.
This means each year 1.3% of the population leave The P. That
means 1,323,841 migrate and or leave. This may be because there
isn’t enough work here and they need a job or they aren’t being
paid well enough so they leave to a country that will pay better or it
could also be they just want the experience. It is a problem because
the people that leave are often the working class and young people
which are the “hope” for the Philippines.
Big understanding:
What are the population issues facing
The Philippines? (8 marks)
The population issues the Philippines is mainly facing is the fact that the poorer people
of the Philippines which is a very large portion of the nation’s population, are having
many kids not realizing the consequences of their actions until it’s too late. The
Philippines doesn’t have the money or really the government doesn’t find it necessary
to try and solve this issue, even issuing a RH Bill which is against contraception which is
one of the important things the Philippines needs in order to slow down the rapid
growth in population of the Philippines. As well, with a rapidly growing population the
resources of the Philippines is dwindling, it will be impossible for them to sustain
everyone in the country, even at the point they are in now 33% of the population is
below the poverty line having families the size of a soccer team who they cannot
provide for because they either don’t have well paying jobs or they don’t have a job at
all due to the lack of education.
COUNTRY
Generally
Total population
0-14
Low = good
LEDC: South Africa
MEDC: Finland
Philippines
49,004,031 (July 2011 est.)
5,259,250 (July 2011 est.)
101,833,938
28.5%
16%
65.8%
66.1%
65 +
High = good
5.7%
17.8%
Median age
High = good
25 years
42.5 years
34.6% (male 17,999,279/female
17,285,040)
61.1% (male 31,103,967/female
31,097,203)
4.3% (male 1,876,805/female
2,471,644)
22.9 years
Population growth rate
Low = good
-0.38% (2011 est.)
0.075% (2011 est.)
1.903%
Birth rate
Low = good
19.48 births/1,000 population
(2011 est.)
17.09 deaths/1,000 population
10.37 births/1,000 population
25.34 births/1,000 population
10.24 deaths/1,000 population
5.02 deaths/1,000 population
2.39
0.13
20.32
Migration (+ means into the country, means out of the country)
-6.19 migrant(s)/1,000
population
0.62 migrant(s)/1,000
population
-1.29 migrant(s)/1,000
population
% living in cities
62% of total population
49% of total population
71.66 years
15-64
Death rate
Natural increase (BR-DR)
Low = good
Infant mortality
Low = good
43.2 deaths/1,000 live births
85% of total population (as of
2010)
3.43 deaths/1,000 live births
Life expectancy
High = good
49.33 years
79.27 years
19.34 deaths/1,000 live births
The Philippines: sex and religion
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Manila is fast growing / slow growing.
What products can be bought at the stall? What are they used for?
How many illegal abortions take place each year?
What is one side effect of these abortions?
Why do people blame the church for The Philippines’ population
growth?
6. Are contraceptives given out by public health clinics?
7. Out of all the pregnant women in Manila, what proportion of the
women wanted to get pregnant?
8. How large is the family in the film? What are the knock-on effects of
this large family size on living space, poverty and education?
9. What is the RH bill?
10. Why is their a debate about it?
11. What reasons were given for having a large population?
12. What are your reasons slowing down the population growth?
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1. fast growing
2. catholic icons, amulets, lucky charms, regala (abortion drink = illegal)
3. Half and million
4. 8000 women died from abortion
5. Because they have
6. Banned from administering contraceptives
7. Half of the pregnancies are unplanned
8. 11 children in the family, not all kids can go to school, 7 of the kids have to work.
9. It's a bill for contraceptives, for sex education, for abortion.
10. Because there are so many things on one bill and some are debatable such as
abortion and contraceptives.
11. The more people in the country the better the economy, more people to work.
12. I would like the growth to slow down because the Philippines isn’t capable of
holding that many people who are in poverty who are the main reason for the
population growth.
DTM
STAGE 1: Zambia
STAGE 2: Egypt
STAGE 3: Brazil
STAGE 4: Japan
STAGE 5: Germany
Doubling time
• The number of years it would take a population to
double its size at its current growth rate.
• A natural increase of 1% will allow a population to
double in 70 years.
• Other doubling times can be calculated
proportionally i.e:
Doubling time =
70
natural increase rate
Fertility
The potential for reproduction exhibited in a
population:
1. Fertility Rate - the no. of births per 1000 women of
child bearing age.
2. Total Fertility – the average number of children a
woman has in her life-time
Natural Increase rate (%)=
crude birth rate – crude death rate
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