Transcript ESS January 9th - Environmental Systems and Societies

World population clock
7 billion
ESS
January 9th
Cycles test/IAs – see me during tutorial
Tuesday Thursday Friday –
Field trip forms and money
Field trip – Mangroves and Population
This term – any work may be assessed
The course
Topic 1:
Systems and models
Topic 2:
The ecosystem (2.6 and 2.7 to do)
Topic 3:
Human population, carrying capacity and resource use
Human population, carrying capacity
and resource use
3.1 Population dynamics
3.1.1: Exponential growth
3.1.2: Population change
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CBR
CDR
Fertility
Doubling time
Natural increase
3.1.3: The DTM and population pyramids
3.1.4: Models to predict population growth
Term
1. Population pyramid
2. Crude birth rate (CBR)
3. Crude death rate (CDR)
4. Fertility rate
5. Doubling time
6. Natural increase
7. Demographic
transition model (DTM)
8. Life expectancy (LE)
9. Infant mortality rate
(IMR)
10. Exponential growth
11. Limiting factors
12. Total fertility rate
Meaning
The number of years a person is expected to live to, on average
A graph which shows the age and sex structure of a country or area
The length of time in years it takes for the population to double
The number of deaths each year for every 1000 people in that country
st
The number of babies that die before their 1 birthday, out of every 1000 babies born in a year
The total number of children a woman has over her lifetime
Things in the environment that reduce or stop population growth
The number of babies born each year for every 1000 people in the country
A graph which shows changes in CBR, CDR and total population over time
Where the rate of growth increases as time goes on (i.e. a graph has a curved line not a straight one)
The number of births for every 1000 women of childbearing age
The maximum number of people an area can support sustainably
The difference between the crude birth rate and the crude death rate (CBR – CDR) /10
10 to give a %)
(divided by
1. Population pyramid
A graph which shows the age and sex structure of a country or area
2. Crude birth rate (CBR)
The number of babies born each year for every 1000 people in the
country
3. Crude death rate
(CDR)
The number of deaths each year for every 1000 people in that
country
4. Fertility rate
The number of births for every 1000 women of childbearing age
5. Doubling time
The length of time in years it takes for the population to double
6. Natural increase
The difference between the crude birth rate and the crude death
rate (CBR – CDR) /10 (divided by 10 to give a %)
7. Demographic
transition model (DTM)
A graph which shows changes in CBR, CDR and total population over
time
8. Life expectancy (LE)
The number of years a person is expected to live to, on average
9. Infant mortality rate
(IMR)
The number of babies that die before their 1st birthday, out of every
1000 babies born in a year
10. Exponential growth
Where the rate of growth increases as time goes on (i.e. a graph has
a curved line not a straight one)
11. Limiting factors
Things in the environment that reduce or stop population growth
12. Total fertility rate
The total number of children a woman has over her lifetime
13. Carrying capacity
The maximum number of people an area can support sustainably
If the world were a village
How has the world’s population changed over time?
Billion people
Year
1
1804
2
1927
3
1960
4
1974
5
1987
6
1999
7
2011
Draw a very quick line graph to show this information.
1. How many years did it take the world’s population to increase from 1 billion to 2
billion?
2. 2 billion to 3 billion?
3. 3 billion to 4 billion?
4. 4 billion to 5 billion?
5. 5 billion to 6 billion?
6. 6 billion to 7 billion?
7. What is your estimate for the number of years to increase from 7 billion to 8 billion?
8. What was the doubling time for 1 to 2 billion and 2 to 4 billion?
9. What evidence is there in the graph above that the world’s population
growth may slow down?
10. In which 50 years did most growth take place?
11. Is most of the growth in MEDCs or LEDCs?
12. True/false: The rate of population growth has been increasing with
time.
Why has there been a population explosion?
Why has there been a population
explosion?
Birth rate
Death rate
If the BR is greater than the DR we have population growth
(natural increase).
The Demographic Transition Model
• Each take one sheet – High BR, High DR, Low
BR, Low DR – use these to complete the
following table.
Die young: High death rate
Live to be older: Low death rate
Lots of children: High birth rate
Few children: Low birth rate
Demographic Transition Model
• Many more houses are being built
•
Deepta aged 9 works on a farm instead
of going to school
• The Public Health Inspector smiles as
the building of the new sewers are
completed
•
Parents start to think more about
family planning
• Fewer people share a bedroom
•
Shakira has 7 brothers and sisters
• Grandparents are rare
•
There are more Golden Weddings
• People are encouraged to migrate to
other countries to find employment
•
A mother sobs over the grave of the
last of her 6 children who died in a
typhoid epidemic
• Cheryl is promoted to Manager of the
bank where she works.
•
A new highway has just been built
connecting 2 towns to the port
The Philippines: population information
Population:
100M
Density: 300
/km2
0-14: 35%
There are ……………………. in The P. and in every square kilometre of land
there are, on average, ………. people. It is a problem when a country is
densely populated because…
15-64: 61%
Nearly 2/3 of the population are working age. These people ‘provide’ for
the ……………………. and the ……………….. by having jobs and paying taxes.
There are not many / many old people in The P. People may die young
because….
>65: 4%
Population
growth: 1.9%
This means …………. of all of the people in The P. are under 15. It means
the government needs to provide lots of…
This means that every year the population of The P. grows by 1.9%. This
adds approximately ………………..……. people to the country each year. This
is a problem because…
Birth rate:
25/1000/yr
This means that if there were only 1000 people in The P. 25 would
be born each year. However there are ……………………………… people
in The P. which means ……………………. babies are born every year.
Infant
This means that out of every 1000 babies born …….. die before they
mortality
are 1. This is high. It may be because…
rate: 19/1000
Life
expectancy:
72 years
Net
migration: 1.3%
This means, on average, people…
This means each year 1.3% of the population leave The P. That
means ………………………… people leave. This may be because…
It is a problem because the people that leave are often…
Big understanding:
What are the population issues facing
The Philippines? (8 marks)
The Philippines
Use the CIA website to find out about three countries’
population data. LEDC / MEDC / Philippines
Fill in your answers on the worksheet that follows –
round all figures off to a sensible number
COUNTRY
Total population
0-14
15-64
65 +
Median age
Population growth
rate
Birth rate
Death rate
Natural increase (BRDR)
Migration (+ means
into the country, means out of the
country)
% living in cities
Infant mortality
Life expectancy
Generally
Low = good
High = good
High = good
Low = good
Low = good
Low = good
Low = good
High = good
LEDC:
MEDC:
Philippines
At the end: colour code: dark red for worst,
green for best, orange/yellow for middle
The Philippines:
watch the youtube clip “Sex and Religion”
Questions to follow
The Philippines: sex and religion
1. Manila is fast growing / slow growing.
2. What products can be bought at the stall? What are they
used for?
3. How many illegal abortions take place each year?
4. What is one side effect of these abortions?
5. Why do people blame the church for The Philippines’
population growth?
6. Are contraceptives given out by public health clinics?
7. Out of all the pregnant women in Manila, what proportion
of the women wanted to get pregnant?
8. How large is the family in the film? What are the knock-on
effects of this large family size on living space, poverty and
education?
IA: Population issues in The Philippines
1. How old are you?
2. How many children have you had?
3. Have any of your children not survived?
4. How children do you want to have in total?
5. What is your total monthly family income?
6. How many children did your parents have?
7. Area: Batangas / Manila
Choose your title:
How have birth rates changed over time in The Philippines?
Is there a difference in birth rates between rural and urban areas in The
Philippines?
Is there a correlation between birth rates and income levels in The
Philippines?
Is there a correlation between infant mortality rates and wealth in The
Philippines?
Are IMR affected by whether you live in a rural or an urban area?
Get questionning…
16 people AB – 3 each pair in Manila, 3 again in Batangas
17 people EH – as above
Aim: 50 in each area
Give all questionnaires to Karenina
Recording data: for ABs class: Reggie and Karenina
for EHs class:
? Abortion in The Philippines
• Watch first