Transcript FossilPlot 1.1 User's Primer

version 1.1
A User’s Primer
Free software downloads available at
http://geology.isu.edu/FossilPlot/
© Tapanila, 2006
The Database
• John J. Sepkoski Jr. (University of Chicago)
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Database of ~36,000 genera
Lists taxonomy and stratigraphic ranges
Marine animals only
Limitations:
• Few soft-bodied animals
• No plants, algae, fungi, bacteria
• No terrestrial animals
– Used for recognizing evolutionary patterns
Paleography
Stratigraphic Ranges
Origination
FAD
First
Appearance
Datum
Paleography
Stratigraphic Ranges
Range
Extinction
Origination
LAD Last
Appearance
Datum
FAD
First
Appearance
Datum
Paleography
What was Triassic diversity?
Paleography
What was Triassic diversity?
Diversity = 5 genera
Paleography
How many Triassic originations?
Paleography
How many Triassic originations?
Originations = 2 genera
Paleography
How many Triassic extinctions?
Paleography
How many Triassic extinctions?
Extinctions = 1 genus
Paleography
Relative and Absolute time
Relative
Time Interval
Example
Absolute
Time Interval
• Period
Cretaceous1
45.5 – 65.5 Ma
Late Cretaceous
99.6 – 65.5 Ma
Maastrichtian
70.6 – 65.5 Ma
– Epoch
• Age
What this program does…
• For any marine group...
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Graph its stratigraphic range
Graph diversity through time
Graph originations through time
Graph extinctions through time
Paleography
Stratigraphic Ranges
Paleography
Diversity
• FossilPlot calculates
standing diversity as…
– the total number of
genera that occur within
a particular time interval
Triassic through Recent bryozoans
Paleography
Originations
• FossilPlot calculates
originations as…
– the total number of
genera that first appear
during a particular time
interval, i.e. by counting
FADs
Triassic through Recent bryozoans
Paleography
Extinctions
• FossilPlot calculates
extinctions as…
– the total number of
genera that last appear
during a particular time
interval, i.e. by counting
LADs
Triassic through Recent bryozoans
Speciation
Sample 1: Plot the Bryozoans
Speciation
Get your data
Select and copy group
from Compendium
Speciation
Transfer the data
A8
Copy/Paste group in
&Data at Cell A8
Speciation
Remove pre-existing data
Remove any extra
unwanted genera at
the end of your list
by…
Speciation
Remove pre-existing data
Highlighting the
unwanted genera
and…
Speciation
Remove pre-existing data
Press the Delete key
on the keyboard.
Do not use the
Edit/Delete function!
Speciation
Look at the Range chart
Compendium taxa
are arranged alphabetically. Get a better
display by…
Speciation
Organize your data: before
Sorting your taxa:
Use Data/Sort to
organize your list
stratigraphically
Speciation
Organize your data: after
Speciation
Organize your data: after
Speciation
Other graphs made by &Data
Speciation
Other graphs made by &Data
Speciation
Other graphs made by &Data
Speciation
Other graphs made by &Data
Speciation
Other graphs made by &Data
Speciation
Transfer your data to &Age
A8
Copy/Paste group in
&Age at Cell A8
Speciation
Standing diversity by Age
See AbsDates for
Age abbreviations
Speciation
Transfer your data to &O-S MX
A8
Copy/Paste group in
&O-S MX at Cell A8.
Repeat process for
&P-T MX and &K-T MX
Speciation
Extinction
Get 2 Ma intervals…
&O-S MX, &P-T MX and
&K-T MX measure 2
million year intervals
across mass extinction
events
Speciation
The 3 Big mass extinctions
Blue line shows diversity
at 2Ma interval, gray line
shows Epoch intervals
Speciation
The 3 Big mass extinctions
Blue line shows diversity
at 2Ma interval; light gray
shows Age intervals;
dark gray line shows
Epoch intervals
Speciation
Sample 2: PlotExtinction
the Tabulates
Copy group from
Compendium and
Paste in Cell A8 of
&Data.
Speciation
Remove unwanted taxa
Tabulates include
fewer taxa than the
bryozoans, so you
need to highlight the
remaining bryozoans
& hit the delete key
Speciation
Range chart squeezed to left
This common
problem can be fixed
by changing the
source data: follow
these steps…
Speciation
Fixing the range chart
With the mouse over
the colorful background, click right
mouse button and
select Source Data
Speciation
Fixing the range chart
You will see that
Columns E, H, N & O
are highlighted…
Speciation
Fixing the range chart
But these highlights
extend beyond your
data. This is causing
the left squeeze in
the range chart
Speciation
Fixing the range chart
Fix problem by
highlighting columns
E, H, N & O so that
only rows containing
data are included. To
highlight multiple
columns, you will
need to hold the Ctrl
key while dragging
the mouse
Speciation
Fixing the range chart
First click on the
Source Data icon
(circled here in red).
Next highlight column
E down to the last
entry. Scroll back to
the top of the page.
Press and hold the
Ctrl key. Now
highlight column H.
Repeat for columns N
and O (they can be
highlighted together).
Speciation
Fixing the range chart
Once all four columns
are highlighted, let go
of the Ctrl key.
Click the Source Data
square (circled here
in red).
Speciation
Fixing the range chart
Select OK
Speciation
Fixing the range chart
Now the tabulate data
stretches across the
graph area.
Speciation
Fixing the range chart
Sort your taxa:
Use Data/Sort to
organize your list
stratigraphically
Speciation
Fixing the range chart