Transcript Naming and Drawing Carbon Compounds

Naming and Drawing
Carbon Compounds
Today you will learn:
1. How to name a simple
hydrocarbon when given its
formula.
2. Draw the structural formula when
given the name.
I. Naming Straight Chained
Hydrocarbons
• Inorganic carbon compounds, such as
CO2, are named using the system with
prefixes and suffixes.
• Most organic compounds are found in
living things.
Naming Hydrocarbons
A. Alkanes end with the suffix –ane.
Ex: Methane CH4
Naming Hydrocarbons
B. 1 C = Meth-ane
2 C = Eth-ane
3 C = Prop-ane
4 C = But-ane
5 C = Pent-ane
6 C = Hex-ane
7 C = Hept-ane
8 C = Oct-ane
9 C = Non-ane
10 C = Dec-ane
Notice that #5-10
Use the latin prefixes.
Alkenes & Alkynes
C. The names of alkenes and alkynes use
the same prefixes as the alkanes but with
a change in the suffix to identify that
double or triple bonds exist in the
molecule.
Unsaturated Hydrocarbons
D. Unsaturated hydrocarbons with double
bonds (alkenes) or triple bonds
(alkynes).
1. The names of alkenes end with –ene.
Ex: C2H4, ethene
Unsaturated Hydrocarbons
2. The names of alkynes end with –yne.
Ex: C2H2, Ethyne
Determining Position of
Double/Triple Bond
E. The number of the carbons in the
molecule is what determines the name of
the whole chain.
F. The number out in front is where the
multiple bond is located.
Multiple Multiple Bonds
F. If there is more than one multiple bond in
the molecule the prefixes di- , tri-, etc. are
used to denote the number of multiple
bonds.
Branching
G. The branch number is the carbon of the
main chain the branch is coming off then
we name the carbons in the branch the
prefix of a normal chain.
Saturated Fats & Unsaturated
Fats
H. Saturated fats are made of long straight
chains of single-bonded carbon and
hydrogen with a carboxyl acid group on
the end.
I. Unsaturated Fats contains one or more
double bonds.
II. Drawing Organic Molecules
A. There are four ways to represent an
organic molecule:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Chemical Formula C6H12
Structural Formula
Skeletal Structure
Space filling model
Skeletal Structures
B. The skeletal structures leave out some or
all of the carbon and hydrogen atoms.
1. Shows the framework only as lines
representing bonds and angles or an end
points representing the carbon atoms.
2. It simplifies complex carbon
molecules.