Transcript Slide 1

The Cold War
Chris Lung
Natalie Haddad
Laura Norkeviciute
Technology Impacts on USA During the Cold War
Political
-Though the Cold War was not actually a war it did involve a major arms race
between the United States of America and the Soviet Union.
-Perhaps most famously, Americans strongly connected with the idea of a
distant and ideologically foreign enemy. The "Red Scare" refers to a period of
intense paranoia in the United States when even the accusation of communist
ties could bring a person's career to and end and destroy a reputation.
- Joseph McCarthy held a series of hearings before the House Committee On
Un-American Activities which served almost as show-trials, fueling the
atmosphere of fear and anxiety.
Technology
-In 1945, the first nuclear bomb was Delived bomber. Therefore, the United
States and the Soviet Union developed technology during the Cold War to build
long range bombers. These bombers were large and could carry several bombs. -And by the end of the Cold War the United States had 277 bombers, and the
Soviet Union had 177 bombers. The Soviet Union seeing that the United States
outweighed them, began building means of defending their country from an air
attack. However, the United States developed a countermeasure called a Cruise
Missile. These proved to be very effective, and by the end of the war Cruise
Missiles could be used as an attack or defense weapon.
Society
-Hollywood became a highly visible target of the House Un-American
Activities Committee during the late 1940s and 1950s. Uncooperative witnesses
were blacklisted by the studios, and some, like the Hollywood Ten, served time
in jail.
-To prove their "Americanism," studio bosses not only fired and blacklisted
employees, but they also turned out a string of films warning against the dangers
of communism at home and abroad.
-Microwaves invented by Percy Spenser allowed for people to cook food faster,
spend more time in family time, and also at the same time get cancers from
waves in the microwaves, even though food enhancers were inventened.
Religion
-Computers, such as Univac 1, allowed for the Church to interact and spread
religious beliefs faster to people.
Intellectual
• Throughout the Cold War submarines played a major rule. In the Cold War they were
used for Intelligence gathering rather then combat. Both the United States and the USSR
had a fleet of disiel submarines in the beginning of the Cold War. From what has been
declassified by the US Navy, at the time of the Cold War the US submarines were
hooked up with "Spook" equipment. This equipment was used to listen to soviet
telephones and other communication devices.
•This gave the United States an advantage, over the Soviet Union due to the fact that
they knew what the Soviets were doing.
Art/Architecture
•The Berlin Wall was built.
•More stable buildings.
•Word processor and Pong video game was invented. The Word Processor allowed for
typing on computers to become faster and more efficient.
Economy
-Our Nuclear materials were obscenely expensive; therefore much money was wasted
when investing in building new technology.
-The Cold War created an impetus for the continued upkeep and expansion of US
military capability after the end of WWII. This diverted billions from social programs
and to a great extent undid many of the formative political changes brought about by the
great depression.
-While Johnson's "Great Society" programs addressed some of this shortfall, the
financial constraints imposed by the ballooning budgets of the military contributed to
the prevention of the development of a welfare state as we see in modern day Europe.
Chronology
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1946: Microwave invented by Percy Spencer
1947: Polaroid Camera invented by Dr. Edwin H. Land
1948: Electric Guitar introduced by Leo Fender
1950: The first credit card (Diners) were made by Ralph
Schneider
1951: The first commercial computer, the Univac 1 was sold on
the market
1952: Bar code was invented by Joseph Woodland and Bernard
Silver
1952: Edward Teller and team build the hydrogen bomb.
1953: The flack box flight recorder is invented by David Warren
1953: Dr. John. H Gibbon performs first open heart surgery with
a heart-lung machine
1955: Optic fiber and Nuclear Submarine invented
1957: Polio vaccine created by Dr. Albert
1959:Jack Kilby and Robert Noyce both invent the microchip
Chronology Cont.
• 1960: Physicist Theodore H Mailman creates the first laser
• 1961: Russians enter space provoking the space race
• 1964:Basic (an early computer language) is invented by John
George Kemeny and Tom Kurtz
• 1967: Soft contact lenses, Kevlar, and minicomputers are
invented.
• 1969: Arpanet, ATM, and Ram are invented
• 1969: Apollo 11 lands on the moon making Neil Armstrong the
first man on the moon
• 1970: Floppy disk invented by Alan Shugart. VCR is also
invented
• 1972: Word processor, Pong (video game), LCD, and food
processers are invented
• 1973: The first gene splicing is done, microprocessor invented
by Faggin, Hoff, and Mazor, and the first Ethernet cable is
invented by Robert Metcalfe and Xerox.
Chronology Cont.
• 1975: Giorgio Fischer invents lipsocution and the laser printer
is invented.
• 1979: Cell phones, Walkman, and the Cray Supercomputer are
invented
• 1980: First IMB-PC, scanning tunneling microscope, and
reusable space shuttle by Nasa invented
• 1982: Human growth hormone genetically engineered and
artificial heart by Dr. Robert Jarvik
• 1985: The CD-ROM, Apple Macintosh, and windows program
invented.
• 1988: The RU-486 (abortion pill) invented. Prozac invented at
the Eli Lilly Company by inventor Ray Fuller.
• 1989: High-definition television invented.
• 1990:The World Wide Web and Internet protocol (HTTP) and
WWW language (HTML) created by Tim Lee.
• 1990: The Space Shuttle Discovery deploys the Hubble Space
telescope
Part 3
The atomic bomb was first used by
the U.S in 1945.
Apollo 11, a Russian craft, land
on the moon in 1969.
In the cold war submarines
were used for intelligence
rather then military reasons.
Inside groups would gather
and tap into soviet telephones
and communication systems.
The first cell
phone was
developed
in 1979.
Part 3
This is an aircraft carrier which
was heavily utilized by the United
states and Japan.
In 1957 the
polio
vaccine
was
created by
Dr. Albert.
In 1972 word
processor
was
developed.
In 1983 the
first soft
bifocal contact
lenses were
created.
Part 4 Analysis
•
More medical advances were made throughout the second half of the
nineteenth century. Achievements include artificial hearts, blood
transfusions, heart transplants, polio vaccines, Prozac, and abortion pills.
– Medical changes took place because technology improved and there
was a greater need of medical use and research to deal with problems
of the home coming soldiers, the wounded, polio victims like F.D.R.,
mental potions, and the increase of babies during this baby-boomer
time.
•
During the Cold War, a major tension was between the US and Russia
space race. The Russians put the first man in space, but the US caught up
and put Neil Armstrong, the first man, on the moon.
– Reasons for the development of Space programs were made because
of the want to explore space, but mainly to outdo each other (Russia
and US) during the Cold War.
•
Weapons development was a large part of the Cold War. Nuclear
submarines, atomic bombs, long range missiles, advanced aircrafts, and
deadlier ammunitions.
– Weapons were made in efforts of defensive and preparation of war.
Part 4 Analysis Cont.
•
The Cold war was known as the communications revolutions as there were
a plethora of advancements in communication, traveling, and storage. Cell
phones, personal computers, and storage systems were innovated
throughout this period as well as newer systems of traveling which include
aircrafts, cars, trains, and boats.
– Communication was needed by the military to send quick and clear
systems to each other on the battlefield as well as store data and
inscribe messages so that outsides couldn’t detect their messages.
•
Food production was made better and safer during this timeframe. The
microwave was made making reheating foods easier. Biotechnology and
food enhancers were used throughout the world on crops and food products
in farms and valleys.
– Like medical advancements, food advancements were made to make
the general public safer and healthier as technology increased.
Technologies were produced practically because the US wanted to
have a stable source of food in case of a war with Russia.
Part 4: Comparison of Cold War to
50 Previous Years
Similarities:
• -Continued vaccines
• -Military advancements as the years went on.
• -Communication has always been spreading, but after the Cold War it
increased due to new inventions, such as cellphones and computers.
• There has always been competition amongst countries.
Differences:
• -Atomic energy and weapons used during the Cold War were more advanced
then to previous 50 years.
• -Cellphones and computers increased communication during the Cold War.
• Blood transfusions and heart transplants were invented, making people have
a higher chance of living than before.
• During the Cold War, due to the thirst of beating the Soviet Union, the USA
also had the ambition to explore space; therefore, did not let the Russians get
too far ahead with spaceships.
Part 5 Role that element plays in
today's world.
• A lot of the technologies from the time period of the cold
war were modified or are still used today.
• The same polio vaccine is still used today to cure Polio.
• Cell phones have gotten smaller, faster, and more
convenient. They can hold more data, texting has
changed communication as we know it.
• Nuclear power plants and explosives are seen as major
threats to the United States. They also provide energy as
well.
• With the recent earthquake in Japan, the nuclear power
plant has become hazardous to the surrounding
populations.
Part 5- Continued!
• Since Apollo 11, numerous space crafts have
reached the moon including luna 16, 17, 20, and
21.
• The US currently thinking of launching the next
manned mission to the Moon after 2019, while
Russia is planning to send astronauts to the
Moon by 2025. They want to establish a
permanent lunar base.
• Today not only are their nuclear weapons
causing threats but also biological warfare has
become a form of war.
Who Did What?
• Laura- Pirates and Part 4 (comparison of
Cold War to previous 50 years).
• Chris- Chronology and Part 4 Analysis
• Natalie- Part 3 and Part 5
Bibliography:
• http://timelines.ws/subjects/Technology.HTML
• http://inventors.about.com/od/timelines/Timelines_of_Invention_and
_Technology.htm
• http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/telephone/timeline/index.html
• http://www.corp.att.com/attlabs/reputation/timeline/
• http://library.thinkquest.org/10826/timeline.htm