Transcript Chapter 20
Chapter 20 China North Korea South Korea Japan East Asia Land of Extremes Area known as the Pacific Rim Climate ranges from tropical to subarctic Terrain ranges from fertile valleys to dry deserts Economies range from backwards to modern material wealth Governments range from allowing great personal freedom, to very repressive Religious attitudes range from very open and tolerant to completely closed off I. China Slightly smaller in size than the US, but 5 times larger in population 92% of people are Han Mandarin is the official language Recorded history of 4000 years is longer than any other country Many major contributions: gunpowder, paper, printing, magnetic compass 49 cities of over 1 million people North China Plain North China Plain is the heart of China Extends north of Beijing to just below Shanghai Plain produces coal and petroleum (China is the world’s leading coal producer) Qin Ling Mountains run east to west across the plain, provides a climate barrier Huang He (Yellow) and the Chang (Yangtze) rivers- very important to China, run through the plain (pg.497) According to legend, first Chinese civilization started in the Huang He valley- first emperor Shih Huang Ti started the Qin dynasty Qin (chin)- China’s name comes from this dynasty The Chang River is the most important river in China, “main street”, deepest and busiest river in the world Big Cities Shanghai largest city, over 10 million, situated near the mouth of the Chang River British forced China to open Shanghai port to foreigners in 1842, took on a very western look Headquarters for Hudson Taylor’s Inland China Mission Beijing Second largest city- over 7 million Only 35 miles south of the Great Wall Capital city Been educational and cultural center for centuries Forbidden City- home to the emperors lies in the center of the city (Read pg. 500) Tiananmen Square- military parades on the 34 acre square, became symbol of unrest with the Communist regime in ‘89 Great Wall of China Pg. 501 Built during 14th and 17th centuries to protect China from invaders In different places, the materials used change based on what was readily available in that area Many workers died while building the wall, “longest cemetery in the world” Watchtowers and forts were built at strategic locations Majority of it is in disrepair, except for the touristy areas Length is debated: 3,946 to 4,500 miles Manchuria Made up of 3 provinces Named for the last foreign power to rule China: Manchus Jonathan Goforth was a missionary to Manchuria under the China Inland Mission Manchu dynasty collapsed in 1912 and Manchuria has been an area of tension since- Japan and Soviet Russia both tried to overtake the area Southern Uplands Home to more ethnic groups and languages than any other region Green hills and mountains are main scenery One of few places in the world to produce silk Includes Hainan- southern most province and largest island in China Special Administrative Regions (SARs) "one country, two systems“:different political system from mainland China British founded Hong Kong, reverted to China in 1997- one of strongest economies in the world, only 400 sq. miles, busiest port in the world Macau- oldest European colony in Asia, founded by Portuguese in 1557, only 6 sq. miles, gambling is main industry Government and Economy Communist government Unicameral legislature- National People’s Congress Second largest economy in the world (behind US) Mao Zedong proclaimed the birth of the People’s Republic of China in 1949 Mao initiated ruthless programs to strengthen economy: Great Leap Forward in 1958 (to centralize farming) and the Cultural Revolution in 1966 (to eliminate opposition)—the Red Guard went throughout China shutting down schools and killing Christians, Mao died in 1976 Deng Xiaoping took over and modernized the economy, encouraged education, some private property ownership, and open China to foreign markets As communism started to falter in Europe, Chinese students began to protest. On June 4, 1989, Communist tanks rolled into Tiananmen Square and killed around 5000 protestors, Communists denied anything happened. II. China’s Autonomous Regions and Mongolia China has 5 self governing regions- offers autonomy to a minority group—really very limited powers Guangxi- Zhuang people- ethnically Thai, speak Thai dialect Tibet- “roof of the world”, capital Lhasa, Tibetan people follow Lamaism- led by the Dalai Lama (reincarnation of Buddha) Xinjiang- largest of political divisions, Muslim people who speak Turkic language, home to the Taklimakan Desert- driest spot in Asia Nei Mongol- inner Mongolia, controlled by China, Gobi Desert covers most of the area, speak Mongol language and practice Tibetan Buddhism Ningxia- Hui people, follow Islam, only ones recognized for religious reasons instead of ethnic reasons Taiwan Island of Taiwan never officially recognized by China Taiwan- capital Taipei island 100 miles off of China, high tech industries thrive UN kicked Taiwan out to admit China in 1971 US does not recognize as a country, but Taiwan is our 8th largest trade partner, does not declare independence for fear of China invading J. Hudson Taylor J. Hudson Taylor (1832-1905) English missionary to China spent 51 years in China Founded the China Inland Mission which at his death included 205 mission stations with over 800 missionaries, and 125,000 Chinese Christians. when he saw that the Chinese people saw him as an outsider he and chose to wear the clothes of the common Chinese people. made him the laughing stock of foreign and Chinese onlookers, but proved his point and helped people see what he preached was not a foreign message after all In 1950, following the Communist victory in China, the CIM began a “reluctant exodus” out of the country. In 1953, the CIM added Overseas Missionary Fellowship (OMF) to its name and began work throughout East Asia Video from OMFhttp://www.omf.org/omf/us/resources__1/videos_online/140_years_of_ci m_omf Mongolia Ancestral home of a nomadic people, the Mongols Lived in collapsible tents called gers (Russians call them yurts) Brief History: Genghis Khan and Kublai Khan ruled from East Asia to Europe, empire fell and Mongolia was controlled by the Manchus, Russia stepped in to provide “independence”, Communist Party inflicted harsh rules Ulaanbaatar- capital city Covered mainly by the Gobi Desert- very dry climate, coldest and most northern desert in the world, 2nd largest in the world III. North and South Korea Korean Peninsula extends from northeastern China Two rivers divide the peninsula from China and Russia: Yalu and Tumen Along the Eastern side of the peninsula are the Taebaek Mountains Turbulent history due in large part to its geographic positionserves as a bridge btw larger, more powerful countries In 1910, Japan took complete control, started a modernization process (roads, industry), after WWII the country was divided to oversee the departure of the Japanese– The US took the South, the Soviets took the North Soviet Union refused to give up its territory in Korea Established a communist satellite- Democratic People’s Republic of Korea North invaded the South in 1950 hoping to unify all under communism UN and US came to help South, China helped the North, after 3 years of fighting the line separating them- the 38th parallelwas deemed a demilitarized zone (DMZ), but no peace treaty was signed North Korea Communist leader Kim Il Sung and his son Kim Jong II, isolated N. Korea and discouraged all religions Only Juche is allowed- worship of the state Suffered food shortages for over a decade, had to ease up on isolation to seek aide Large part of GDP is spent on the military Capital: Pyongyang Has only university Only manufacturing center South Korea Major improvements since 1960- built up the economy from one of the poorest to a $1 trillion economy S. Korea is free and not centralized Seoul- capital city, 7th largest city in the world After 32 years of military rule, S. Koreans elected their first civilian government in 1993 Christianity and Buddhism are the most practiced religionsmore Christian converts in S. Korea than anywhere else in Asia IV. Japan Japanese people refer to their country as Nippon- source of the sun” Four main islands make up Japan and thousands of smaller ones, Isolated by the 120 mile wide Korea Strait Population is about ½ of the US, but live in area the size of California Thriving industrial nation, high work ethic, exports high tech, high quality goods Native religion: Shinto- worship of many gods (kami) who indwell objects in nature Japan’s Islands Honshu largest island 80% of pop. lives on this island capital of Tokyo is located here Japanese Alps include highest peak: Fujiyama (Mt. Fuji) city of Kyoto was the capital for more than one thousand years samurai protected the estates of the lords Hiroshima-site of first atomic bomb Japan’s Islands Shikoku smallest of the 4 islands, somewhat isolated from the rest of Japan, recently completed bridge connects to other side Kyushu southern island, earliest settlements found here, on the west is Nagasaki- site of second atomic bomb, Ryuku Islands includes islands of Okinawa and Iwo Jima- strategic to the US in WWII Japan’s Islands Hokkaido northern island harsh winters Japan’s last frontier world’s longest railway tunnel: Seikan Tunnel, transports goods to Honshu native people: Ainu- Japan’s original inhabitants, unusual for their white skin