Transcript Controlling Diesel Particulate Exposures in Underground

MSHA’s
Diesel Particulate Matter
Rule for Metal and
Nonmetal Mines
George P. Saseen
William H. Pomroy
Mine Safety and Health Administration
[email protected]
[email protected]
 Overview
of the Final Rules and
Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL)
– 2001 Final Rule
– 2002 Partial Settlement Agreement
– 2006 Final Rule
 DPM
Controls Used to Attain
Compliance with the PEL
January 2001 Final Rule
TC CONCENTRATION
500 µg/m3
Start
400 µg/m3
400 µg/m3
300 µg/m3
200 µg/m3
160 µg/m3
100 µg/m3
0
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
YEAR
2006
2007
2008
2009
Other Provisions of the
2001 Final Rule
Surrogate for DPM: Total Carbon (TC)
Sum of Elemental Carbon (EC) and Organic
Carbon (OC)
Single Sample for Compliance
Analysis of compliance samples per NIOSH
5040 method
“Best Practice” standards for fuel,
maintenance, engines, training, and
recordkeeping.
Exposure Monitoring by mine operator
2002 Partial Settlement Agreement
TC CONCENTRATION
500 µg/m3
Start
400 µg/m3
400 µg/m3
300 µg/m3
200 µg/m3
160 µg/m3
100 µg/m3
0
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
YEAR
2006
2007
2008
2009
Verifying TC Without OC Interferences
Non-diesel sources of OC (ETS, drill oil mist)
can interfere with TC = EC + OC
 Method developed for determining TC without
OC interferences:

– Extensive TC sampling was conducted at 31 mines
– Value of TC:EC ratio was 1.3
– THUS, TC = EC x 1.3

All MSHA compliance sampling for DPM,
including Final PEL of 160TC µg/m3, based on:
TC = EC x [TC:EC ratio]
personal samples
without OC
interferences
May 2006 Final Rule
TC CONCENTRATION
500 µg/m3
Start
308 µg/m3 EC
400 µg/m3
350 µg/m3
300 µg/m3
200 µg/m3
160 µg/m3
100 µg/m3
0
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
YEAR
2006
2007
2008
2009
Other Provisions of the
2006 Final Rule

Special Extensions to the Final Limit are
available to all mines

Medical Evaluations of Miners by a physician
or other licensed health care professional at
no cost to the miner, prior to wearing a
respirator

If a miner cannot wear a respirator, the miner
must be transferred to an existing job
Enforcement Policy for the
160TC ug/m3 Final PEL
1.3 conversion factor not appropriate due to
high variability of TC:EC ratio below 230TC
µg/m3 (both mine-to-mine and day-to-day within
mine)
 Non-citable area sample collected in main
exhaust (where OC interferences negligible)
 See MSHA’s Policy Letter P08-IV-01

TC = EC x [TC:EC ratio]
personal samples
Area sample without OC
interferences
Available Control Strategies
 Ventilation
 Environmental
Cabs
 Administrative Controls
Engines
 Maintenance
 Biodiesel Fuel
 DPM Exhaust Filters
Exposure
Controls
 Diesel
Emission
Reduction
Ventilation
Widely used method for DPM control
DPM reduction proportional to air flow
• Double air flow = 50% DPM reduction
Types of upgrades
• Major ventilation upgrades: shafts and
•
fans, ventilation control structures
Auxiliary ventilation upgrades: booster
fans and ventilation bags
Environmental Cabs
Environmental Cabs Can:
• Reduce DPM exposure
• Reduce noise exposure
• Reduce silica dust exposure
Cabs Should Be:
• Tight - seal openings, repair broken windows
• Pressurized with filtered breathing air (follow
•
•
regular filter change-out schedule - 250 hr)
Operated with doors/windows closed (may need
air conditioning)
Maintained in good condition
Administrative Controls
Work Practices Can Affect Emissions And DPM
Concentrations
• Minimize engine idling
• Keep fuel and lube oil clean
• Traffic control
• Route traffic away from areas where miners work
•
outside cabs
Route haul trucks in return air, especially when
ascending ramps loaded
Limit HP in work area based on available CFM’s
•
• Schedule blasters on non-production shifts
• MSHA does not allow Job Rotation for dpm
Diesel Engines

Upgrade Diesel Fleet by Replacing Older Engines

“3 Strikes and You’re Out”
– High horsepower (greater than 150),
– High emissions (greater than 0.3 gm/hp-hr),
– High use (greater than 6 hours per shift).

Target Equipment:
– Production Loaders and Trucks (primary),
– Drills and Scalers (secondary)
– PC engines (specialty mining equipment).

One bad engine can spoil the entire fleet.
Engine Maintenance
Cleaning: Engine, Radiators, Air/Oil Coolers
 Intake Systems: Air Filter, Turbo Boost
Pressure, Leaks
 Exhaust Systems: Backpressure, Leaks
 Cooling Systems: Engine and
Charged Intake Air
 Fuel Systems: Proper Fuel and Injection
Timing Settings, Adjustment for Altitude
 Electronic Controlled Systems: Diagnostics
 Emission Tests: Tune of the Engine

Biodiesel
Fuel derived from vegetable oils or
animal fats meeting ASTM D6751
EPA registered diesel fuel
100% biodiesel, B100
Biodiesel blend - biodiesel mixed with
petrodiesel, called Bxx where xx is the
volume % of biodiesel in the blend
• B50 – 50% biodiesel, B20 – 20% biodiesel
Biodiesel and DPM Emissions
Elemental Carbon, EC, µg/m3
MSHA compliance samples, EC
Standard D2
99% Biodiesel
500
400
300
200
100
0
2002
2003
2004
Year
2005
2006
Diesel Particulate Filters

Filter: Ceramic
or Sintered Metal

80 to 99% efficient.

Regeneration issues.

May be Catalyzed

MSHA / NIOSH Filter Selection Guide:
www.msha.gov – click on: Diesel Particulate
High Temperature “Synthetic”
Filter Media



80-99% Efficient
Temperature
Limit – 6500 F
May require a
heat exchanger
prior to the filter
media

Filter Location

Disposable
Effectiveness of DPM Filters
Questions ???????